scholarly journals To What Extent Does Frailty Influence the Risk of Developing Urolithiasis?

Uro ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Henry H. L. Wu ◽  
Rajkumar Chinnadurai
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Research Initiatives ◽  
The Relationship

Urolithiasis has become more prevalent in recent years, given the rapid rise of the global geriatric population. Although factors such as ethnicity, dietary and fluid intake, co-morbidity status and age have been associated with increased incidence of urolithiasis, the links between frailty status and risks of developing urolithiasis are not yet known. In this commentary, we will explore the scale and significance of this relationship based on emerging evidence. We will review the plausible factors on how a more severe frailty status may be significantly associated with greater risks of developing urolithiasis. We will also discuss the strategies that may help to lower the incidence of urolithiasis in older and frail individuals. We hope our article will bring greater awareness on this issue and motivate further research initiatives evaluating the relationship between frailty and urolithiasis, as well as holistic prevention strategies to lower the risks of developing urolithiasis within this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Intake and Transition between Frailty States in Octogenarians Living in New Zealand

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2843
Author(s):  
Ruth Teh ◽  
Nuno Mendonça ◽  
Marama Muru-Lanning ◽  
Sue MacDonell ◽  
Louise Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Frailty Criteria

Adequate nutritional status may influence progression to frailty. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of frailty and examine the relationship between dietary protein intake and the transition between frailty states and mortality in advanced age. We used data from a longitudinal cohort study of Māori (80–90 years) and non-Māori (85 years). Dietary assessments (24-h multiple pass dietary recalls) were completed at the second year of follow-up (wave 2 and forms the baseline in this study). Frailty was defined using the Fried Frailty criteria. Multi-state modelling examined the association of protein intake and transitions between frailty states and death over four years. Over three quarters of participants were pre-frail or frail at baseline (62% and 16%, respectively). Those who were frail had a higher co-morbidity (p < 0.05), where frailty state changed, 44% showed a worsening of frailty status (robust → pre-frail or pre-frail → frail). Those with higher protein intake (g/kg body weight/day) were less likely to transition from robust to pre-frail [Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval): 0.28 (0.08–0.91)] but also from pre-frail to robust [0.24 (0.06–0.93)]. Increased protein intake was associated with lower risk of transitioning from pre-frailty to death [0.19 (0.04–0.80)], and this association was moderated by energy intake [0.22 (0.03–1.71)]. Higher protein intake in this sample of octogenarians was associated with both better and worse outcomes.

Prospective Associations of Physical Frailty With Future Falls and Fear of Falling: A 48-Month Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Makino ◽  
S Lee ◽  
S Bae ◽  
I Chiba ◽  
K Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to examine the prospective associations of physical frailty with future falls and fear of falling (FOF) among community-dwelling older adults. Methods A prospective cohort study with a 48-month follow-up was conducted in a Japanese community. Participants were 2469 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older who completed baseline and follow-up assessments at intervals of 48±2 months. Primary outcomes were recent falls (defined as at least one fall within the past year) and FOF (determined by response to “Are you afraid of falling?”) at follow-up survey. Physical frailty, operationalized by the frailty phenotype (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, weight loss, and low activity) based on the criteria of the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS), was also assessed as a predictor of future falls and FOF. Results Multivariate logistic regression showed that pre-frailty or frailty increase the risk of not only future falls (OR: 1.57; 95%CI = 1.20-2.05) but also FOF (OR: 1.33; 95%CI = 1.05-1.69). In addition, the relationship between baseline frailty status and future falls remained significant after adjusting for baseline FOF (OR: 1.55; 95%CI = 1.19-2.02), and the relationship between baseline frailty status and future FOF also remained significant after adjusting for baseline falls (OR: 1.32; 95%CI = 1.04-1.68). Conclusions Frailty status may predict future falls and FOF among community-dwelling older adults. Strategies to prevent frailty may be beneficial to prevent not only future falls but also future FOF in a community setting. Impact Falls and FOF have a close relationship but a different clinical meaning. Older adults with physical frailty may require monitoring as high-risk not only for falls but also for FOF.

Insecure attachment is associated with paranoia but not hallucinations in psychotic patients: the mediating role of negative self-esteem

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1495-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wickham ◽  
K. Sitko ◽  
R. P. Bentall
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundA growing body of research has investigated associations between insecure attachment styles and psychosis. However, despite good theoretical and epidemiological reasons for hypothesising that insecure attachment may be specifically implicated in paranoid delusions, few studies have considered the role it plays in specific symptoms.MethodWe examined the relationship between attachment style, paranoid beliefs and hallucinatory experiences in a sample of 176 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 113 healthy controls. We also investigated the possible role of negative self-esteem in mediating this association.ResultsInsecure attachment predicted paranoia but not hallucinations after co-morbidity between the symptoms was controlled for. Negative self-esteem partially mediated the association between attachment anxiety and clinical paranoia, and fully mediated the relationship between attachment avoidance and clinical paranoia.ConclusionsIt may be fruitful to explore attachment representations in psychological treatments for paranoid patients. If future research confirms the importance of disrupted attachment as a risk factor for persecutory delusions, consideration might be given to how to protect vulnerable young people, for example those raised in children's homes.

scholarly journals Malnutrition in elderly and its relation to depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Al-Rasheed ◽  
Radiah Alrasheedi ◽  
Razan Al Johani ◽  
Hamidah Alrashidi ◽  
Bayan Almaimany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
The Relationship

The notable increase in number of individuals reaching advancing ages over the past decades resulted in the emergence of various physical and mental disorders that necessitate intervention. Two of the major illnesses encountered at this age group include depression and malnutrition. Depression and malnutrition are prevalent among geriatric population and seem to be strongly associated. The relationship between those two conditions is interactive. Depression leads to appetite and weight changes that results in malnutrition, and poor nutrition predispose old individuals to psychiatric upset (depression, agitation, and irritability). Loss of appetite and weight and major criteria for diagnosis of depression. It is suggested that the neurotransmitters and hormonal changes occurring in depressing are responsible for alteration in appetite. On the other hand, dietary supplements are essential for mood regulation. Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamin B, selenium, zinc, lithium, chromium, calcium, and other trace elements are protective against depression. Depression and malnutrition have common risk factors such as loneliness, lack of social support, physical illness, functional impairment, financial paucity, and endocrinal disturbances. There is a vicious circle between depression and malnutrition. Therefore, clinicians should pay attention to both psychological and physical aspects during treating elderly with depression, malnutrition, or both. This article aims to discuss the relationship between depression and malnutrition among geriatric population.

Fluid Balance, Carbohydrate Ingestion, and Body Temperature During Men’s Stage-Race Cycling in Temperate Environmental Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Ross ◽  
Brian Stephens ◽  
Chris R. Abbiss ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Event Duration ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Road Cyclists ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Guidelines

Purpose:To observe voluntary fluid and carbohydrate intakes and thermoregulatory characteristics of road cyclists during 2 multiday, multiple-stage races in temperate conditions.Methods:Ten internationally competitive male cyclists competed in 2 stage races (2009 Tour of Gippsland, T1, n = 5; 2010 Tour of Geelong, T2, n = 5) in temperate conditions (13.2–15.8°C; 54–80% relative humidity). Body mass (BM) was recorded immediately before and after each stage. Peak gastrointestinal temperature (TGI peak) was recorded throughout each stage. Cyclists recalled the types and volumes of fluid and food consumed throughout each stage.Results:Although fluid intake varied according to the race format, there were strong correlations between fluid intake and distance across all formats of racing, in both tours (r = .82, r = .92). Within a stage, the relationship between finishing time and fluid intake was trivial. Mean BM change over a stage was 1.3%, with losses >2% BM occurring on 5 out of 43 measured occasions and the fastest competitors incurring lower BM changes. Most subjects consumed carbohydrate at rates that met the new guidelines (30–60 g/h for 2–3 h, ~90 g/h for >3 h), based on event duration. There were consistent observations of TGI peak >39°C during stages of T1 (67%) and T2 (73%) despite temperate environmental conditions.Conclusion:This study captured novel effects of highintensity stage racing in temperate environmental conditions. In these conditions, cyclists were generally able to find opportunities to consume fluid and carbohydrate to meet current guidelines. We consistently observed high TGI peak, which merits further investigation.

Comorbidity of Medical and Psychiatric Disorders in Geriatric Population

2018 ◽  
pp. 448-474
Author(s):  
Pratima Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related

Ageing is a universal phenomenon that has not only social but also economic, political, and health-related implications. With the advancement in healthcare facilities and better availability of health services, the geriatric population is gradually increasing. But, this group is at an increased risk of developing both physical and psychological co-morbidities due to age-related factors and changes in the social circumstances. The present chapter proposes the concept and issues related to co-morbidity in the geriatric population. After discussing the issues and consequences of medical and psychiatric co-morbidities, their effective treatment regime and care/management in relation to the geriatric population are addressed.

Disease Interactome

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Suma Dawn ◽  
Nidhi Jain ◽  
Tulika Gangwar
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Average Linkage ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Gene Similarity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Secondary Diseases

The disease interactome is a network of genes that are related to each other through some attributes. These genes, being part of various diseases, show a high correlation among many diseases. Genes being a major part of the interactome thus can be used to determine the relationship between various diseases, their symptoms, clinical similarity, and co-morbidity. Subgraphs and similarity factors such as Jaccardian distance, cosine similarities, and others have been exploited to calculate the relationship between two or more diseases. Many diseases that did not show much resemblance on the basis of gene similarity or symptom similarity were seen to be closely related according to network interactome. The quantitative analysis between disease-disease was also done. Clustering algorithms like hierarchical clustering involving single, complete, and average linkage were applied to get a visual representation in the form of a dendrogram. Thus, disease-disease interactome was created, analyzed for finding related secondary diseases, and their basic nature was understood.

Weak Ties and Value of a Network in the New Internet Economy

2017 ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Di Fatta ◽  
Roberto Musotto ◽  
Vittorio D'Aleo ◽  
Walter Vesperi ◽  
Giacomo Morabito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Virtual Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
A Value ◽  
Internet Economy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The rapid rise in internet economy is reflected in increased scholarly attention on the topic, with researchers increasingly exploring the marketing approaches and strategies now available through social media. The network provides a value for companies, thus becomes essential acquire greater awareness to evaluate and quantify its value. What are practical implications for managers? Social network analysis is nowadays an essential tool for researchers: the aim of this chapter is to extend the internet economy research to network theories. Today, there are emerging observations on the global internet economy, but there is a big gap in literature indeed. At first, literature focused on people. Now, on digitalized information. Firms are connected in a virtual network and there are undefined distances in terms of space and time. Traditional methods of analysis are no more efficient: to analyze the relationship in the network society, we need a different paradigm to approach network issue.

scholarly journals Obsessive–compulsive disorder: subclassification based on co-morbidity

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1491-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nestadt ◽  
C. Z. Di ◽  
M. A. Riddle ◽  
M. A. Grados ◽  
B. D. Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is probably an etiologically heterogeneous condition. Many patients manifest other psychiatric syndromes. This study investigated the relationship between OCD and co-morbid conditions to identify subtypes.MethodSeven hundred and six individuals with OCD were assessed in the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (OCGS). Multi-level latent class analysis was conducted based on the presence of eight co-morbid psychiatric conditions [generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depression, panic disorder (PD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), tics, mania, somatization disorders (Som) and grooming disorders (GrD)]. The relationship of the derived classes to specific clinical characteristics was investigated.ResultsTwo and three classes of OCD syndromes emerge from the analyses. The two-class solution describes lesser and greater co-morbidity classes and the more descriptive three-class solution is characterized by: (1) an OCD simplex class, in which major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most frequent additional disorder; (2) an OCD co-morbid tic-related class, in which tics are prominent and affective syndromes are considerably rarer; and (3) an OCD co-morbid affective-related class in which PD and affective syndromes are highly represented. The OCD co-morbid tic-related class is predominantly male and characterized by high conscientiousness. The OCD co-morbid affective-related class is predominantly female, has a young age at onset, obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) features, high scores on the ‘taboo’ factor of OCD symptoms, and low conscientiousness.ConclusionsOCD can be classified into three classes based on co-morbidity. Membership within a class is differentially associated with other clinical characteristics. These classes, if replicated, should have important implications for research and clinical endeavors.

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