Determinants of Measles Vaccine Hesitancy among Sudanese Parents in Khartoum State, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Determinants of vaccine hesitancy are not yet well understood. This study aims to assess measles vaccine hesitancy and characterize its determinants among Sudanese parents in Omdurman in Khartoum State. A community-based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in Khartoum State in February 2019. The Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccination (PACV) was used to measure measles vaccine hesitancy. Questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the family, the perception of the parents about the measles vaccine, and the parental exposure to information were asked. Proportions of vaccine hesitancy and coefficients of linear regression were computed. Five hundred parents were recruited for the study. We found that a significant proportion of participants (about 1 in 5 parents) had hesitations regarding the measles vaccine. Significant predictors of measles vaccine hesitancy were parental exposure to anti-vaccination information or materials (β = −0.478, p-value < 0.001), the parents’ perception of the effectiveness of measles vaccines (β = 0.093, p-value = 0.020), the age of the mother (β = 0.112, p-value = 0.017), the birth rank of the child (β = −0.116, p-value = 0.015), and the total number of the children in the family (β = 0.098, p-value = 0.013). Vaccination access issues were the common justification for parental vaccination hesitancy. Our findings indicate that investment in vaccine communication as well as addressing access issues might be an effective intervention for improving measles vaccine acceptance and, ultimately, measles vaccine coverage.

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Knowledge of mothers regarding children’s vaccinations in Cyprus: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0257590

Author(s):

Maria Kyprianidou ◽

Eleana Tzira ◽

Petros Galanis ◽

Konstantinos Giannakou

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Income ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Significant Drop ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices

Introduction Vaccine hesitancy is identified as one of the top threats to global health. A significant drop of childhood vaccine coverage is reported worldwide. One of the key reasons that influenced mothers’ choice to postpone, or avoid children’s vaccination, is knowledge. This study aimed to assess the level of Cypriot mothers’ knowledge on certain aspects of vaccination of their children, examine the association between vaccination knowledge and selected socio-demographic factors, and lastly assess the association of mothers’ knowledge about vaccination with vaccination coverage and delay, compliance to the recommended schedules, vaccination during pregnancy and mother-pediatrician relationship. Methods An online-based cross-sectional study conducted to collect information about socio-demographic characteristics, child’s characteristics, vaccination, and vaccine knowledge, using a self-administered questionnaire. The survey was conducted between April 2020 and June 2020 and the study population included mothers over 18 years old with at least one child (<18 years old) living in Cyprus. Results A total of 703 Cypriot mothers participated in the study. Most of the participants stated that they vaccined their children (97%) and the most popular source of information about vaccination was their pediatrician (90%). More than half of the participants (57%) have delayed their child/children vaccination with their pediatrician’s suggestion being the main reason. 36% of mothers had low knowledge while the overall correct rate was 13.6% and the median (IQR) knowledge score was 11 (9–12). Having a medium knowledge about vaccination was associated with having a medium or high income, whilst high knowledge compared to low knowledge was associated with completed a higher education and having a high income. Our analysis showed that the correct knowledge by mothers with regards to vaccination increases the probability of vaccinating their children, following the local recommendations for vaccine dosages, and acquiring and trusting vaccination-related information from their children’s pediatrician. Conclusion Our findings show that the majority of mothers in Cyprus had positives perceptions regarding childhood vaccination, as reflected with the high vaccination rate, however, some aspects of mothers’ knowledge of vaccination need to be improved. Public health strategies to promote vaccination, education programs as well as improved communication tools between pediatricians and mothers need to be considered to achieve favorable vaccination attitudes and practices for all mothers in Cyprus.

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Attitude towards childhood vaccination among parents in a rural area of Trivandrum district

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210808 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1247

Author(s):

Nithya Girija ◽

Deena Divakaran Sreelatha ◽

Benny Purandaran Vasanthamani ◽

Anil Bindhu Sukumaran ◽

Regi Jose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Modern World ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccine Acceptance ◽

Maximum Score

Background: Vaccines are simple and widely accepted as one of the most important medical strategy of modern world in the prevention of morbidity and mortality. In order to ensure the protective benefits of vaccines, it is essential that the vaccine coverage should reach between 80-100% of a population, with required coverage dependent on the concerned vaccine and the illness that it is designed to prevent. Vaccine hesitancy is defined as the reluctance to be vaccinated or have one's children vaccinated. In this study, we assess the attitude of parents towards childhood vaccinations and the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among parents in a rural area in Thiruvananthapuram district.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among parents of children below the age of 15 years, who are residents of a rural area in Thiruvananthapuram district. Data was collected using the parents’ attitude about childhood vaccination (PACV) survey, with the consent of the participants. The collected data entered into MS Excel and analysis was carried out using SPSS 20.Results: Out of 100 participating parents, 14 (14%) parents were concerned about the adverse events following immunization (AEFI). At the same time, the maximum score obtained on the PACV scale was just 24 out of 100. Further, vaccine hesitancy among the parents was found to be only 2 (2%).Conclusions: There is good vaccine acceptance among the parents residing in a rural area, even though many are from low socio-economic status.

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Vaccine hesitancy among Sudanese parents and its association with the uptake of measles vaccine

10.20944/preprints202112.0313.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Majdi M. Sabahelzain ◽

Mohamed Moukhyer ◽

Bart van den Borne ◽

Hans Bosma

Keyword(s):

Area Under The Curve ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Measles Vaccine ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Measles Vaccination

Vaccine uptake is one of the indicators that has been used to guide immunization programs. This study aimed to evaluate whether the measles vaccine uptake is predicted by measles vaccine hesitancy. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban districts in Khartoum state in February 2019. Measles vaccine uptake among children was measured as either fully vaccinated or partially/not vaccinated. The Parents Attitude about Childhood Vaccination (PACV) scale was used to measure measles vaccine hesitancy. Multivariate logistic regression was run to identify the predictors of measles vaccination uptake controlling for sociodemographic variables and the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CI were calculated. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was performed, besides area under the curve (AUC) for the PACV was computed. Data was collected from 495 participants. We found that measles vaccine hesitancy (PACV scores) predicted the uptake of measles vaccine after controlling other potential social confounders such as mother’s age and the number of children (aOR 1.055, 95% CI 1.028-1.028). Additionally, the ROC for the PACV yielded area under the curve (AUC 0.686 (95% CI 0.620-0.751, P <0.001). Our findings show that measles vaccine hesitancy in Sudan directly influences the uptake of the measles vaccine. Addressing the determinants of vaccine hesitancy through communication strategies will improve vaccine uptake.

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PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH SEHAT TATANAN RUMAH TANGGA DI DAERAH KEPULAUAN

Jurnal Ilmiah Sesebanua ◽

10.54484/jis.v4i2.379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 81-85

Author(s):

Mareike D. Patras ◽

Yeanneke L. Tinungki

Keyword(s):

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Living ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Life ◽

The Family ◽

Life Behavior ◽

Research Show

Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan cerminan pola hidup keluarga yang senantiasa memperhatikan dan menjaga kesehatan seluruh anggota keluarga. Semua perilaku kesehatan yang dilakukan atas kesadaran sehingga keluarga atau anggota keluarga dapat menolong dirinya sendiri dibidang kesehatan dan dapat berperan aktif dalam kegiatan-kegiatan dibidang kesehatan di masyarakat. Hal ini terjadi karena kurangnya perilaku hidup bersih sehat keluarga. Guna mencegah penyakit menular dan tidak menular, setiap anggota rumah tangga perlu diberdayakan,dalam melaksanakan 10 (sepuluh) indikator PHBS Pelaksanaan PHBS Kabupaten Sangihe tahun 2017 50,40%. Di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan Tengah 280 KK Keluarga yang di pantau ,yang ber PHBS 114 (40,2%). Tujuan penelitian ingin mengetahui Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Keluarga dengan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan rancangan Cross sectional study. Hasil penelitian tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan penerapan Perilaku hidup Bersih Sehat diperoleh nilai P yaitu = 0,171 >ᾳ 0,05 dan ada hubungan antara sikap dengan penerapan Perilaku hidup Bersih Sehat nilai p value 0,03 < ᾳ (0.05). Disarankan agar setiap anggota keluarga termotivasi melaksanakan 10 indikator PHBS Clean and Healty living behavior showed of fammily pattern live style in order to prevent infectious and non-communicable diseases, every member of the household needs to be empowered in implementing 10 (ten) indicators of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior. In 2017 the implementation in Sangihe District was 50.40%. The family monitored in Tabukan Selatan Tengah Subdistrict were 280 families, apply clean and healthy living behavior about 114 (40.2%). Method of those reaseach apply cross sectional study, design and the result of the research show that was not a relationship between knowledge and clean healthy life behavior with p value 0.016 <ᾳ (0.05) and those was a relationship between attitude and clean healthy lifestyle, p value 0.03 <ᾳ (0.05). The member of fammily incentive to motivate ten (10) standards of Clean Healty living behavior.

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Hubungan Pengetahuan, Keadaan Sosial Ekonomi Dan Tindakan Dengan Penanganan Sampah Rumah Tangga Di RT 01/RW 05 Kelurahan Klabulu Kota Sorong

GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE (GHS) ◽

10.33846/ghs6110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Febry Talakua

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Household Waste ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Family ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship

Garbage is one of the environmental problems that has long been a concern of the world and needs serious handling so as not to cause harmful impacts. The large pile of garbage will hurt health, the environment, and socio-economic. In Klabulu Village, some people use vacant land or roadside as a garbage dump. If household waste is not handled properly, during the rainy season the waste will be carried away by water and enter the ditch resulting in flooding. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, socio-economic conditions, and actions for handling household waste in RT 01/RW 05, Klabulu Village, Sorong City. This type of research was quantitative with a cross-sectional study design. The research was conducted in RT 01/RW 05, Klabulu Village, Sorong City in July-August 2020. The population of the study was 50 families. The sample was the head of the family as many as 50 people taken by total sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a confidence level of 0.05. The results showed that knowledge p-value 0.029

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COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among University Students in Lebanon

10.21203/rs.3.rs-725775/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mirna Bou Hamdan ◽

Shipra Singh ◽

Mounika Polavarapu ◽

Timothy Jordan ◽

Nada Melhem

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Reference Group ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

American University ◽

Residency Status ◽

Acceptance Rates ◽

Social Marketing Campaigns

Abstract Background Lebanon has one of the lowest reported COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates (21%). Little is known about the decision-making process of college students in Lebanon regarding obtaining a COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors that predicted the behavioral intentions of students enrolled at the American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods The study was a randomized, non-experimental, and cross-sectional study of undergraduate and graduate students. A valid and reliable survey was developed. A total of 3,805 students were randomly selected to participate from all academic units. A total of 800 students responded (21% return rate). Results We generated three groups based on students’ intentions to be vaccinated: 1) vaccine accepting (those who are willing to take or already took the vaccine); 2) vaccine hesitant (those who are hesitant to take the vaccine); and 3) vaccine resistant (those who decided not to take the vaccine). The majority were Lebanese (85%), undergraduate students (75%), females (57%) with a mean age of 21 ± 0.14 years. Overall, students were vaccine accepting. Specifically, they were vaccine accepting (87%), vaccine hesitant (10%), and vaccine resistant (3%). Vaccine hesitancy was significantly associated with nationality, residency status and university rank (p value < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant association between hesitancy and agreement with conspiracies. A significant factor for hesitancy was disagreement with the statement that symptomatic cases are the only carriers of COVID-19 (OR = 5; 95% CI = 1.67–14.29; p value = 0.004). Students believed that that the vaccine was safe (OR = 0.01; 95% CI = 0.002–0.08; p value = 0.000); in agreement with their personal views (OR = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.02–0.51; p value = 0.004) and were less likely to be hesitant than the vaccine accepting group (reference group). Conclusion The factors identified that explain and/or predict each of the three vaccine intention groups can be used as core content for health communication and social marketing campaigns to increase the rate of COVID-19 vaccination.

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THE AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS VACCINATION IN MAKKAH REGION, SAUDI ARABIA, 2019

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/11882 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 597-602

Author(s):

Ayman Bakr ◽

◽

Sarah Alhamyani ◽

Raghad Alqurashi ◽

Amal Alnemari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Parental Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

P Value ◽

Attitude Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

The Impact

In the last few years there have been a lot of argument and false accusations about vaccination, resulting in decrease the rate of vaccines uptake. Researches has shown that parents vaccines compliance are highly influence by many factors. This study aims to understand the reasons behind vaccine hesitancy and if the parents believe in the existence of the preventable diseases by vaccination? In this context, vaccine hesitancy defined as delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccinations. This was a cross- sectional study conducted across Makkah, Jeddah, and Taif city. An online survey was distributed in period between 1 September – 1 November targeting Saudi parents of all children under the age of 12 randomly. The survey included demographics data, parental knowledge and attitude, vaccine hesitancy prevalence. The sample size was 384. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the association between knowledge and awareness to vaccines uptake. Analysis of the responses demonstrate that 93.6% of the sample study favor of vaccines, 6.1% of the sample study not favor of vaccines because they dont have adequate knowledge on vaccines, 2.5% of them think that vaccines are not important, 3.8% of them think that vaccines can cause harmful effects over its benefits, 1.5% of them have previous bad experience regarding vaccination. We found significant relation between knowledge and attitude score to the education level with level of significance 95% (p-value <0.05).Risingthe society education can help in minimizing the impact of vaccine hesitancy problem.

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Prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in an urban area of West Bengal, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3443

Author(s):

Rajib Sikder ◽

Dipankar Mukherjee ◽

Ujjwal Pattanayak ◽

Kunal Kanti Majumdar ◽

Subha Sankha Kundu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Bengal ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

World Health ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Care Givers ◽

Health Organization

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccine services. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and factors associated and contributing to vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in Rajpur-Sonarpur municipalty of south 24 parganas, India.Methods: A cross‑sectional study was done among 352 children aged 0-59 months. Hesitancy to all childhood vaccination including the birth doses were observed. By simple random sampling ward no 8 was selected among the 37 wards of Rajpur-Sonarpur municipalty. All the vaccination center of ward no 8 on various vaccination days were covered from July 2019- December 2019. Data were collected at these vaccination centers by interviewing parents /associates of the children. Validated version of vaccine hesitancy survey questionnaire by the World Health Organization was used.Results: Vaccine hesitancy was present among 103 (29%) parents/relatives /associates of children. Delay was more common for measles and the booster doses of other vaccines. Reluctance to vaccinate was the most common reason (26.2%) for vaccine hesitancy. About 15(15.4%) parents reported to be unaware or confused of when to vaccinate their children. Improper counselling by health care givers, illness or irritability of the child were other causes.Conclusions: To avoid delay in vaccination weekly vaccination days were recommended. Community level campaigning and home visit of those eligible children to generate awareness about vaccination and to avoid reluctance in parents/associates of children were suggested.

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Socio-demographic Determinants of Vaccine Coverage for Pneumococcus and Rotavirus among under Five Children in Busolwe Town Council, Butaleja District, Eastern Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2019/v39i330209 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Brenda Wafana Nabwana ◽

Sylvia Sidney Namayanja ◽

Collette Kemigisha ◽

Erina Kisakye ◽

Amos Kuddiza Kusetula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Members ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Town Council ◽

Eastern Uganda

Background and Aims: There is a high burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in the children under five years of age, particularly pneumonia diarrhea and which is greatly affected by low immunization coverage despite the existing efforts and policies. This study was carried out in Butaleja district and was aimed at establishing the socio-demographic determinants of vaccine coverage for pneumococcus and rotavirus among under five children (U5C) in the district. Study Design: This was a mixed methods cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Busolwe Town Council, Butaleja District, Eastern Uganda. Methodology: Structured researcher administered questionnaires were administered to 434 caregivers of U5C in different parts of Butaleja district. In-depth interviews with key informants and focused group discussions with Village Health Teams and community members were conducted. Review of Health Management Information Systems records was done. STATA 15 was used to analyze the data. Results: The study found that there is a declining trend in completion of the doses of Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) and Rotavirus vaccine. For example, in quarter 1 of 2019, out of the 312 children who started immunization, only 2 completed Rota virus immunization and only 117 completed PCV vaccinations a trend that has been observed since 2016. The factors that showed a significant association with the the fact that they gave their child at least one dose of the vaccine were having been sensitized on the current immunisation schedule(P-value = <0.001), misunderstanding that vaccine is harmful for child (P-value = 0.007), willingness to take children to vaccination (P-value = <0.001), and social factors such as family (P-value = <0.030). Gender also played a key determinant role where the children’s fathers lacked knowledge on significance of immunization and thus discouraged the mothers from taking the children for immunization. Inadequate funding was also highlighted from the Focus Group Discussions. Conclusion: Vaccine coverage for pneumococcus and rotavirus is still low in Butaleja district mainly due to the attitudes and perceptions of caregivers as well as the knowledge gap. There is need for extensive sensitization of all community members to enable them understand the significance of immunization. It would further be important to increase the funding of the immunization programme to intensify and ensure effectual outreaches as well as the establishment and enforcement of a policy for immunization compliance.

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Factors affecting the choice of a future medical specialty of the junior doctors in a third world country

10.1101/2021.10.04.21264501 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahsan Tameez-ud-din ◽

Ifrah Javed Malik ◽

Asim Tameez Ud Din ◽

Farooq Mohyud Din

Keyword(s):

Significant Proportion ◽

Medical Specialty ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Junior Doctors ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Future ◽

Qualitative Variables

Background and Objective Pakistan is facing a major brain drain and as long as there is not a better understanding of the needs and desires of the junior doctors this exodus towards the greener pastures shall continue. This study is an effort to recognize the factors which influence the choice of a future specialty of young Pakistani doctors in order to help identify the areas which need improvement. Study design This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 12th May 2021 to 2nd August 2021. Young doctors who had completed their one-year internship in hospitals of Punjab were invited to fill the questionnaire via social media platforms. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Chi-square tests were applied for qualitative variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 105 participants 60 (57.1%) were females. More females as compared to males decided the future specialty based on work-life balance (20/27 p= 0.039). Internal medicine and general surgery were the most sought-after fields both before and after the internship. Forty-three (41%) participants wished to change their choice of specialty after their house job experiences. Fifty-eight (55.2%) participants considered the future prospects of the field while deciding their specialty while sixty-three (60%) reported the attitude of the senior doctors as an important deciding factor. The Covid-19 pandemic had an effect on 12 (11.4%) participants' decision regarding their choice of future specialty. Conclusion Many elements such as internship play a pivotal role in helping young doctors to narrow their choices. It is important to understand the factors considered by young doctors during their choice of a medical specialty to ensure that a significant proportion of the medical workforce does not slip through the cracks in our health infrastructure.

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