scholarly journals Unraveling Flooding Dynamics and Nutrients’ Controls upon Phytoplankton Functional Dynamics in Amazonian Floodplain Lakes

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Kraus ◽  
Marie-Paule Bonnet ◽  
Ina de Souza Nogueira ◽  
Maria Morais Pereira Souza Lobo ◽  
David da Motta Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Floodplain Lakes ◽  
Functional Dynamics ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

The processes in tropical floodplain lakes enable maintaining phytoplankton nutrient requirements over a hydrological year. The nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon compounds play an essential role in phytoplankton growth. However, the way that nutrients and phytoplankton interact and how this relationship varies seasonally in tropical freshwater ecosystems is not clear. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between phytoplankton–nutrients over the hydrological cycle in Amazonian floodplain lakes and verify if this relationship influences the biomass of cyanobacteria. We also check what factors linked to nutrients act in structuring phytoplankton community. Using the phytoplankton functional approach, we verified how their ability to respond to hydrological and environmental variations reflects the ecological conditions and investigated how these interactions work. The results show that the Amazonian floodplain lakes could maintain long-term nutrient enrichment status. The nutrients input conduces to cyanobacteria dominance, that allied to other factors, play an essential role in supporting the stability of the phytoplankton–nutrients relationship over the hydrological cycle.

Research on Uplink Semi-Persistent Scheduling in LTE System

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 1952-1956
Author(s):  
Ji Ke Gao ◽  
De Min Zhang ◽  
Fa Tang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Online Games ◽  
The Other ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Evolution System ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Collision Processes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Applications ◽  
The Relationship

In LTE(Long Term Evolution) system, scheduling plays an important role in the process of allocating resource. LTE system puts forward semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) for new applications such as VoIP(Voice on Internet Protocol) and online games. Considering the problem of resource collision in SPS HARQ(Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) process, we explore the relationship between uplink semi-persistent scheduling period and the number of semi-persistent transmissions, and propose two novel solutions. One is choosing specific uplink semi-persistent period for different uplink/downlink (UL/DL) configurations and the number of transmissions. The other is delaying collision processes for the configuration of small uplink period. The analysis proves that the two solutions can reduce the collision probability and improve the stability of LTE system.

Carcass additions increase juvenile salmonid growth, condition, and size in an interior Columbia River Basin tributary

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kaylor ◽  
Seth M. White ◽  
Edwin R. Sedell ◽  
Dana R. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Juvenile Salmonids ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
The Relationship

Numbers of anadromous fish returning to freshwater ecosystems have declined precipitously across much of western North America, reducing a potentially important resource subsidy for juvenile salmonids. We added carcasses to three sections of a Snake River tributary and assessed juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytcha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth, body condition, size, and diet responses in summer and early fall. Juvenile salmonids consumed an abundance of eggs and carcass tissue, which increased energy rations. Within 3 weeks of carcass additions, juvenile Chinook and steelhead growth rates were 1.1–5 and 6–23 times greater in treatment reaches relative to control reaches, respectively. We used long-term tagging and detection data from this system to assess the relationship between juvenile Chinook size and emigration survival for two different juvenile life histories. The increased growth rates and body size in response to carcass additions, coupled with a positive relationship between body size and survival, suggest that juvenile salmonid rearing productivity and emigration survival may be limited by depressed returns of anadromous fishes in this system and potentially other tributaries of the Columbia Basin.

Study on Evaluation System of the Agent’s Capability Structure of International Energy Cooperation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2488-2492
Author(s):  
Hong Li Yang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Xiao Li Guo
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Energy Cooperation ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Building Capability ◽  
Capability Evaluation ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Relationship

With the deepening of economic globalization, cooperation has become a mainstream trend, revealing the discipline of cooperation has become a key scientific issue. As a content of cooperation, international energy cooperation is a system of relations constituted by different energy cooperation agents, it reflects the composition of agents. Ability divergence and their capability system have an effect on the long-term stability and development of cooperation. Based on the theories, this paper put forward the main connotation of cooperation capacity structure, building capability evaluation system, clearing affect the stability of the key indicators of cooperation, exploring the relationship between cooperation agents’ capability structure and cooperative stability in order to study the whole process of international energy cooperation fluctuations trajectory.

scholarly journals Does ESG Affect the Stability of Dividend Policies in Europe?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8804
Author(s):  
Pedro Verga Matos ◽  
Victor Barros ◽  
Joaquim Miranda Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Dividend Payout ◽  
Dividend Policies ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Sustainability has become a significant issue for firms and investors throughout the world, although it cannot be attained if policies impact the stability of firms’ dividend policies. In this paper, we use data from the Stoxx Euro 600 firms from 2000 to 2019 and the ESG (environmental, social and governance) scores from Thomson Reuters to assess the relationship between ESG responsibility performances and the firm’s dividend policy. The results indicate that more sustainable firms exhibit a more stable dividend payout. This result is also valid when the ESG pillars are analysed, specifically, the environmental and governance pillars. The findings further suggest that higher ESG scores reveal better long-term alignment with shareholders and other stakeholders due to more proportionally stable profit sharing.

A Research on the Enhancing Vocational College Students’ Employment Stability by “7P” Orders Education Mode

2011 ◽  
Vol 271-273 ◽  
pp. 1219-1223
Author(s):  
Han Yu Guo ◽  
Xiu Juan Yan ◽  
Jian Feng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Career Planning ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Teaching Management ◽  
Employment Stability ◽  
Vocational College ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Vertical Development ◽  
The Relationship

Orders education enables students to adapt enterprise’s post request rapidly and smooth the students’ transition from student to worker. It plays a very important role in promoting the stability of employment. The “7P” mode proposes that seven principles should be followed in order education which involve the plasticity in the form of school-enterprise cooperation, the perspective in selecting students, the position-setting in organizing classes, the partialness in developing courses, the plan in teaching management, the expressiveness in evaluating and the professionalization in training teachers. At the same time, the relationship should be deal well with which including the long-term planning and recent development of colleges, the horizontal and vertical development of subjects, students’ skill training and career planning, quantity and quality. The paper is not only intended to promote the improvement and development of order education and improve the employment stability, but also contributes to the personnel training of higher education.

scholarly journals The stability and calibration of water vapor isotope ratio measurements during long-term deployments

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5425-5466 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bailey ◽  
D. Noone ◽  
M. Berkelhammer ◽  
H. C. Steen-Larsen ◽  
P. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Vapor Concentration ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. With the recent advent of commercial laser absorption spectrometers, field studies measuring stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in water vapor have proliferated. These pioneering analyses have provided invaluable feedback about best strategies for optimizing instrumental accuracy, yet questions still remain about instrument performance and calibration approaches for multi-year field deployments. With clear scientific potential for using these instruments to carry out long-term monitoring of the hydrological cycle, this study examines the long-term stability of the isotopic biases associated with three cavity-enhanced laser absorption spectrometers – calibrated with different systems and approaches – at two remote field sites: Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, USA, and Greenland Environmental Observatory, Summit, Greenland. The analysis pays particular attention to the stability of measurement dependencies on water vapor concentration and also evaluates whether these so-called concentration-dependences are sensitive to statistical curve-fitting choices or measurement hysteresis. The results suggest evidence of monthly-to-seasonal concentration-dependence variability – which likely stems from low signal-to-noise at the humidity-range extremes – but no long-term directional drift. At Mauna Loa, where the isotopic analyzer is calibrated by injection of liquid water standards into a vaporizer, the largest source of inaccuracy in characterizing the concentration-dependence stems from an insufficient density of calibration points at low humidity. In comparison, at Greenland, the largest source of inaccuracy is measurement hysteresis associated with interactions between the reference vapor, generated by a custom dew point generator (DPG), and the sample tubing. Nevertheless, prediction errors associated with correcting the concentration-dependence are small compared to total measurement uncertainty. At both sites, a dominant source of uncertainty is instrumental precision at low humidity, which cannot be reduced by improving calibration strategies. Challenges in monitoring long-term isotopic drift are also discussed in light of the different calibration systems evaluated.

scholarly journals The Impact of Government Spending on Economic Diversification for the Period (2004-2019) and its Reflection on the Path of Rehabilitation of the Iraqi Economy

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1186-1198
Author(s):  
Dr. Alyaa Hussain Khalaf ◽  
Ali Talib Hussain ◽  
Dr. Ammar Naeem Zghair
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Positive Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Ardl Model ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Investment Spending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The research aims to measure and analyze the relationship between government spending and economic diversification in Iraq for the period (2004-2019), using the ARDL model. The research concluded that there is a long-term positive equilibrium relationship between investment spending and economic diversification in Iraq. When investment spending increases by (1%), this will lead to an increase in economic diversification by (0.23%), assuming that operating spending is stable, and the opposite happens in the case of decline. In addition to the existence of a long-term inverse equilibrium relationship between operating spending and economic diversification in Iraq, as an increase in operating spending by (1%) will lead to a decrease in economic diversification by (0.73%), assuming the stability of investment spending, and the opposite will happen in the event of decline.

Does Diffusion Make an Institutionally Contested Practice Legitimate? Shareholder Responses to Downsizing in Japan, 1973–2005

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwook Jung ◽  
Eunmi Mun
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Japanese Firms ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Banks

Despite predictions to the contrary, institutionally contested practices are sometimes disseminated broadly. Does diffusion indicate they have achieved legitimacy in the eyes of key constituents? The conventional view regards diffusion as a process of legitimization and suggests that unconventional practices gain legitimacy following diffusion. Building on recent studies that view diffusion as an outcome of political struggle, we instead argue that political contestation ramps up as controversial practices are disseminated, making it difficult for them to gain wide acceptance. Their diffusion threatens the stability of preexisting institutional arrangements, and constituents who remain supportive of the status quo react negatively. We test our argument by examining shareholders’ response to downsizing in Japan, a practice that is highly controversial given the deeply entrenched norm of lifetime employment. Our analysis of panel data on 1,791 Japanese firms between 1973 and 2005 shows that neither domestic financial institutions nor foreign investors responded positively to downsizing as it became broadly disseminated. Domestic financial institutions actually responded in increasingly negative ways in the 1990s, while they did not in the 1970s when downsizing was conducted within the framework of the long-term relationship between Japanese firms and their main banks. These results suggest that the relationship between diffusion and legitimacy can be contingent, in that the diffusion of institutionally contested practices can trigger reactions that differ from those of institutionally supported practices.

scholarly journals The nature of the relationship between the money supply and inflation in the Jordanian economy (1980–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Atif Batarseh
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
General Level ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the money supply (M1) and inflation in the Jordanian economy during the period of 1980–2019.To achieve the goal of the study, the methodology of econometric analysis of time series was used through the following tests: Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test – to test the stability of the study variables, Johansen’s Cointegration Approach – to determine the long-term equilibrium relationship between the study variables, and the Granger Causality Test – to determine the direction of the causal relationship if it exists in the short term.The study results demonstrate that inflation has stabilized at the level, while the money supply M1 was unstable at the level and stabilized after taking the first difference. The Cointegration test results indicated that there was no causal link between the money supply M1 and inflation in the long term. Finally, the results of Granger Causality presented a unidirectional causality running from the money supply M1 to inflation in the short term, meaning that money supply causes inflation, not vice versa; this means that the money supply M1 can explain the changes that occur in the consumer price index (CPI) in the Jordanian economy.The study recommends that the monetary authority in Jordan should have greater control over the money supply due to its impact on the stability of the general level of prices, in order to avoid a repeat of the 1989 crisis represented by the sharp decline of the dinar exchange rate against other currencies and an increase in inflation that year to 25.6%.

scholarly journals Research on the Relationship between Business Cycle and Industrial Fluctuations in Northeast China Based on Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yinan Zhou ◽  
Guofeng Gu ◽  
Qiushuang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Secondary Industry ◽  
Adaptive Noise ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

The Chinese economy has developed rapidly since the reform and opening up, but economic growth in Northeast China has declined dramatically after the 21st century. In this context, exploring the characteristics of economic and industrial fluctuations in the northeast of China and their relationship is beneficial to alleviating economic fluctuations and promoting stable economic development from the perspective of industrial development. The relationship between economic and industrial fluctuations in the three provinces of Northeast China was reexamined from the angle of fluctuation components with the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) algorithm. The results obtained are as follows: (1) In the three northeastern provinces of China, economic fluctuations were almost free from the influence of the primary industry, most affected by the secondary industry, and gradually influenced by the tertiary industry after the 21st century. (2) Regarding the short-term business cycle of each province, economic development was the most stable when the market and government participated in the development of the secondary industry simultaneously. (3) The midterm business cycle of Jilin Province was affected by the investment of equipment in secondary and tertiary industries, while that of Liaoning Province was affected by the investment of equipment in the secondary industry. (4) Investment in the equipment of the secondary industry and the construction of secondary and tertiary industries was the key to maintaining the stability of long-term business cycle in Heilongjiang Province, and that in the construction of secondary and tertiary industries was the key to maintaining the stability of long-term business cycles in Jilin and Liaoning Provinces.

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