scholarly journals Is Climate or Direct Human Influence Responsible for Discharge Decrease in the Tunisian Merguellil Basin?

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2748
Author(s):  
Khaoula Khemiri ◽  
Sihem Jebari ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson ◽  
Khlifa Maalel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Ndvi Index ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Catchment Runoff

Climate change and direct anthropogenic impact are recognized as two major factors affecting catchment runoff. This study investigated the separate effect of each of these factors for runoff from the important Tunisian Merguellil catchment. For this purpose, more than forty years of hydrological data were used. The methodology was based on hydrological characterization, NDVI index to monitor land use dynamics, and the Budyko approach to specify origin of change. The results show that hydrological change is much more important upstream than downstream. The last three decades display a 40% reduction in runoff. This is associated with the direct influence of humans, who are responsible for about 78% of the variation in flow. It appears that climate change contributes to less than about 22%. The combination of increased cultivated land and decreased annual rainfall is the main reason for reduced catchment runoff. Consequently, these effects threaten the sustainable runoff, water in reservoirs, and future water supply in general. Ultimately, the available runoff remains an important parameter and a key indicator to guide the choices of decision-makers and practitioners in current and future climatic conditions. This contributes to supporting sustainable management of remaining water resources.

Improving sustainable cotton production through enhanced resilience to climate change using mutation breeding.

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Manzoor Hussain ◽  
Ljupcho Jankuloski ◽  
M. Habib-ur-Rahman ◽  
Massoud Malek ◽  
Md. Kamrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Cotton, being a leading commercial fibre crop, is grown on 20.5 million hectares in three major cotton-producing countries: China, India and Pakistan. Wide differences in yield per hectare exist among these countries and these are being aggravated by changing climate conditions, i.e. higher temperatures and significant seasonal and regional fluctuation in rainfall. Pakistan is one of the countries most affected by climate change. The disastrous effects of extreme periods of heat stress in cotton were very prominent in Pakistan during the growing seasons 2013-2014 (40-50% fruit abortion) and 2016-2017 (33% shortfall), which posed an alarming threat to the cotton-based economy of Pakistan. Poor resilience of the most commonly grown cotton varieties against extreme periods of heat stress are considered to be major factors for this drastic downfall in cotton production in Pakistan. Using the approach of induced mutation breeding, the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan, has demonstrated its capabilities in developing cotton mutants that can tolerate the changed climatic conditions and sustain high yields under contrasting environments. The results of studies on the phenological and physiological traits conferring heat tolerance are presented here for thermo-tolerant cotton mutants (NIAB-878, NIAB-545, NIAB-1048, NIAB-444, NIAB-1089, NIAB-1064, NIAB-1042) relative to FH-142 and FH-Lalazar. NIAB-878 excelled in heat tolerance by maintaining the highest anther dehiscence (82%) and minimum cell injury percentage (39%) along with maximum stomatal conductance (27.7 mmol CO2/m2/s), transpiration rate (6.89 μmol H2O/m2/s), net photosynthetic rate (44.6 mmol CO2/m2/s) and physiological water use efficiency (6.81 mmol CO2/μmol H2O) under the prevailing high temperatures.

scholarly journals Uncertainty under Climate Change: the Resource Cycle of Industry in Taiwan’s Offshore Islands

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 00015
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsuan Lan ◽  
Chang-Hsien Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Management Level ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Resource Cycle ◽  
Corporate Social

The annual rainfall in Taiwan is actually 2.6 times than the average number in the world. There are as many as 2,500 mm of rainfall per year, but because of the geographical and climatic conditions,which leads to the fact that even if the rainfall is abundant in Taiwan, the water consumption of the people living in the island area is really far below the global average. A large part of the rainfall follows violent rain caused by the deterioration of the environment. The delay of the rainy season and the increase of the intensity of the typhoon have caused to suffer from flooding every year in Taiwan.This study takes “WIND LION PLAZA “ as the object. How do private enterprises “Kinmen” in the offshore islands where resources are more scarce implement “water saving measures and resource reuse” promoted by the government? In addition, it also includes the purpose and expectation of the implementation of this policy by the enterprise. Furthermore, how to implement the resource cycle and the management level between the government and the enterprise is to achieve sustainable development of resources, and do corporate social responsibility to achieve sustainable development of resources.

Climate change and Disasters : Issues and concern of Proposed Sharda –Yamuna Link

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
Anjali Verma ◽  
M. Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Drought Disaster ◽  
Indian Meteorological Department ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
River Yamuna ◽  
National Perspective

Climate is a measure of changes in meteorological variables. Sudden changes arise due to increasing deforestation, pollution, population, depletion of natural resources, global warming and industrialization etc. Uneven monsoon and irregular rainfall distribution causes great variations in climatic conditions which cause disasters; drought and flood. During monsoon season, flood occurs in several river basins of U.P and U.K states. According to Indian Meteorological Department, the average annual rainfall in U.P and U.K is more than other states; 100-120 cm and 120-400 cm respectively. Uttarakhand is among one of the highest rainfall states of India. Sharda river; a tributary of river Ganga overflows many times, causes flood in surrounded regions. Sharda-Yamuna link (S-Y) is one of the proposed links of National Perspective Plan to minimize flood in U.P and U.K states and drought in western parts such as Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat of the country. Excess water will be transferred through S-Y link towards the drought regions of India. Approx 11,680 m3 of surplus water is estimated to transfer from river Sharda to river Yamuna to avoid flood in U.P and U.K states. The lining of the link passes through two states Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. The S-Y may also help in maintaining the water balance in its Enrouted and Command regions. This paper highlights the climate change, flood and drought disaster issues and role of proposed Sharda-Yamuna link.

scholarly journals Vulnerability Assessment for Sub Temperate Fruit Crops under Changing Climatic Conditions in North Western Himalayan Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Aditya . ◽  
Satish Kumar Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Fruit Growing

Climate change and its variability are posing the major challenges influencing the performance of agriculture including annual and perennial horticulture crops. Reduction in production of fruits is likely to be caused by short growing period, which will have negative impact on growth and development particularly due to terminal heat stress and decreased water availability. Hence, crop-based adaptation strategies are needed keeping in view the nature of crop, its sensitivity level and the agro-ecological region. The present investigation was conducted for major sub temperate fruit crops such as apricot, peach and plum in Himachal Pradesh. The investigation was carried out at different altitudinal gradients in fruit growing pockets of Solan district the state. The study was conducted to work out the relationship of weather parameters with phenological stages of major fruit crops and assessment of their vulnerability to climate change under selected altitudinal gradients. The average maximum and minimum temperature showed an increase since last thirty years at all major fruit growing areas, whereas, annual rainfall revealed an erratic trend. The fruit growing areas at 1000-1200 m amsl of Solan district obtained highest score (0.56) and were most vulnerable for stone fruit crops production while those at 1400-1600 m above mean sea level (amsl) were least vulnerable amongst the selected altitudes. To cope with climatic changes farmers have adopted various adaptation and mitigation strategies such as improved water conservation techniques, varietal shifts and crop diversification with other fruits like kiwi, pomegranate and vegetables in the region.

scholarly journals Physical Processes and Regularities Concerning the Volga River Basin Rivers Winter and Spring Runoff Formation in the Conditions of Climate Change

2012 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Moisture Migration ◽  
Volga River Basin ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spring Runoff ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Frost Penetration ◽  
Major Factors

On the basis of the years-long observations summing-up a mechanism of the climate change impact on the Volga basin rivers winter and spring runoff has been revealed. It has been stated that the major factors affecting the winter rivers’ runoff increase over the past decades are the following: average daily air temperature increase; frost penetration into soil and winter moisture migration to the frosty penetration front decrease; increase of fall runoff; as well as increase of the winter thaws number.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Farmers’ Perception towards Climate Change in Pokhara

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ananta Raj Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Century ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Disease Attack

Climate change is one of the major concerns among the researchers in twenty first century. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with farmers’ perception towards climate change in Pokhara. For this purpose, two wards of Pokhara i.e. ward no. 30 and ward no. 33 were selected purposively. Out of 3982 households in these wards, 216 households are proportionately distributed in these wards. Information was collected by using structured questionnaire through interview techniques with household head or a household member having age 40 years and over and residing in that locality since last 10 years. A systematic sampling technique was carried out to select the samples. Chi-squared test was applied to find the factors associated with farmers’ perception towards climate change. All the respondents were aware about the climate change and received information about climate change from radio, television, newspaper, peer groups. Majority of the respondents claim that climate change has been occurred in temperature, annual summer hotness, decrease in average annual rainfall, no change in average annual draught incidents, no change in flood incidents, no change in water availability to irrigate and increase in average number of pest and plant disease attack. It is found that there is significant association between farmer’s perception level towards climate change with agriculture skill of the respondents, caste/ethnicity, major occupation and sex. Hence agriculture skill, sex, caste/ethnicity and occupations of the respondents are the major factors associated with farmers’ perception towards climate change.

scholarly journals Water Balance of a Boreal Black Schist Heap Leach Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-768
Author(s):  
Antti Arpalahti ◽  
Mari Lundström
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Heap Leach ◽  
Black Schist

Abstract The current study presents the effect of process chemistry as well as climate conditions on the water balance of a heap leach operation for black-schist ore. The research is based on the actual water balance at the Terrafame (former Talvivaara) mine site in Finland during the years 2017 and 2018 (base case). In addition, scenarios with a deviation in climatic conditions (Antofagasta case), chemistry (non-heat generation case) and effects of climate change (RCP4.5 (representative concentration pathway) case and RCP8.5 case) were investigated. In the first case, the annual precipitation and evaporation were simulated for a highly arid climate such as in the Antofagasta Mountains, whereas in the second case, an assumption was made of no excess heat generation (exothermic reactions) in the heap reactions. The base case predicted a requirement of 9,000,000 m3 annual discharge of water from the site with the heaviest annual rainfall. The discharge requirement and therefore the water footprint of the plant was shown to be highly dependent on the climatic conditions, as the Antofagasta case predicted a discharge of water from the site as low as zero. Heat generation, typical of the reactions dominating in a boreal black-schist heap leach operation, was shown to be vital for water management operations and therefore discharge management in Nordic climatic conditions (the non-heat generation case), where the discharge requirement was shown to be nearly threefold compared to the base case (2018). If the black-schist ore body resided in Antofagasta, the freshwater consumption would be over eight times the current consumption in the base case in Finland. Climate change scenarios show that the changing climate would increase the range of variation but only increase the need for water discharge from the site by 5% in the wettest years, while raw water utilization would increase by 46 to 83% during the driest years. In general, the results highlight the issues related to the mass and energy balance of a heap leach nickel process, and therefore feasibility—showing that although the heat generation is ore- and process-specific, the water consumption as well as discharge to the surrounding environment is highly dependent on the climatic conditions (precipitation, temperature) in the geographical location.

scholarly journals Potential Global Distribution of Daktulosphaira vitifoliae under Climate Change Based on MaxEnt

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Wei Ji ◽  
Gary Gao ◽  
Jiufeng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Control And Management

Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, is a small, invasive, sap-sucking pest that is widely present in most viticulture regions all over the world. It is originally from North America and feeds on grapevine roots and leaves. In the current study, the potential distribution area of the leaf-feeding population was investigated with MaxEnt based on population occurrence data under different environmental variables. Results suggested that under current climatic conditions, Europe, East and North China, Japan, the Eastern USA, Uruguay, and the Southeast of South America are highly suitable areas for the occurrence of phylloxera leaf populations. The results showed that isothermality and precipitation of coldest quarter were major factors which contribute more than 60% of the model under current climate conditions. Our results provide important information for governmental decision makers and famers to develop control and management strategies against D. vitifoliae, and can also be used as a reference for studies on other invasive pest.

scholarly journals A Regional Comparison of Factors Affecting Global Sorghum Production: The Case of North America, Asia and Africa’s Sahel

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara W. Mundia ◽  
Silvia Secchi ◽  
Kofi Akamani ◽  
Guangxing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
Regional Comparison ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Growth Economic

Understanding the dynamics of food production is critical to improving food security. This is particularly important in regions that rely on subsistence agriculture with little adaptive capacity to climate change. Sorghum plays an important role in food security in some of the poorest parts of the world. This article reviews the literature to identify and examine the major factors affecting sorghum production in three major production regions. Factors were not categorized ex ante but rather determined from the review. Ten major factors were identified as having notable impacts on sorghum production: climate change, population growth/economic development, non-food demand, agricultural inputs, demand for other crops, agricultural resources scarcity, biodiversity, cultural influence, price and armed conflict. This synthesis revealed that (1) multiple factors simultaneously affect sorghum production; (2) the effect of each factor is greatly influenced by the magnitude and certainty of one or more other factors; and, (3) factors differ in relevance and degree with regard to geography. Generally, improved agricultural inputs, population growth/economic development and climate change have substantial influence on sorghum production. However, local dynamics likely go beyond these broad trends and more exhaustive, locally-focused studies are needed for actionable planning purposes.

Assessment of the status and viability of a population of moose (Alces alces) at its southern range limit in Ontario

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Murray ◽  
Karen F. Hussey ◽  
Laura A. Finnegan ◽  
Stacey J. Lowe ◽  
Glynis N. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Status

Factors affecting the distribution and abundance of animals are of substantial interest, and across most of their southern range, populations of moose ( Alces alces (L., 1758)) are declining, presumably because of climate change. Conditions favouring moose population decline versus numerical increase in select areas of the range are not well understood. During 2006–2009, we tested the hypothesis that moose in southern Ontario formed a viable population near the species’ southern range limit, despite occurrence of climate patterns apparently deleterious for population growth. Our study upheld each of our predictions: (i) high pregnancy rate (83.0%) and annual female survival rate (0.899 (0.859, 0.941; 95% CI)), indicating that the population was increasing (λ = 1.16); (ii) female moose having blood-based condition indices within normal range, despite larger than expected home-range size; and (iii) levels of genetic differentiation indicating that the population was part of a larger metapopulation of moose in the region. We surmise that moose in southern Ontario currently are not subject to the prevalent continental decline, likely owing to favourable site-specific climatic conditions. Future research should elaborate on why select southern moose populations are increasing and whether they will ultimately succumb to die off as effects of climate change become increasingly pronounced.

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