scholarly journals Health Effects of Dyes, Minerals, and Vitamins Used in Cosmetics

Women ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
Eliza Wargala ◽  
Martyna Sławska ◽  
Agnieszka Zalewska ◽  
Magdalena Toporowska
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect

The average woman uses 12 different cosmetic products every day, but they can have a negative effect on human health. Therefore, in recent years, consumer preferences have changed towards buying natural or ecological cosmetics free from preservatives or unnecessary dyes. The aim of this work is to discuss the use of dyes, minerals, and vitamins in cosmetics in terms of their safety and impact on human health. These substances are very important in the cosmetics industry. Most of them are of natural origin. Some minerals used in the production of face masks or creams are recommended to work against inflammations such as ulcers and acne. Clay minerals have exceptional qualities, among others, low or no toxicity and high bio-compatibility. However, some of them may be harmful. For example, the safety of using talc has been widely debated in recent years. Cosmetic-grade talc cannot contain detectable fibrous asbestos minerals. Moreover, talc should not be applied to the skin when the epidermal barrier is missing or significantly disrupted. The use of talc in cosmetic products in the European Union is restricted. Vitamins are one of the most commonly used, biologically active, and easily accessible components in cosmetics. For example, provitamin B5 (D-panthenol) is a bioactive substance. In cosmetic preparations, it has a softening, repairing, and anti-inflammatory effect and is responsible for regulating sebum secretion. However, some vitamins may be harmful to human health. For example, the use of skin-whitening cosmetics containing vitamin C causes allergic contact dermatitis, whereas the most common adverse effect of topical use of vitamin A is skin irritation, erythema, and peeling. Dyes, which are used to color cosmetics, do not improve the condition of the skin, hair, or nails. Some of them may be harmful to human health. For example, the dye CI 60730 (Acid Violet 43) is prohibited for use in eye products and cosmetics that have contact with mucous membranes. In conclusion, some of the popular cosmetic ingredients discussed in this paper may exert a negative influence on human health, and many of these harmful effects have been discovered recently. Therefore, there is a need for further studies on the possible negative effects of dyes, minerals, and vitamins used in cosmetic products.

scholarly journals ГИС-ПОДХОД ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ОБЫЧНЫХ И СДВОЕННЫХ КОЛЕС НА ТВЕРДОСТЬ ПОЧВЫ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 73-100
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Surface Character ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Negative Effect

<p>GIS-APPROACH application has allowed establishing that usual wheels of machine-tractor units carry out considerable influence on soil which exceeds visible borders of a track of wheels on the dimensions. This influence shows in augmentation of soil penetration resistance at 100-155 % in comparison with the control on depth of 0-10 cm and on 20-30 % on depth of 45-50 %. It is impossible to exclude that influence of wheels proceeds more deeply, than tests have been conducted. Critical for cultivated plants value of soil penetration resistance in 3 MPa under the influence of usual wheels of agricultural machinery comes nearer practically to a surface. Character of profile changes of hardness in various regions influences of wheels allows assuming the long season of a relaxation of soil for achievement of background values of soil penetration resistance. The further researches are necessary for an establishment of concrete indicators of dynamics. Negative influence of an overstocking does not confine only deterioration of conditions of growth of assemblages of rootlets of plants. Infringement of processes of moving of moisture in the soil, the accelerated evaporation and the slowed down processes of a filtration and an infiltration, destruction of modular frame, activization of erosive processes is possible. The understanding of these processes will give the chance volume understanding of real influence of running systems of machine-tractor devices on bedrock. Region intensive influence of dual wheels is circumscribed by the top soil layers (0-15 cm). The major feature of influence of dual wheels is absence of an overstocking above critical levels. It is impossible to exclude possible positive influence of moderate inspissations of soil under the influence of dual wheels for growth of agricultural crops and moisture conservation in soil. The cumulative negative effect on soil crossed vehicles traces is probable. The long season of a relaxation of soil after anthropogenic transformation can create a network of traces of vehicles in the field. In region crossings of traces negative effects considerably increase.</p> <p><em>Keywords: hardness of bedrock, GIS-TECHNOLOGY, technique influence</em></p>

scholarly journals MODELING OF THE EXPRESS DIAGNOSTIC METHOD OF THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF SMOKING AS A MANAGED PROCESS IN THE PRACTICE OF A DENTIST

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Elovicova ◽  
V. Karaseva ◽  
Vera Molvinskikh ◽  
Yana Skurihina ◽  
Anatoly Koshchev
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Diagnostic Signs

Subject. Tobacco smoking is a common bad habit in the world. The problem of smoking affects not only social, but also medical, including dental, aspects. The irritating effect of nicotine on the oral mucosa and salivary glands leads to the development of stomatitis, xerostomia and halitosis. Prevention of diseases of the oral cavity of smokers has its own characteristics in connection with changes in plaque and oral fluid. The article presents the experience of rapid diagnostics of the negative effects of smoking as a controlled process in the practice of a dentist. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of rapid diagnosis in chronic smokers based on a statistical analysis of the type of microcrystallization of mixed saliva (CC). Methodology. A clinical examination of the oral cavity of 120 volunteers (58 women and 62 men) aged 18 to 44 years (average age — 22.50 ± 2.59 years) was conducted. The main group of smokers included 75 people, the comparison group (non-smoking volunteers) — 45. SS sampling and statistical analysis of microcrystallization types in smokers and non-smokers were performed twice: before and 15 minutes after smoking. Results. The appearance of pathological morphotypes of microcrystallization SS indicates the negative effect of tobacco smoking on oral fluid. Data were obtained on the deterioration of the function of saliva in smokers, which creates the conditions for enhancing pathological processes in the oral cavity. Conclusions. Smoking negatively affects the morphological picture — the microcrystalline structure of the SS. Structural changes in crystallized SS can serve as diagnostic signs of diseases and can be used in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases of the oral organs during smoking.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Tax Avoidance dan Komisaris Independen Terhadap Cost of debt dengan Transparansi Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Ba'diyatul Musrifa
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Difference Test

This study aims to examine the effect of tax avoidance and independent commissioners on csot of debt with company transparency as a moderating variable. The sample used in this study is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) 2015-2019. Samples were taken using purposive sammpling and obtained 44 companies. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis and absolute difference test. The results of this study indicate that tax avoidance has a negative effect on cost of debt. Independent commissioner has no negative effect on cost of debt. Company transparency is able to weaken the negative effects of tax avoidance. Company transparency is able to weaken the negative influence of independent commissioners. Keywords: Tax avoidance, independent commissioner, cost of debt, company transparency

scholarly journals Harmonization of the National Legislation on Cosmetic Products in the Context of the Standardization of the European Legislation in the Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Cristina-Luiza Erimia
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Alternative Testing ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Eu

Considering the concern of the European Union to implement an internal market for cosmetic products which also ensures a high level of human health protection and that cosmetics is one of the industrial activities in the EU affected by counterfeiting, which may increase the risks to human health, this article examines how European horizontal legislation is implemented in national law. This article aims to present the legal instruments created at EU level to consolidate the safety of cosmetic products and to strengthen the surveillance of the cosmetic products introduced on the market, but also to protect consumers, taking into account that in order to ensure an effective control of the market it is necessary to have a high degree of administrative cooperation between the competent authorities of the Member States. Moreover, the article aims to present the active role undertaken by the cosmetics industry in developing alternative testing methods within the Horizon 2020 Programme.

scholarly journals Physical exercises and fat burners – the easy road to severe consequences?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 00049
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Shuvalova ◽  
Gerold Drandrov ◽  
Svetlana Lezhenina ◽  
Antonina Karpunina ◽  
Yuvenali Igonin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Glycemic Profile ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Total Body

The aim of the study is to identify the features of the regular aerobic exercise effect, dietary diet with the intake of dietary supplements with plant components, intended for weight loss, on the reduction of body weight, fat mass, and glycemic profile of overweight women. The article presents the results of two groups of women (22 people in each) in a three-month physical fitness program to reduce excess weight, including regular exercise and adherence to dietary nutrition. Women of the first group additionally took an active substance for weight loss, containing a mixture of carnitine, chromium, arginine and guarana, green tea, citrus fruits and willow extract, women of the second group without placebo. It was found that participation in the program led to approximately the same reduction in body weight, BMI, total body fat, visceral fat and waist circumference in women of both groups. The use of a dietary supplement (fat burner) had a negative effect on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. We attribute this result to the presence of caffeine and an especially inappropriate combination of substances in the mixture. The negative influence of a fat burner on carbohydrate metabolism revealed by us in the process of physical culture and health-improving fitness must be taken into account when organizing sports nutrition with the use of biologically active additives.

SCREENING AND STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF MEANS FOR REDUCING THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF ECOTOXICANTS ON ANIMAL BODY.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
G. I. Pavlenko ◽  
◽  
N. S. Pavlova ◽  
D. A. Drozdov ◽  
N. A. Brichko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effect ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Negative Effect

The search for drugs to reduce the negative effects of ecotoxicants on the body of laboratory animals was conducted. Hemovit-meyan, solvimine selenium, ecostimul-2, miksovit A and elvestin have been tested. The use of these drugs reduced the negative effect of ecotoxicants, normalized some indicators, but did not give complete detoxification of the animal body. On the basis of the obtained results, it is concluded that it is reasonable to use a complex of preparations and feed additives with different mechanisms of protective action.

Olejki eteryczne jako produkty kosmetyczne okiem toksykologa i safety assessora

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Jurowski ◽  
Wojciech Piekoszewski
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Hydrocarbon Solvents ◽  
European Union Countries

Essential oils are becoming more and moreincreasingly popular in medicine, pharmacy and cosmetology. Due to their natural origin, they are generally considered to be completely safe, however ‘natural’ does not always mean safe. It should be noted that they may contain highlyvery active biologically active compounds, and that during their acquisition, chemical compounds used for their depletion (hydrocarbon solvents) may remain in them. Moreover, most of essential oils are very harmful for skin, whichat is manifestsing as allergies. Currently, there is still fashion for aromatherapy and the use of essential oils are commonly used in cosmetology because they havedue to their many multiple applications. This paper presents basic information on oils, toxicological characteristics of selected oils from toxicological point of view and selected topics aboutaspects regarding the safety assessment of essential oils as cosmetic products in the pure form. This is a very popular common and important problem (not only in Poland), however safety assessment is often mistakenly evaluated. The work further includes law requirements and recommendations on essential oils as cosmetic products with reference to the European Union countries.

scholarly journals OPEN BANKING AND COMPETITION: AN INTRICATE RELATIONSHIP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Palmieri ◽  
Blerina Nazeraj
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Long Run

Open banking – promoted in the European Union by the access to account rule contained in the Directive (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market (PSD2) – is supposed to enhance consumer’s welfare and to foster competition. However, many observers are fearful about the negative effects of the entry into the market of the so-called BigTech giants. Unless incumbent banks are able to rise above the technological challenges, the risk is that, in the long run, BigTech firms could dominate the market, by virtue of their great ability to collect data on consumer preferences, and to process them with sophisticated tools, such as Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques; not to mention the possible benefits arising from the cross-subsidisation. This paper aims at analysing the controversial relationship between open banking and competition. In this framework, many aspects must be clarified, such as the definition of the relevant markets; the identification of the dominant entities; the relationship with the essential facility doctrine. The specific competition problems encountered in the financial sector need to be inscribed in the context of the more general debate around access to data in the digital sphere. The evolving scenario poses a serious challenge to regulators, calling them to strike the right balance between fostering innovation and preserving financial stability. The appraisal intends not only to cover EU law and policy, but also to make a comparison with other legal systems. In this respect, something noteworthy is taking place in the United States where, as of today, consumers’ access to financial data sharing has been largely dependent on private-sector efforts. Indeed, Section 1033 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (passed in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008) provides that, subject to rules prescribed by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (CFPB), a consumer financial services provider must make available to a consumer information, in its control or possession, concerning the consumer financial product or service that the consumer obtained from the provider. This provision, which dates back to 2010, has never been implemented. However, on 22 October 2020, the CFBP has announced its intention to regulate open banking, issuing an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking. In light of their investigation, the authors advocate the adaptation of the current strategies to the modified conditions and, in some instances, the creation of novel mechanisms, more suitable to face unprecedented threats.

scholarly journals Oczekiwania konsumentów wobec innowacyjnych produktów żywnościowych pochodzenia zwierzęcego

2016 ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Anna Olewnik-Mikołajewska ◽  
Krystyna Gutkowska ◽  
Iwona Kowalczuk ◽  
Marta Sajdakowska ◽  
Sylwia Żakowska-Biemans
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
New Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Food Market ◽  
High Level

The modern food market is characterized by very dynamic changes of its offer trying to meet the diverse and changing consumer preferences. At the same time, it is noted that among many new products on the market, there are some that exist longer, and others that do not, while the time of new products existing is determined mainly by the consumer acceptance. On the basis of both qualitative and quantitative data, it could be stated that consumers have relatively high level of acceptance of majority of the new food products of animal origin. However, higher consumer acceptance is stated for content modifications associated with reduction of components, which may have a negative effect on human health, whereas food products enrichment, even if associated with a positive impact on human health, was less accepted by consumers. The acceptance level of innovations in food products of animal origin depends on sociodemographic characteristics of consumers. Moreover, the level of acceptance is associated with innovators profile.

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