scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Temperaments of Charolais and Hungarian Grey Steers

2004 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
János Tőzsér ◽  
Andrea Szentléleki ◽  
Rita Zándoki ◽  
Katalin Maros ◽  
Zoltán Domokos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Score System ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speed Score ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Set Distance

Animal breeding increasingly lays claim to the theoretical and practical knowledge of applied ethology. The authors’ aim was to evaluate and compare the temperaments of Charolais (CH, n= 10) and Hungarian Grey (HG, n= 10) steers, and also to determine the correlation between their temperament scores and flight speed scores. Temperament was evaluated by the results of the scale test (assessing of behaviour in a 1-5 score system, while the animal is standing on a scale for 30 seconds) and flight speed test (minutes it takes the animal to move a set distance of 1.7 m when leaving the scale), on three occasions (1, 2, 3). Data management was done by SPSS.10 (ANOVA, Mann-Whitney-test, Spearman-correlation). Results of the scale test differed significantly between breeds at the third measurement (CH: 2,9 scores; HG: 1,4 scores; P<0,01) and when evaluating the three measurements together (CH: 2,0 scores; HG: 1,37 scores; P<0,05). Concerning of flight speed score, there were significant differences between breeds of steers at each measurement (1. measurement CH: 2,77 s; HG: 4,09 s; P<0,05; 2. measurement CH: 2,89 s; HG: 5,01 s; P<0,01; 3. measurement CH: 2,46 s; HG: 5,33 s; P<0,01) and overall (CH: 2,71 s; HG: 4,81 s; P<0,001). In the case of both breeds, evaluated by measurements and overall, a negative correlation was calculated between temperament score and flight speed score, but this was significant only in three cases: CH1 (n=10) r= -0,75; P<0,01; CH1+2+3 (n=30) r= -0,44; P<0,05; CH+HG1+2+3 (n=60) r= -0,33; P<0,01). Results indicate that Hungarian Grey steers are calmer than individuals of Charolais. Animals behaving calmer on the scale left the scale, more slowly. The authors propose the use of these temperament tests in Hungarian breeding practice, in order to select too temperament animals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of temperament tests in beef steers

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
János Tőzsér ◽  
Andrea Szentléleki ◽  
Rita Zándoki ◽  
Katalin Maros ◽  
Zoltán Domokos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flight Speed ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Set Distance

The aim of the study was to evaluate three times repetited measurements of the beef steers temperament using of the Scale Test (1–5 score from docile to wild) and the Flight Speed Test (the time taken to cover a set distance of 1.7 m after leaving the weight scale in tenths of a second). Ten Charolais and 10 Hungarian Grey steers were used. At the start of testing, the Charolais and Hungarian Grey steers aged 446 and 487 days, respectively, while the following measurements were realized at their average age of 553 and 594 days, respectively and of 713 and 754 days, respectively. The mean temperament scores revealed that temperament was fairly consistent in Hungarian Grey steers (1.3–1.4–1.4) and it worsened in Charolais ones only on the third measurement (1.6–1.5–2.5). Flight speed varied non-significantly in Charolais (2.77–2.89–2.46 s) and in Hungarian Grey (4.09–5.01–5.33 s) steers either through the study. In our opinion, the successive use of the Scale Test and the Flight Speed Test can offer a more reliable measure of cattle temperament when the sample is small.

Cage size and flight speed of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (8) ◽  
pp. 1665-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Stevenson ◽  
K Corbo ◽  
L Baca ◽  
Q Le
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Cube Root ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Allometric Analysis ◽  
Size Limits ◽  
Chamber Size

Flight speeds and behaviors of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta were recorded in chambers of four different sizes (0.57, 8.5, 44 and 447 m3). Mean horizontal speed increased linearly with the cube root of chamber volume from 0.57 m s-1 in the smallest chamber to 3.4 m s-1 in the largest. The maximum horizontal speed observed was 5.3 m s-1 in the largest chamber. Speeds decreased linearly with the logarithm of hawkmoth proximity to the wall. In a tunnel chamber (the third largest), moths often flew in a scalloped-shaped path. At the top of the scallop, they glided for 1&shy;5 wing beats. In the largest chamber, moths could be recorded flying at angles other than horizontal (0 &deg;). At flight angles greater or less than 0 &deg;, mean speed decreased linearly with angle until &plusmn;40 &deg;. At greater angles, speeds remained between 1 and 2 m s-1. Moths also flew closer to the wall at flight angles deviating from the horizontal. An allometric analysis of the flight speeds of insects and birds suggests that M. sexta may be able to fly at 7&shy;10 m s-1. We conclude that chamber size limits the flight speed and modifies the flight behavior of the tobacco hawkmoth.

scholarly journals Viability of gait speed test in hospitalized elderly patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Prata Martinez ◽  
Anne Karine Menezes Santos Batista ◽  
Isis Resende Ramos ◽  
Júlio Cesar Dantas ◽  
Isabela Barboza Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hospitalized Elderly ◽  
Hospitalized Elderly Patients

ABSTRACT Objective: The gait speed test (GST) is a physical test that can predict falls and aid in the diagnosis of sarcopenia in the elderly. However, to our knowledge, there have been no studies evaluating its reproducibility in hospitalized elderly patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and reproducibility of the six-meter GST (6GST) in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods: This repeated measures study involved hospitalized elderly patients (≥ 60 years of age) who underwent the 6GST by the fifth day of hospitalization, were able to walk without assistance, and presented no signs of dyspnea or pain that would prevent them from performing the test. The 6GST was performed three times in sequence, with a rest period between each test, in a level corridor. Gait speed was measured in meters/second. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing the means, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: We evaluated 110 elderly patients in a total of 330 tests. All participants completed all of the tests. The comparisons between the speeds obtained during the three tests showed high ICCs and a low mean bias (Bland-Altman plots). The correlation and accuracy were greatest when the mean maximum speed was compared with that obtained in the third test (1.26 ± 0.44 m/s vs. 1.22 ± 0.44 m/s; ICC = 0.99; p = 0.001; mean bias = 0.04; and limits of agreement = −0.27 to 0.15). Conclusions: The 6GST was proven to be safe and to have good reproducibility in this sample of hospitalized elderly patients. The third measurement seems to correspond to the maximum speed, since the first two measurements underestimated the actual performance.

The comparative evaluation of the neurosurgery books used in Poland - theoretical foundation and study results

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pawlicka ◽  
Renata Tomaszewska ◽  
Wojciech Smuczyński ◽  
Maciej Śniegocki
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Textbook Evaluation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World

Abstract • Background: The aim of the study was to carry out comparative evaluation of the books used in Poland for teaching neurosurgery to undergraduates, and find the most valuable one. Comparative textbook evaluation has not been of great scientific interest in the country yet. • Methods: Based on the textbook functions theory and textbook evaluation forms created by other researchers, an entirely new textbook evaluation tool was created. The form checks if the desired functions are performed in a textbook. The tool was used to evaluate the books selected for the study. Altogether, there were 9 neurosurgery books and 3 reference books of different fields. Then, the study results were compared with the list of the books found valuable by several neurosurgery-teaching institutions in the world. • Results: It turned out that the best textbook amongst the studied ones was ‘Handbook of Neurosurgery’ by Greenberg. Schirmer’s ‘Neurochirurgie’ came second. ‘Zarys Neurochirurgii’ by Ząbek, which was the third best book, proved to be the most valuable textbook amongst the ones written by Polish authors. • Conclusions: Although Greenberg’s book scored the highest in the evaluation process and is the textbook that institutions choose and recommend the most often, there is still a lot to be done in order to make it serve all the desired textbook functions well. If the Polish neurosurgery textbooks were re-issued and modernised, they could compete with the most valued foreign books.

Relationships between exercise capacity and front hoof longitudinal balance in horses

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Tacchio ◽  
HMS Davies ◽  
M Morgante ◽  
D Bernardini
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Dorsal Cortex ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Centre Of Rotation ◽  
Relative Change

AbstractTo the authors' knowledge, the effect of hoof balance alteration on exercise capacity or performance has not been investigated. With the aim of evaluating the relationships between longitudinal front hoof balance and exercise capacity (lactate vs. speed relationship, run time and stride characteristics), two experiments were undertaken. In the first test the horses, left unshod, performed an incremental speed test in which parameters chosen to evaluate exercise capacity were related to hoof longitudinal balance. In the second part of the study the same group of horses had the length of the toe altered (decreased and increased) with the application of shoes, while the angle of the foot and the height of the foot from the ground remained the same. The relative change in exercise capacity due to the alteration of longitudinal balance was observed. In the unshod experiment, lactate level at the speed of 10 ms-1 (5.0±2.0 mmoll-1) was significantly associated with the angles DC° (angle described by the dorsal cortex with respect to the ground; 50.0±3.2°) and PC° (angle described by the palmar cortex with respect to the ground; 29.6 ± 2.9°), while run time (14.07 ± 1.44 min) was associated with breakover indices (Breakover index1 0.33±0.03; Breakover index2 0.30 ± 0.04 – all values mean ± standard deviation (SD)) (breakover indices were created to express the distance between the point of the toe and the point of the third phalanx relative to the length of the palmar cortex or relative to the distance between the point of the third phalanx and the centre of rotation of the distal interphalangeal joint). These associations have to be judged cautiously because the influence of hoof balance on exercise capacity could be biased by other physiological factors and because hoof balance parameters themselves could reflect the conformation of other anatomical structures far from the phalanges. The selective alteration of front hoof balance in the second part of the study produced a significant difference in blood lactate level only at 6 ms-1 (mean ± SD: La6?m?s-1 0.32 ± 0.39 mmoll-1), with this benefit in terms of lactate level being associated with an increase in stride length (mean ± SD: ΔSL6ms-1 0.01 ± 0.05 m; ΔSL10ms-1 0.112 ± 0.218 m). In conclusion, while higher exercise capacity seemed to be associated with lower DC°, PC° and breakover indices, decreasing the toe length without altering the foot angle was beneficial only in terms of lactate level at the speed of 6 ms-1 for horses with DC° greater than 45°; this benefit was accompanied by a slight lengthening of the stride at both 6 and 10 ms-1.

Genetics of flight time and other measures of temperament and their value as selection criteria for improving meat quality traits in tropically adapted breeds of beef cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meridy J. Kadel ◽  
David J. Johnston ◽  
Heather M. Burrow ◽  
Hans-U. Graser ◽  
Drewe M. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Speed Score

Flight time, an objective measure of temperament, was recorded in 3594 Brahman, Belmont Red, and Santa Gertrudis heifers and steers. Two subjective measures of temperament (crush score and flight speed score) were also available for over 2000 of these animals. Temperament measures were recorded post-weaning (average age 8 months) and again at the start of finishing (average age 19 months) on a subset of the animals. Nine meat quality traits were measured on these animals and included measures on 2 different muscles [M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and M. semitendinosus (ST)]. The heritability of flight time measured post-weaning and at the start of finishing was 0.30 and 0.34, respectively, with a repeatability of 0.46 across the measurement times. Heritabilities for scored temperament traits were 0.21, 0.19, and 0.15 for post-weaning flight speed score, post-weaning crush score, and start of finishing crush score, respectively. Genetic correlations across measurement times for flight time were 0.98 and 0.96 for crush score, indicating a strong underlying genetic basis of these temperament measures over time; however, the corresponding phenotypic correlations were lower (0.48 and 0.37, respectively). Longer flight times (i.e. better temperament) were genetically correlated with improved tenderness (i.e. lower shear force and higher tenderness scores), with genetic correlations of –0.42 and 0.33 between LTL shear force, and Meat Standards Australia (MSA) tenderness, respectively. Genetic correlations between post-weaning crush score and the same meat quality traits were 0.39 and –0.47, respectively. However, genetic and phenotypic correlations between measures of temperament and other meat quality traits were generally low, with the exception of crush scores with LTL Minolta a* value (–0.37 and –0.63 for post-weaning and start of finishing measurement time, respectively). Predicted correlated responses of –0.17 kg LTL shear force and 2.6 MSA tenderness points per generation were predicted based on the genetic parameter estimates and a recording regime of both flight time and crush scores. Selection based on the measures of temperament described in this study could be used to improve temperament itself and correlated improvements can also occur in meat tenderness and eating quality traits in tropically adapted breeds of cattle.

scholarly journals Hubungan Paritas Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III Dalam Menghadapi Persalinan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Triatmi Andri Yanuarini ◽  
Dwi Estuning Rahayu ◽  
Hanna Salehtra Hardiati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Quota Sampling

At each stage of pregnancy , pregnant women will experience different psychological processes . In the third trimester approaching delivery day there will be a new turmoil to deal with childbirth . With the approach of the time of delivery , a mother haunted by face anxiety the birth process . Birth experience is different from one woman to another , as well as between the first delivery with the next labor in women at the same or different women. Psychological changes dealing  labor influenced by several factors , one of which is a factor that can be determined prior experience of parity . The purpose of this study was to determine is there a relationship between parity with the level of anxiety in the third trimester pregnant women facing childbirth . This study uses cross-sectional correlation research design . The sample used by 30 respondents  third trimester pregnant women with quota sampling technique . While the variables studied were parity using parity data collection table and anxiety levels using a questionnaire ( Scale HARS ) . The data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test with 95% confidence intervals . From the results of the study found the majority of respondents nullipara status ( 43.33 % ) and their level of anxiety experienced third trimester pregnant women were mostly anxiety ( 43.33 % ) . After analysis of data by using the Spearman correlation test results obtained by the relationship between parity with the level of anxiety in the third trimester pregnant women facing childbirth.

scholarly journals Kan en felles læringsarena gi sykepleiestudenter økt klinisk kompetanse?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henny ◽  
Rigmor Hammer ◽  
Bente Skagøy ◽  
Ingunn Remen Nesje ◽  
June Pettersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Clinical Competence ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Practical Nurse ◽  
Preparedness For Practice ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Common Learning

Studiens hensikt var å finne ut om samarbeidsdager mellom studenter, praksisveiledere og praksislærere kan gi læring som har betydning for studentenes utvikling av klinisk kompetanse. Stedet, rommet og sosiale samspill har betydning for læreprosesser, ifølge Etienne Wenger og Kari Martinsen. «Det tredje rommet» er brukt som en metafor om rommet der mennesker med kompetanse i teoretisk kunnskap og praksiskunnskap møtes sammen med studenter. Samarbeidsdager mellom studenter, praksisveiledere og praksislærere ble gjennomført for fire andreårs studentgrupper (N=23). Fokusgruppeintervju ble brukt for å samle inn data. De transkriberte intervjuene ble analysert gjennom meningsfortetning basert på Amedeo Giorgis fenomenologiske analysemetode. Essensen fra studentenes erfaringer fra samarbeidsdagene er at «Det tredje rommet» er en trygg arena der studentenes kliniske kompetanse ble stimulert og økt. Fire temaer beskriver studentenes erfaring: praksisforberedthet, trygghet, refleksjon og samarbeidslæring. Et styrket samarbeid mellom akademia og helseforetak gjennom arbeidsfellesskap i «Det tredje rommet» kan fremme sykepleiestudenters læring. Abstract Is a common learning arena a "Room of Possibility” that gives nursing students increased clinical competence? The aim of the study was to find out whether collaboration days between students, practice supervisors and nurse teachers can provide learning that facilitates students' development of clinical competence. The place, space and social interaction are important for learning processes, according to Etienne Wenger and Kari Martinsen. "The Third Room" is used as a metaphor about the room where people with competence in theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge collaborate with students. Collaboration days between students, practical nurse supervisors and nurse teachers were conducted for four second-year student groups (N=23). Focus groups were used to collect data. The transcribed interviews have been analyzed through meaning condensation. An essential structure of the students 'experiences from the collaboration days describes The Third Room as a good arena where the students' clinical competence was stimulated and increased. Four themes describe the student’s experiences; preparedness for practice, confidence, reflection and collaborative learning. A strengthened collaboration between universities and hospitals through working communities in The Third Room can facilitate nursing students' learning.

scholarly journals The effect of temperament on weight gain of Hungarian Merino, German Merino and German Blackhead lambs

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pajor ◽  
A. Szentléleki ◽  
E. Láczó ◽  
J. Tőzsér ◽  
P. Póti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Score Test ◽  
Flight Test ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Score System ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Set Distance

Abstract. We evaluated temperament of sheep using two temperament tests: temperament score test and flight test. Temperament score test: behaviour of animals was assessed in a 5-score system while weighing, spending 30 s on the scale. Flight time test: the time taken by an animal to move a set distance (1.7 m) after exiting a weighing scale into an open yard. 10 rams, 22 ewes Hungarian Merino, 13 rams, 19 ewes German Merino and 12 rams, 16 ewes German Blackhead lambs were lot-fed on 49 days, after weaning. The temperament score test was not related to the weight at weaning, therefore the measurement of the temperament was not affected by the weaning process (P>0.10). The gender not affected the temperament scores in either of observations or genotypes. In this investigation German Blackhead lambs were calmer, than Hungarian Merino lambs. The evaluation of the effects of temperament (temperament score test [TS] and flight time test [FT]) on body weight showed that lambs with calm temperament had higher weight at the end of fattening (TS: 44.88 kg and FT: 42.37 kg) and higher average daily weight gain as well (TS: 492.18 g/day and FT: 430.03 g/day), compared to nervous animals (TS: 36.20 kg and 330.08 g/day, P<0.001; FT: 36.73 kg and 345.77 g/day, P<0.05). The lambs with good temperament had better fattening performance (higher weight at end of fattening, faster weight gain) than nervous lambs.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CURRENT METHODS OF ANESTHESIA IN PERFORMANCE OF TRANSRECTAL PROSTATE BIOPSY

2015 ◽  
Vol 174 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
M. E. Topuzov ◽  
A. E. Pryalukhin ◽  
I. O. Belogortsev ◽  
V. A. Zubarev ◽  
S. S. Vodop’Yan
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Emla Cream ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Transrectal Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Lidocaine Spray

Prostate biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is largely used in prostate cancer diagnostics. This procedure is usually quite painful and fear of pain could scare patients from this important research. The aim of the study was to compare methods of anesthesia for prostate biopsy. The patients were divided into 4 groups (40 patients in each group). TRUS-guided periprostatic anesthesia with 1% solution of lidocaine (10 ml) was carried out in the first group. An intrarectal introduction of 5 g EMLA cream (lidocaine 2,5% and prilocaine 2,5%) was applied in the second group. The intrarectal introduction of 10% lidocaine spray (3 doses) was used in the third group. Placebo as ultrasonic gel was utilized for the fourth group. The authors used the 100- score linear visual analog scale (LVS 1-100) and 5-score numeric visual scale (NVS-4). Minimal scores of pain were obtained in patients using TRUS-guided periprostatic anesthesia with 1% solution of lidocaine (10 ml). This type of anesthesia didn’t lead to increase of the number of complications.

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