scholarly journals Phytotherapy for diabetes mellitus; A review of Middle Eastern and North African folk medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sara S Abouzekry ◽  
Marwa T Badawy ◽  
Nada M Ezzelarab ◽  
Ahmed Abdellatif
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
North African ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Further Development

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the most common metabolic disorders affecting huge number of people worldwide. Despite the availability of large numbers of drugs in the market to treat the disease, there is still a need for new sources to deal with the problem and avoid side effects. In the pursuit of discovering safer and more effective anti-diabetic drugs, herbal and folk medicine drugs from regions all over the world have captured researchers’ interest. Middle Eastern and North African medicinal plants contain a variety of pharmacologically active components that have shown to possess promising anti-diabetic potential. However, few data have been reported about medicinal plants from these regions in comparison to plants from other regions. Anti-diabetic medicinal plants from the MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) region, their role in controlling DM, and suggested mechanisms for the anti-diabetic activity of some medicinal plants are discussed in this review. Many of these plants have not been fully investigated and characterized, yet they have great potential for further development as anti-diabetic drugs.

scholarly journals Glycogen Phosphorylase-a is a Common Target for Anti-Diabetic Effect of Iridoid and Secoiridoid Glycosides

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh B Vaidya ◽  
Abeer A Ahmed ◽  
Ramesh K Goyal ◽  
Sukhinder K Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Secoiridoid Glycosides ◽  
Common Target

Purpose. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action or both. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus dates back from the Ebers papyrus of about 1550 B.C. One of the major problems with herbal drugs is that the active ingredients are not well defined. It is important to know the active components and their molecular interactions which will help to analyze their therapeutic efficacy and also to standardize the product. There are a number of medicinal plants known for their anti-diabetic effect that possess similarities in their active chemical components, e.g. iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides. Methods. In this study, we have compared the structure of various iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides to design a novel pharmacophore. We further developed a structure-activity relationship for the inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase-a. Conclusion. By using docking studies, we are proposing, for the first time, that inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase-a activity is a common target for iridoids and secoiridoids to elicit anti-diabetic effects. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Ethnopharmacology – active substances and medicines

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Odontuya G
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Active Substances

Ethnopharmacological evidence and knowledge of medicinal plants, as well as their traditional usage in folk medicine could become an important guide for discovering and studying their pharmacologically active substances. Of the 122 officially recognized medicinal plant-based medicines worldwide, 80 % are derived from either ethnomedical practice or traditional usages by the local populations. Consequently, this illustrates the effectiveness of identifying active substances from the ethnomedical practices of the related medicinal plants. Today, pharmaceutical companies have started to direct research activities for discovering active compounds from natural sources, including medicinal plants, due to an increase in the lack of precise medications available for treating certain medical complications, as well as a comparatively high level of side effects and toxicity in synthetic medicines. Угсаатны эм судлал –эмийн идэвхт бодис, шинэ эм бэлдмэлийн эх сурвалж болох нь Хураангуй: Эмийн ургамлыг уламжлалт анагаах ухаанд хэрэглэдэг талаарх угсаатны эм судлалын мэдлэг, мэдээлэл нь ургамлаас эмчилгээний идэвхтбодисыг ялган судлах, ашиглахадчухал удирдамж болдог. Эмийн ургамлаас гарган авсан 122 бодис нь эм болж дэлхийн эмийн зах зээлд нийлүүлэгдсэн байдаг бөгөөд эдгээрийн 80 % нь тухайн өвчнийг анагаахад орон нутгийн ард түмний хэрэглэж заншсан ургамлаас ялгагдаж, угсаатны эм судлалын судалгааны үр дүнд бүтээгдсэн онцлогтой. Орчин үед зарим өвчний эмчилгээнд тохирох эм бэлдмэл одоо болтол гараагүй, нийлэг эмийн гаж нөлөө, хоруу чанар их зэрэг олон шалтгааны улмаас эмийн компаниуд байгалиас, ургамлаас эмийн идэвхтбодисыг шинээр илрүүлэн эм бэлдмэл гарган авах хандлага, сонирхол улам бүр өсөж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Ургамал, угсаатны ам судлал, эмийн идэвхт бодис, эм бэлдмэл

scholarly journals Efficacy, safety and phytochemistry of medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serawit Deyno ◽  
Kassahun Eneyew ◽  
Sisay Seyfe ◽  
Elias Wondim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Abstract Background Despite tremendous developments in synthetic medicine, medicinal plants are still commonly used for the management of diabetes mellitus. This study synthesized scientific evidence on commonly used medicinal plants for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Ethiopia. Methods Databases (PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and Google Scholar) have been thoroughly sought and evidence was synthesized. Results Thirty studies conducted anti-diabetic activities studies on 19 medicinal plants in Ethiopia. Most of the studies were in vivo studies (25). Others include; clinical study (1), in vitro studies (2), and both in vivo and in vitro study (2). Trigonella foenum-graecum L., clinical study, showed an improved lipid profile in type II diabetic patients. Comparable blood sugar level (BSL) lowering effect to glibenclimide was observed with Persea Americana and Moringa stenopetala. Noteworthy in vitro half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of Aloe megalacantha B and Aloe monticola R were observed. Animal model studies demonstrated the relative safety of the plants extract and phytochemistry studies showed various components. Conclusion Medicinal plants used for management of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia are worthy for further study for pharmacologically active ingredients and clinical evaluation.

scholarly journals A Review on Ethno-pharmacology of Antidiabetic Plants

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
M. A. Omoirri ◽  
O. M. Odigie ◽  
K. O. Gbagbeke ◽  
I. F. Ajegi ◽  
J. O. Oseyomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Antidiabetic Plants

Abnormally emanates from difficulty in insulin secretion, Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to be a metabolic disorder that causes an increase of blood glucose in blood streams. The lack of effective modern treatments, the lifelong treatment with modern medicines, overtime, its associated health side effects, and its expensive prices among others are the challenging existing realities that devastate the health and economic burdens its sufferers, especially in developing nations. Today, this has prompted the search for cheap, safe, and reliable drugs from medicinal plants. This study reviewed existing information on medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus from various sources. Several documents (published and unpublished papers, books among others) were consulted in compilation of this review. It is found that there is a wide, yet uneven support for active components of major medicinal.

Antibody Screening Results for Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibodies Towards the Development of a SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antigen Detecting Lateral Flow Assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cate ◽  
Helen Hsieh ◽  
Veronika Glukhova ◽  
Joshua D Bishop ◽  
H Gleda Hermansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Antibody Screening ◽  
Liquid Handling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Assay Conditions

<p></p><p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent demand for large numbers of inexpensive, accurate, rapid, point-of-care diagnostic tests. Analyte-based assays are suitably inexpensive and can be rapidly mass-produced, but for sufficiently accurate performance they require highly optimized antibodies and assay conditions. We used an automated liquid handling system, customized to handle arrays of lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) tests in a high-throughput screen, to identify anti-nucleocapsid antibodies that will perform optimally in an LFA. We tested 1021 anti-nucleocapsid antibody pairs as LFA capture and detection reagents with the goal of highlighting pairs that have the greatest affinity for unique epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 within the LFA format. In contrast to traditional antibody screening methods (e.g., ELISA, bio-layer interferometry), the method described here integrates real-time reaction kinetics with transport in, and immobilization directly onto, nitrocellulose. We have identified several candidate antibody pairs that are suitable for further development of an LFA for SARS-CoV-2.</p><p></p>

Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional oleh Etnis Sangihe di Kepulauan Sangihe Bagian Selatan, Sulawesi Utara (The Usage of Traditional Medicinal Plants by Sangihe Ethnic in the Southern Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Chrisye Yustitia Pelokang ◽  
Roni Koneri ◽  
Deidy Katili
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Families

Abstrak Tumbuhan obat merupakan tumbuhan yang menghasilkan satu atau lebih komponen aktif yang dipercaya oleh penduduk berkhasiat obat sehingga dimanfaatkan dalam pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji spesies tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional oleh Etnis Sangihe di Kepulauan Sangihe bagian Selatan, Sulawesi Utara. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terstruktur  yang diajukan kepada pengobat tradisional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 38 spesies dari 25 famili tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai tumbuhan obat oleh Etnis Sangihe bagian Selatan. Herba merupakan habitus tumbuhan yang banyak dimanfaatkan untuk bahan pengobatan. Bagian tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai obat yaitu daun. Cara pengolahan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah direbus. Jenis penyakit yang dapat diobati dengan tumbuhan obat sebanyak 22 jenis penyakit. Kata kunci: tumbuhan obat, obat tradisional, habitus, Kepulauan Sangihe Bagian Selatan Abstract             Medicinal plants are plants that produce one or more active components that are believed by local people as medicinal plants for traditional medicine practices. This study aimed to identify and to assess the plant species that used as traditional medicine by the Sangihe Ethnic in the Southern Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi. Data collection was conducted by structured interviews to the indigenous medical practitioners. The results showed that 38 plant species from 25 plant families were used as medicinal plants by the Southern Sangihe Ethnic people. Herbs were plant habitus that were widely used for medicinal ingredients. The leaves were widely used as medicinal plant materials. Boiling was the most processing method for preparing medicinal herbs. There were 22 types of diseases that could be treated using medicinal plants. Keywords: medicinal plants, traditional medicine, habitus, Southern Sangihe Islands

New Drug Discovery from Medicinal Plants and Phytoconstituents for Depressive Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Tuğçe Gürağaç Dereli ◽  
Mert Ilhan ◽  
Esra Küpeli Akkol
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Side Effect Profile ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Culinary Herbs

Background & Objective: Depression, a risk factor for several serious diseases, is a highly prevalent and life-threatening psychiatric disorder. It can affect the individual’s position in life and reduce the living standards. The research on the use of medicinal plants in treating this disease has increased enormously because of the possible low rehabilitation rate and side effects of available synthetic drugs, such as sexual dysfunction, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, hypersomnia, and weight gain.Conclusion:Therefore, this review aimed to draw attention to the antidepressant effects of culinary herbs and traditional medicinal plants and their active components, thereby promoting their use in the development of more potent antidepressants with improved side effect profile.

Metal-organic Nanopharmaceuticals

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-190
Author(s):  
Benjamin Steinborn ◽  
Ulrich Lächelt
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Lewis Base ◽  
High Loading ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Base Functions ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

: Coordinative interactions between multivalent metal ions and drug derivatives with Lewis base functions give rise to nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) as delivery systems. As the pharmacologically active agent constitutes a main building block of the nanomaterial, the resulting drug loadings are typically very high. By additionally selecting metal ions with favorable pharmacological or physicochemical properties, the obtained NCPs are predominantly composed of active components which serve individual purposes, such as pharmacotherapy, photosensitization, multimodal imaging, chemodynamic therapy or radiosensitization. By this approach, the assembly of drug molecules into NCPs modulates pharmacokinetics, combines pharmacological drug action with specific characteristics of metal components and provides a strategy to generate tailorable multifunctional nanoparticles. This article reviews different applications and recent examples of such highly functional nanopharmaceuticals with a high ‘material economy’. : Lay Summary: Nanoparticles, that are small enough to circulate in the bloodstream and can carry cargo molecules, such as drugs, imaging or contrast agents, are attractive materials for pharmaceutical applications. A high loading capacity is a generally aspired parameter of nanopharmaceuticals to minimize patient exposure to unnecessary nanomaterial. Pharmaceutical agents containing Lewis base functions in their molecular structure can directly be assembled into metal-organic nanopharmaceuticals by coordinative interaction with metal ions. Such coordination polymers generally feature extraordinarily high loading capacities and the flexibility to encapsulate different agents for a simultaneous delivery in combination therapy or ‘theranostic’ applications.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants and Mushrooms with Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Properties—A Review on Hong Kong’s Experience

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2173
Author(s):  
Grace Gar-Lee Yue ◽  
Clara Bik-San Lau ◽  
Ping-Chung Leung
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Insight Into

The immune modulating effects of selected herbs deserve careful studies to gain evidence-based support for their further development. We have been working hard on many items of medicinal herbs to gain insight into their immunomodulatory effects relevant to cancer treatment in particular, while infection control is not excluded. Nine of them have been selected to give the results of our exploration on their biological, particularly immunomodulatory activities. Since Hong Kong people especially favor one medicinal mushroom, viz. Coriolus versicolor, a number of clinical trials using Coriolus for cancer-related studies are included in this review. While immune modulation platforms are being built for relevant studies, a brief account on the research targets and related procedures are given.

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