Evaluation of the effects of vitamins C and E on experimentalorthodontic tooth movement

Background. This experimental study aimed to assess the effects of Vitamins C and E on orthodontictooth movement. Methods. Fifty-one male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: five appliance groups and onecontrol group. The appliance groups had an orthodontic appliance consisting of a closed-coil springligated between the maxillary incisor and maxillary first molar (50 g). Vitamin E and C (150 mg/kg)were injected intraperitoneally per day in the first and second groups, respectively. Vitamins E andC (20 μL) were locally injected into the periodontal gap of the moving teeth in the third and fourthgroups, respectively, once every three days. No vitamin was injected in the last (fifth) appliance group.The experimental period was 18 days. Histological and biochemical (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin,and NTx levels) evaluations of the samples were performed, and maxillary incisor‒molar distance wasmeasured before and after the experiment. Results. The amount of tooth movement was similar in the appliance groups. All the vitamin groupsshowed significantly increased osteoblastic activity, while those treated with systemic vitamins exhibitedsignificantly increased numbers of collagen fibers on the tension side compared to the appliance controlgroup (P<0.05). Conclusion. Vitamin C and E supplements positively affected bone formation on the tension side of theteeth during experimental orthodontic tooth movement.

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Histomorphometric and Histopathologic Evaluation of the Effects of Systemic Fluoride Intake on Orthodontic Tooth Movement

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1700192 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (03) ◽

pp. 361-369

Author(s):

Fatma Yalcin Zorlu ◽

Hakan Darici ◽

Hakan Turkkahraman

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Orthodontic Force ◽

Fluoride Intake ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Movement Group

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effects of systemic fluoride intake on orthodontic tooth movement with histomorphometric and histopathologic methods. Materials and Methods Forty-eight Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 12 rats each. Group I received fluoridated water and underwent orthodontic tooth movement. Group II received fluoridated water and did not undergo orthodontic tooth movement. Group III received nonfluoridated water and underwent orthodontic tooth movement. Group IV received nonfluoridated water and did not undergo orthodontic tooth movement. At the beginning of the experiment (T1), impressions were taken from the maxilla of the rats in groups I and III under general anesthesia, and a NiTi closed coil spring appliance was ligated between the left maxillary central incisors and maxillary first molar. The orthodontic force applied was approximately 75 g, and the duration of the experimental period was 18 days. During the experimental period, appliances were controlled daily. At the end of the experimental period (T2), the rats were sacrificed with an overdose of a ketamine/xylasine combination, and their impressions were obtained. The upper first molars were subsequently dissected for histological examination. Incisor–molar distance, number of osteoblasts, number of osteoclasts and periodontal ligament (PDL) space widths on the compression and tension sides were measured. Statistical Analysis All measurements were statistically analyzed with SPSS for Windows version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures ANOVA and posthoc Tukey tests were used to compare the groups. Results No statistically significant difference was found with respect to the amount of tooth movement between the fluoridated and nonfluoridated groups (p > 0.05). Orthodontic force application increased the number of osteoblasts at the tension sides and reduced it at the compression sides (p < 0.001). An increased number of osteoclasts was observed in the nonfluoridated group relative to the fluoridated group (p < 0.01). Conclusions No difference was observed with respect to the amount of tooth movement between the fluoridated and nonfluoridated groups. Fluoride significantly reduced the number of osteoclasts in the experimental groups.

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Salivary Metalloproteinase-8 and Metalloproteinase-9 Evaluation in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment before and after Periodontal Therapy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041583 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1583

Author(s):

Ioana-Andreea Sioustis ◽

Maria-Alexandra Martu ◽

Liana Aminov ◽

Mariana Pavel ◽

Petru Cianga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Tissue Reaction ◽

Periodontal Treatment ◽

Gingival Inflammation ◽

Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Before And After ◽

Metalloproteinase 9

(1) Background: Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are members of a family of proteases of major importance during orthodontic tooth movement. Their levels increase during orthodontic therapy and in periodontally affected tissues. Orthodontic fixed appliances retain dental plaque and can cause gingival inflammation. When gingival inflammation is present, the forces produced during orthodontic tooth movement can aggravate tissue reaction and cause the destruction of supportive periodontal tissue. This study aimed to identify biomarkers that facilitate the assessment of periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. (2) Methods: Our study was conducted on 111 patients who were about to receive fixed orthodontic treatment. We determined the salivary levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 and bleeding on probing (BOP) before applying the orthodontic fixed appliance (T1), one week after appliance placement (T2), and during orthodontic treatment, one month after non-surgical periodontal treatment (T3). (3) Results: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment show a significant increase in BOP, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels one week after orthodontic appliance placement (T2) and a decrease in these parameters one month after periodontal treatment (T3). Statistically significant correlations were found between MMP-8 levels and BOP values at T1, T2, and T3. (4) Conclusion: In our study patients undergoing orthodontic treatment show a significant increase in BOP, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels one week after orthodontic appliance placement and a decrease in these parameters one month after periodontal treatment. Strong positive statistically significant correlations were found between MMP-8 levels and BOP and medium positive statistically significant correlations between MMP-9 and BOP values before and after orthodontic treatment and periodontal treatment. MMP-8, MMP-9, and BOP could be used to assess the periodontal status of orthodontic patients.

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Saliva Leptin Levels in Tooth Movement during Initial Stage of Orthodontic Alignment: A Pilot Study

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v16i0.8651060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Noraini Abu Bakar ◽

Wisam Kamil ◽

Lina Al Bayati ◽

Basma Ezzat Mustafa

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Initial Alignment ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Before And After

Introduction: During orthodontic tooth movement, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress is an acute inflammatory reaction. Mechanical stress from orthodontic appliances is believed to induce cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) to form biologically active substances, such as enzymes and cytokines, responsible for connective tissue remodeling (Nishijima Y et al 2006). Leptin, a polypeptide hormone has been classified as a cytokine (Zhang et al 1994). Earlier findings concluded that leptin at high local concentrations protects the host from inflammation and infection as well as maintaining bone levels. It has been also suggested that leptin plays a significant role in bone formation by its direct effect on osteoblasts (Alparslan et al 2010). This pilot study aimed to study leptin in saliva and its association with tooth movement during initial orthodontic alignment. Objectives: To determine if there are any differences in saliva leptin level before and after orthodontic alignment. Material and methods: Ten orthodontic patients (7 girls and 3 boys; mean age, 16.76 ± 1.1 years) with crowding (up to 5mm) that required orthodontic fixed appliances, on a non-extraction basis as part of the treatment plan, were recruited in this longitudinal study. Orthodontic study models were constructed at baseline and at 6- weeks after orthodontic treatment commenced. Full fixed orthodontic appliances with initial 0.014” Nickel Titanium archwire placed. The amount of crowding was measured, before and after initial alignment with an electronic digital caliper (Max-Cal, Japan Micrometer Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) with an accuracy of up to 0.01mm. Unstimulated morning saliva sample were collected at all visits, after at least an 8-hour period of fasting and no-toothbrushing. After centrifugation (4000x g;10min), the samples were stored at -25C and tested using Leptin Abnova LEP Human ELISA kit (KA3080) which was subsequently analyzed. Subjects’ periodontal health status was also monitored throughout the study. Ethical approval (ID IREC 262) was received on 7th April 2014 from International Islamic University Malaysia Research Ethics Committee (IREC). Results: Leptin concentration in saliva was significantly decreased in a time-dependant manner (t(9)=8.60, p<0.001), from before orthodontic treatment (7016.45± 425.15 pg/mL) and 6 weeks after bond-up (4901.92± 238.64 pg/mL). Conclusion: Leptin concentration in saliva is decreased during orthodontic tooth movement in initial alignment stage.

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Optimization Spring Coil Design for Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.327 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 493 ◽

pp. 327-330

Author(s):

Moch. Agus Choiron ◽

Endi Sutikno ◽

Tri Handoko Wicaksono ◽

Shigeyuki Haruyama

Keyword(s):

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Steel Wire ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Maxillary Incisor ◽

Coil Design ◽

Hook Length ◽

Orthodontic Force ◽

Custom Made ◽

Spring Coil

Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by the remodeling of alveolar bone in response to mechanical loading by using spring coil. Spring coil design was made of round stainless steel wire and usually it was custom-made design. In the previous study, the orthodontic force on 30 gram is required to move maxillary incisor during experimental tooth movement in rat. In this study, optimization new design of spring coil is developed to fulfill the requirement of orthodontic force. The design variable of new spring coil design is set on variation of angle aperture (5oα 10o), hook length (10 mml20 mm) and hook diameter (0.012 inchD0.014 inch). From the result, it can be produced the optimum designs which 8.9oof angle aperture; 12 mm of hook length and 0.014 inch of hook diameter for fulfilling the requirement of orthodontic force on 30 gram force.

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Impact of Orthodontic Decompensation on Bone Insertion

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2014/341752 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Fabio Pinto Guedes ◽

Leopoldino Capelozza Filho ◽

Daniela Gamba Garib ◽

Hugo Nary Filho ◽

Evandro José Borgo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Accurate Analysis ◽

Before And After ◽

Facial Pattern ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mandibular Incisors

There has always been concern in determining the relationship between orthodontic tooth movement and the consequent biological costs to the periodontium and tooth root. The possibility of evaluating the tooth and bone morphology by CBCT allows more accurate analysis of qualitative and quantitative aspects of these processes. This paper presents a case report of a 20-year-old male patient with Class III malocclusion and hyperdivergent facial pattern, who was surgically treated. A significant amount of labial movement of mandibular incisors was performed during orthodontic treatment before surgery. CBCT was used for evaluation of buccal and lingual bone plates before and after tooth decompensation. The changes in the bone insertion level of maxillary and mandibular incisors in the present case encourage a reflection on the treatment protocol in individuals with dentoskeletal discrepancies.

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Effectiveness of electric toothbrush as vibration method on orthodontic tooth movement: a split-mouth study

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.24.2.049-055.oar ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

Muhammad Azeem ◽

Ambreen Afzal ◽

Saqib Ali Jawa ◽

Arfan Ul Haq ◽

Mahwish Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Analogue Scale ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Maxillary Canine ◽

Orthodontic Force ◽

Canine Retraction ◽

Electric Toothbrush ◽

Light Force ◽

Paired T Test

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of application of vibratory stimuli, using an electric toothbrush, on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement during maxillary canine retraction. Methods: A split-mouth study was conducted in 28 subjects (mean age = 20.8 years; ranging from 18 to 24 years) whose bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted with subsequent canine retraction. On the Vibration side, light force (100 g) was applied to the canine for 90 days, in combination with vibratory stimuli provided by an electric toothbrush; only orthodontic force was applied to the canine on the non-vibration side. Amount of canine movement was measured monthly. Related to electronic toothbrush usage, a diary was provided to each patient for recording discomfort during experimental period, having 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). The paired t-test was used to assess the differences in amount of tooth movement between canines of the vibration and non-vibration sides. Results: The amount of tooth movement was similar for canines on the vibration side and on the non-vibration side (mean 0.81 ± 0.10 mm and 0.82 ± 0.11 mm, respectively, p> 0.05). Plaque accumulation was minimal in any subject throughout the study. No subject reported discomfort as a result of using the electric toothbrush. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that application of vibratory stimuli using an electric toothbrush, in combination with light orthodontic force, do not accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.

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Interleukin 1β Levels around Microscrew Implants during Orthodontic Tooth Movement

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/100506-405.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1073-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Emel Sarı ◽

Cihan Uçar

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Interleukin 1Β ◽

Implant Placement ◽

The Mean ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Abstract Objective: To determine whether interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels are elevated around microscrew implants that are used as anchorage for tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Ten young adults, aged 16.3 ± 2.5 years and with all four premolars extracted , comprised the study group. Twenty maxillary microscrew implants were placed bilaterally in the alveolar bone between the maxillary second premolars and first molars as anchorage units for distal movement of the maxillary canines. The maxillary canines served as the treatment group, and the microscrew implants were designated as the implant group. The mandibular canines were used as controls. Peri-microscrew implant crevicular fluid (MICF) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected at the beginning of tooth movement (2 weeks after implant placement); at 24, 48, and 168 hours later; and on days 14 and 21. An automated enzyme immunoassay was used to measure 1L-1β in the MICF and the GCF. Results: The mean 1L-1β level in the treatment group was significantly elevated at 24 hours (P = .003 < .05) and 48 hours (P = .003 < .05), whereas the levels in the control and implant groups did not change significantly during the experimental period. Also, the mean 1L-1β level of the treatment group was significantly higher that in both the control and implant groups at 24 and 48 hours. Conclusions: The microscrew implants did not demonstrate increased 1L-1β levels during tooth movement. This supports the concept that microscrew implants might be useful as absolute anchorage devices.

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Expression of circulating cell-free nucleic acids around miniscrew implant during orthodontic tooth movement—a prospective study

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-021-00378-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tabassum Qureshi ◽

Ritu Duggal ◽

Om Prakash Kharbanda ◽

Moganty R. Rajeswari

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acids ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Before And After ◽

Miniscrew Implant ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

A Prospective Study

Abstract Objectives Literature shows that the expression of various biomarkers in peri-miniscrew crevicular fluid (PMICF) is related to the stability of miniscrew implants (MSIs). The present study investigated the role and alterations in levels of circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs) in PMICF before and after orthodontic loading. Material and methods This prospective study consisted of forty-six MSIs placed between the second premolar and first molar in the maxillary and mandibular arches. Direct loading was done after 3 weeks of MSI insertion with nickel-titanium closed coil spring exerting a force of 200 g. The PMICF sample was collected at various time intervals, and the level of cfNA was determined. Clinical parameters, including implant mobility and gingival health, were also assessed. Pre-loading and post-loading parameters were assessed using Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test. Results Among 46 MSIs, 36 were stable during the study and 10 MSIs showed peri-implant inflammation and increased mobility. There was a significant rise in the cfNA concentration 24 h after implant insertion (0.4 ± 0.86 ng/μl). The level of cfNAs significantly decreased over 3 weeks and reached the baseline level (0.2 ± 0.31 ng/μl). There was also a significant rise in the levels of cfNA (0.8 ± 0.70 ng/μl) at 24 h after loading MSIs, which gradually decreased to 0.2 ± 0.24 ng/μl after 63 days. The expression of cfNAs was on the average 0.32 units more in the cases with failed implants (P = 0.05). Conclusions cfNA levels in PMICF showed an upward trend 24 h after MSI insertion and 24 h after orthodontic loading. The expression of cfNA was more in cases with failed MSIs. Hence, the cfNAs can be considered as a prognostic biomarker of MSI stability.

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Effects of Different Parameters of Diode Laser on Acceleration of Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Its Effect on Relapse: An Experimental Animal Study

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 412-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aya Ehab Elkattan ◽

Mostafa Gheith ◽

Mona Salah Fayed ◽

M. Abo El Yazeed ◽

Abdel-Razik H. Farrag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diode Laser ◽

Low Dose ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Low Level Laser Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Dose Irradiation ◽

Specific Protocol

AIM: Recent studies have demonstrated that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. However, there is still controversy about the optimum parameters that can cause acceleration. The present study was designed to examine two different doses of LLLT in the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement and their effect on relapse. METHODS: An orthodontic appliance was designed to induce tooth movement on lower incisors of rabbits. The in-al-as diode laser was used to radiate different groups of rabbits according to a specific protocol. The amount of tooth movement was measured for 21 days, and then the orthodontic appliance was removed, and the relapse was measured till day 28. RESULTS: The amount of tooth movement was significantly greater in the group with irradiation of low dose in comparison with the high dose group and the control group. The relapse was greatest in the group of low dose irradiation and least in the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that LLLT with a low dose accelerate the orthodontic tooth movement while LLLT with a high dose was not able to have the same effect. LLLT had a reverse effect on relapse tendency; an increase in the relapse tendency was seen with low dose irradiation.

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Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen during Experimental Tooth Movement

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/022507-96.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 304-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sila Gokce ◽

A. Osman Bengi ◽

Erol Akin ◽

Seniz Karacay ◽

Deniz Sagdic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trabecular Bone ◽

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Bone Apposition ◽

Male Adult ◽

Osteoblastic Activity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Experimental Tooth Movement

Abstract Objective: To determine the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male, adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. HBO was administered in the first group, and the second group served as a control. The mandibular first molars were moved mesially by means of Ni-Ti closed coil springs in all groups. Results: Results were evaluated histomorphometrically and the parameters of trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tr.N), and trabecular separation (Tr.Sep) were evaluated at the interradicular bone area of the mandibular first molars. Increases in BV/TV and Tr.N and decreases in Tr.Sep revealed the osteoblastic activity of HBO. HBO application caused an increase in bone apposition and osteoblastic activity or a decrease in osteoclastic activity. Conclusions: HBO enhanced the bone formation during experimental tooth movement. Therefore, the findings of this study support our hypothesis that osteoblastic activity might be modulated by changes in the environmental oxygen tension.

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