scholarly journals Negative verb morpheme in Tamil Verb structure

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Shankaranarayanan N
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Change ◽  
Language System ◽  
Single Sentence ◽  
Over Time

In this world each and all languages are based on noun and verb. Without the naming and action words we cannot frame even a single sentence. In the same way, Tamil Language also depend on noun and verb. Verb is an important component of language. Tamil grammarians and linguists classify and interpret the types of verbs in different ways. Among the classifications, one of them is a negative verb. Changes are taken within the language system. The continuous change will be occurred in the language system and it process over time to time. Languages ​​that are subject to change are likely to survive. Thus, the structure of modern Tamil negative verbs is entirely different from the system of ancient Tamil negative verbs in Tamil. This article focuses these differences through morphologically with one of the linguistic subdivisions. It also describes the development and growth of negative verb morphological elements and the places where we use it.

scholarly journals Temporal trends in outcome and patient characteristics in dilated cardiomyopathy, data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry 2003–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Sjöland ◽  
Jonas Silverdal ◽  
Entela Bollano ◽  
Aldina Pivodic ◽  
Ulf Dahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Temporal trends in clinical composition and outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are largely unknown, despite considerable advances in heart failure management. We set out to study clinical characteristics and prognosis over time in DCM in Sweden during 2003–2015. Methods DCM patients (n = 7873) from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry were divided into three calendar periods of inclusion, 2003–2007 (Period 1, n = 2029), 2008–2011 (Period 2, n = 3363), 2012–2015 (Period 3, n = 2481). The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death, transplantation and hospitalization during 1 year after inclusion into the registry. Results Over the three calendar periods patients were older (p = 0.022), the proportion of females increased (mean 22.5%, 26.4%, 27.6%, p = 0.0001), left ventricular ejection fraction was higher (p = 0.0014), and symptoms by New York Heart Association less severe (p < 0.0001). Device (implantable cardioverter defibrillator and/or cardiac resynchronization) therapy increased by 30% over time (mean 11.6%, 12.3%, 15.1%, p < 0.0001). The event rates for mortality, and hospitalization were consistently decreasing over calendar periods (p < 0.0001 for all), whereas transplantation rate was stable. More advanced physical symptoms correlated with an increased risk of a composite outcome over time (p = 0.0043). Conclusions From 2003 until 2015, we observed declining mortality and hospitalizations in DCM, paralleled by a continuous change in both demographic profile and therapy in the DCM population in Sweden, towards a less affected phenotype.

Neo-Tribes or Subcultures?

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
Nick Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Classical View ◽  
Organizational Subcultures ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Over Time

Two contrasting views exist regarding subcultures: the classical view and the post-subcultural perspective of subcultures as “neo-tribes.” However, there is scarcity of empirical studies of organizational studies with the latter perspective. This study aims to examine whether there is sufficient evidence for subcultures to be considered as “neo-tribes.” To answer this question, empirical studies are examined alongside data from a recent quantitative study of staff in a higher educational institution. It is found that organizational subcultures have a floating membership, heterogeneity between members within subcultures, the absence of distinct boundaries, and changing values over time. It is concluded that, for practitioners, change in organizations will require managers to accept the continuous change, reassessment, and adaptation of subcultures, as well as a lack of cultural predictability and stability. For researchers, this study heightens the need to reassess studies opting for a suitable approach in identifying and examining organizational subcultures.

scholarly journals Percentage of progressors in imaging: can we ignore regressors?

RMD Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Sepriano ◽  
Sofia Ramiro ◽  
Robert Landewé ◽  
Maxime Dougados ◽  
Desirée van der Heijde
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Sharp Score ◽  
Structural Progression ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Modified Sharp Score

Stopping or preventing structural progression is a goal common to all inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Imaging may capture structural progression across diseases, but is susceptible to measurement error. Progression can be analysed as a continuous change score over time (eg, mean change of the van der Heijde-modified Sharp score) or as a binary change score (eg, percentage of progressors according to the modified New York criteria). Here, we argue that the former takes measurement error into account while the latter ignores it, which may lead to spurious conclusions. We will argue that assumptions underlying commonly used binary definitions of progression are false and we propose a method that incorporates (inevitable) measurement error.

Enabling change within new forms of organisations: an empirical investigation of change patterns and stakeholder influence on core intermediary activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1070
Author(s):  
Inessa Laur ◽  
Mike Danilovic
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Stakeholder Satisfaction ◽  
Stakeholder Influence ◽  
Special Service ◽  
Over Time

PurposeAlthough previous research has highlighted the importance of innovative intermediary services that are delivered through cluster initiatives to foster own attractiveness and the development of business, little emphasis has been placed on examining the patterns and influencers of such a change in new organisational forms from a management perspective. The present study investigates the change patterns of core intermediary activities in cluster initiatives as well as the influence of various stakeholders on change in those core activities.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical data of this work illustrates the general picture of change within new organisational forms and therefore emerges from a survey study carried out among numerous European cluster initiatives originating from different industries. The main propositions for testing have roots in and are discussed through the prism of Stakeholder Theory as well as entrepreneurship, change and intermediary (middle-hands, brokerage) literature.FindingsThe findings reveal that intermediary activities are under continuous change, and the changes appreciated by the initiative members tend to gradually increase in intensity over time. Internal stakeholders are actively engaged in the change process activities, and external stakeholders are too, but to a limited extent. This leaves space for creativity and action for the initiatives.Research limitations/implicationsThis research combines stakeholder theory and literature on intermediation (new forms of organisations), change, and entrepreneurship. The outcome of the study might serve as a ground for theoretical classification of cluster initiatives as a particular type of intermediary in accordance with their specific occupation. This would add to the ongoing discussion on definition and typologies of intermediaries as well as lift the awareness on the peculiar constellation of stakeholders within these innovative organisations – their engagement expectations and level of involvement.Practical implicationsKnowledge on which stakeholders can turn to in the event that a special service is needed can shorten implementation times and improve the quality of services. This knowledge is a way to choose suitable and influential networking partners who can assist by pushing existing working mechanisms in a favourable direction.Social implicationsThe study illustrates the patterns behind changes of intermediary activities/services over time, which would form solid ground for developing new methods to assist in achieving stakeholder satisfaction through cluster-initiative services. Therefore, this work can serve as a benchmarking example for traditional organisations that find themselves in “sleeping” mode or that aim for revitalization.Originality/valueThe contribution of change and engagement mechanisms to effectivization and innovativeness of organisations are highlighted as main value added of this research.

scholarly journals Tracking technology diffusion in-store: a fashion retail perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Alexander ◽  
Anthony Kent
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Diffusion Theory ◽  
Fashion Retail ◽  
Over Time

PurposeContinuous change has long been recognized as a core characteristic of retailing, its recent acceleration unprecedented, yet innovation in retailing remains under-researched, especially within fashion retailing. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to generate a deeper understanding of if, and to what extent, fashion retailers across different market segments are innovating in terms of in-store technology diffusion over time by taking a long-term perspective over five years.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on retail change and innovation diffusion theory, the study takes a qualitative approach, using direct observation of 71 fashion stores in London (UK) in 2014 and 2019. In total, 142 stores were tabulated in Excel and qualitatively analysed manually and with NVivo.FindingsThe findings identify the innovation adoption strategies implemented, the types of in-store technologies adopted over time and the fashion retail innovation adopters.Originality/valueThe research offers new knowledge in terms of retail innovation and retail change, specifically on retail diffusion of innovation and the importance of in-store technology integration. Several practical implications for improving technology innovation management are also identified.

scholarly journals CHANGES - DAILY REALITY AND NECESSITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307-1311
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gonovski ◽  
Sandra Gonovska
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
The People ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Changes are constantly present among us. The changes are a daily occurrence no matter in which area of life. They are something that moves humankind and causes its development. However, not all have the same attitude towards the changes. Some people look forward to, others avoid them, some joy to them, others avoid to them, some fear into them, while others rejoice changes, some see opportunity in them, some see danger from them. Whatever is the relationship of individuals to change, everyone must face them someday. The change management has no formal structure, a pre-prepared plan, but it takes place spontaneously and the reactions occur in a single place. He is an unpredictable process. The change management plan is designed to cause changes to: - Processes - Organizational structure - The people - Strategies All undertaken activities for implementing the changes ultimately reflect the above categories. In addition, the changes can also can be divided into episodic vs continuous change. Another dividing is a divide of Continuous Organizational changes in two scales: radical - incremental and core - peripheral. A common reaction to almost all people of change is fear. Fear of the unknown cause’s people initially resists resistance. However, over time and after undertaking certain activities, the changes are accepted as a necessity.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of two models in the reactive routing protocol in manets

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Muthanna Jaafar Abbas ◽  
Haider Mohammed Turki Alhilfi ◽  
Tole Sutikno
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Reactive Routing ◽  
Military Systems ◽  
Over Time

<span>Due to the need for the multicast connection required by multimedia applications such as video conferencing and natural disaster management, it was necessary to use a set of portable and connected wireless peripheral devices without the need for infrastructure and without a central router, by use wireless network as "a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) " Despite the difficulties facing this technology in the process of effective guidance and the expansion of the use of such networks, in this type of network because of its applications in the fields of civil and military systems that do not need an infrastructure for the network to provide communication, the researchers specialized in this field have improved the current routing protocols and design new protocols that are appropriate to the challenges that Routing protocols face due to continuous change In network topology over time. In this paper we improved the current routing protocols and design new protocols that are appropriate to the challenges that Routing protocols face due to continuous change In network topology over time. The NS2 simulation environment was used for the purpose of a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the TORA and AODV routing protocols By using properties of packet delivery fraction and end-to-end delay was calculated.</span><p class="MsoNormal">Manet</p><p class="MsoNormal">Odav</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Packet delivery<strong><em></em></strong></p><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Tora</span>

scholarly journals Vowel Harmony: An Historical Account

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Emran R. Al Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Old English ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
English History ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Over Time

All languages change over time. English has undergone continuous change throughout its three major periods: Old English (roughly from 450 to 1100 AD), Middle English (from 1100 to 1500), and Modern English (from 1500 to the present). Sound is one of the most easily influenced parts of language to be subject to different changes.  Sound change is inevitable and it is a live indication of the continuous growth of language. The evidence to prove the regularity and systematicity of sound change has been the main concern of linguists, This paper seeks to provide more evidence on how vowel harmony played a key role on the regularity of sound change by extracting samples of sound changes that have taken place throughout the English history.

Trends in outcome and patient composition in dilated cardiomyopathy in Sweden over time

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Sjoland ◽  
J Silverdal ◽  
E Bollano ◽  
A Pivodic ◽  
M Fu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background We studied prognosis and patient composition over time in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM): a well-defined category of heart failure (HF), often affecting younger individuals. We expected improved prognosis over time, due to emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options. Methods All patients from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF) fulfilling criteria for DCM (exclusion of ischemic, valvular, or alcoholic etiology and affirmed by clinical judgment in the protocol) (n=3739), were analyzed with respect to three time periods of inclusion in the registry, 2003–2007 (n=814), 2008–2011 (n=1448), 2012–2016 (n=1477), regarding mortality, transplantations, and hospital admissions during one year after inclusion. Results Over the three time periods, registered cohorts were older with time (mean 59.3 years/ 60 years/ 61.0 years, p=0.0035), and the proportion of females incresased (24.1% / 27.2% / 30.7%, p=0.0006). For clinical variables, the distribution of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with time showed significantly higher LVEF (p=0.0024), and functional classification (NYHA) showed lower class (p=0.0011). Hypertension as a comorbidity (i.e. not judged to be responsible for HF) was more frequently occurring with time: (34.0%/ 40.6%/ 44.1%, p&lt;0.0001). As for HF treatment: use of device increased (p&lt;0.0001 for categorical combinations), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) increased (41.9%/ 37.3%/ 46.7%, p=0.0023), and diuretics dropped (76.1%/ 71.1%/ 67.0%, p≤0.0001) in the different cohorts with time. Mortality (6.9%, 5.1%, 5.5%), transplantation (0.5%, 0.8%, 0.6%) and hospital admissions for HF (28.4%, 26.3%, 24.6%) were stable over time (ns for all), whereas cardiovascular (CV) (33.8%, 33.8%, 29.7%, p=0.043) and all cause admissions (39.1%, 38.8%, 33.7%, p=0.0099) decreased. After adjustment for age, sex, LVEF, NYHA, hypertension and device treatment only all cause admissions remained significantly decreased. Conclusion In this nationwide study between 2003–2016, one-year outcome in DCM in Sweden remained stationary over time, despite advances in HF therapy. During the time period, we observed a continuous change in the clinical profile in the DCM population. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Region Västra Götaland agreement concerning research and education of physicians.

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