scholarly journals The Status of Mother Tongues and Language Policy in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ayoub Loutfi
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Moroccan Arabic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

The linguistic market in Morocco has been characterized by its richness and complexity, in that a number of local as well as foreign languages co-exist. Given this multiplicity and diversity in its linguistic landscape, Morocco has opted for Arabization as a language policy in education, its ultimate goal being, as it were, to safeguard and maintain its national identity (Ennaji, 2003). Achieving this goal, however, is far from being without glaring shortcomings. Arabization has, inter alia, marginalized mother tongues, the latter being relegated to daily communication only with a devalued and denigrated status. On this view, the present paper brings to the fore the status of languages in use in Morocco and, more precisely, brings into focus the impact of Arabization on the status of mother tongues. What is more, the study attempts to shed light on Moroccans’ attitudes towards their mother tongues. In pursuance of this aim, the study addresses the following research questions, principally (i) What is the status of Arabic in Morocco? (ii) What is the nature of Moroccans’ attitudes towards their mother tongues, namely Moroccan Arabic and Moroccan Amazigh? (iii) What is the impact of Arabization on the status of mother tongues in Morocco?

scholarly journals Multilingualism in Linguistic Landscape of Prishtina (Kosovo)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Shkumbin Munishi Prishtina
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Language relations as manifestations of the phenomenon of multilingualism are also expressed in the area of the so-called linguistic landscape. Undoubtedly, the linguistic landscape not only reflects the use of languages in public space but at the same time reveals the depth of public perception of different languages, depending on their function and prestige. In this paper, I will treat Albanian, English and Serbian rapports through their coverage in the Pristina linguistic landscape, focusing on the use of these languages in advertising space in the city of Prishtina and in other tables that perform semiotic functions of indexes in this city. Likewise, within the reflection of the status planning of languages in Prishtina linguistic landscape, the use of Serbian in the official tables will be treated. This case study will also reflect the features of language policy and the impact of the globalization phenomenon in different languages. The results presented in this paper will reflect on the field research within a certain time span. The research has shown that in the Pristina linguistic landscape, in addition to the Albanian language, English has a dense use, while the use of Serbian is mostly limited to official charts i.e. names of the streets of the city and is not found in private advertisements tables.

scholarly journals Paisaje lingüístico en Benín: un recurso didáctico y motivador para el aula de lenguas extranjeras

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent-Fidèle Sossouvi ◽  
Mei-Chih Lin
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Pioneer Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban Scene ◽  
Context Of Learning

Multilingualism and multiculturalism have been and are constitutive aspects of African soci-eties. This pioneer study analyzes the linguistic landscapes of Cotonou and Abomey-Calavi (Benin), two contiguous cities; in order to verify the status and the vitality of the languages used and spoken in the country as well as seeing if it is possible to exploit didactically this written modality. For this purpose, a quantitative analysis of written language productions in public space was carried out. The results reveal the languages used in the urban scene of both cities as well as the linguistic contact in their diverse aspects. They also indicate that the linguistic landscape doesn’t take into account the local multilingual practices in all their complexity. It appears as a context of learning which can be used as a didactic resource in the teaching of foreign languages.

‘Official language for intercultural ties’

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-177
Author(s):  
Jason Litzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Cultural Ideologies

Abstract This study considers the parallel expression of language policy toward Kichwa in the linguistic landscape of Yachay, two administratively independent government-funded institutions in Ecuador. Although the institutions share a geographic location, name, and goal of becoming a sciences and technology hub for Latin America, they maintain distinct identities through their official signage, providing opportunity for consideration of how recent political and cultural ideologies toward Ecuador’s language policy have been realized in the linguistic landscape of parallel institutions. Kichwa, a constitutionally-recognized minority language of the region, is largely absent from the landscape, providing little more than a shared institutional nomenclature. Instead, the language and culture are used as a commodity for promoting pan-Ecuadorian interculturality and indigenous values, even if these values are not otherwise overtly supported. Kichwa thus represents the ‘traditional’ Ecuador, while at the same time serves as the backbone in the formation of a collective, future-oriented national identity.

English in Swiss higher education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Studer ◽  
Aisha Siddiqa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
National Language ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Language Question

This chapter reviews the current discourses surrounding English in higher education, focusing on the impact Englishization has had on education and language policy-planning in Switzerland. While English is in direct competition with national languages at the obligatory school levels, and the debate about the status of English is evident in national language policymaking, higher education institutes (henceforth HEIs) have taken a pragmatic approach, broadening their educational offerings to include English-medium courses and programmes at all levels. Taking legal, strategy and policy documents as its basis, this chapter discusses themes that impact thinking about language in higher education in a small multilingual nation and reviews how the language question has been addressed by policymakers at the national and institutional levels.

A comparative study of translation or interpreting as a profession in Russia, China and Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Tyulenev ◽  
Binghan Zheng ◽  
Penelope Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Research Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
External View ◽  
Tentative Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract In this article, three different cultural and socio-political systems, those of China, Spain, and Russia, are compared in terms of how translation and interpreting are viewed. The principal aim is to propose a tentative model for conducting a synchronic comparative translation and interpreting research study across several regions. Two types of organization have been studied – embassies/consulates and translation bureaus. First, these types of organization routinely commission, use, and assess translations. Second, such organizations are likely to be found in the majority of countries in today’s world (hence, the number of countries to be compared could be increased). The first type, embassies/consulates, provides an ‘external’ view of translation, that is, the view of consumers of translation. The second type, translation agencies, on the other hand, furnishes examples of the ‘internal’ view of translation producers. First, the official requirements for the submission of documents in foreign languages as described on the sites of embassies and consulates are examined. The research questions include: What are the requirements for translating documents in foreign languages? Whose translations are recognized as legitimate? What are the quality assurance mechanisms for the translations? Then the requirements applicants for a job in a translation agency have to fulfill in the three countries are examined. The analysis focused on how translation is perceived and assessed. What is required from translators/interpreters helps us to gauge the status of translation and its level of professionalization in a particular society, while comparing three different societies allows us to compare the degree of professionalization of translation in different countries.

scholarly journals Polityka językowa w Polsce a wpływ języka angielskiego na polszczyznę

LingVaria ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Mańczak-Wohlfeld
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Political System ◽  
American English ◽  
The Political ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Impact

Language Policy in Poland in the Context of the Impact of English on Polish The paper examines the way and the extent to which language policies have affected the development of the Polish language. However, the purpose of the present paper is to highlight the change in attitude towards the increasing impact of English on Polish. The influence of English became more prominent in Poland after the change in the political system in 1989, and has for the most part been in the area of lexical borrowings. However, the influence of English is not only restricted to the inflow of English loanwords, but also extends to their relatively high frequency of usage. In addition, there is evidence of other types of influence that are non-lexical. However, the impact of English on Polish has not been as extensive as is claimed by some Polish linguists who since the early 1990s have lamented over the decline of the Polish language caused by the ”flood” of British and American English borrowings. Indeed, the status of English as a lingua franca was considered itself to be a threat to Polish, with even the possibility of the extinction of the tongue. This concern about language purity led to the creation of the Polish Language Council in 1996, whose aim has been to advise on and describe (rather than prescribe) linguistic behaviours among Polish language users. This legislative body was behind the Polish Language Act passed in 1999. Its purpose, however, has been to protect Polish rather than to purify it and to minimize the foreign influences (which mainly refer to English) rather than to eradicate them. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Polish linguists’ attitude towards the ”Anglicization” of the Polish language has changed dramatically and it is now believed that the influence of English makes Polish richer and more globalized.

scholarly journals Reframing Language Roles in Moroccan Higher Education: Context and Implications of the Advent of English

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Yamina El Kirat El Allame ◽  
Youssef Laaraj
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
The Impact

Morocco is a multilingual society where different languages are in use. Besides the national and official languages, Moroccans also use a number of foreign languages among which are French, Spanish, and English. Over the last few years, foreign languages have acquired more space and prestige, especially in the educational system. In this respect, the Ministry of Higher Education is promoting the position of the English language through ministerial notes imposing it as a requirement at the doctoral level and for the recruitment of new university professors. With the spread of English as the international language and the language of research and science, current debate concerns also the language of instruction in science streams. The aim of the present study is to address three main research questions, namely (i) what status does English have in Morocco in general and in Higher Education in particular; (ii) what is the language policy, if any, that organizes the growing of English in Morocco; (iii) what are the causes and implications of the growth of English as the language of science in Morocco. This research intends to (i) reveal the conditioning factors for the spread and promotion of English in the Moroccan higher education (ii) investigate the potential implications of the growth of English on the other foreign languages and particularly the languages of instruction languages, namely Arabic and French. The study adopts a mixed approach making use of a survey to collect Moroccan university students and education professionals’ opinions about the impact of the Moroccan English language policy. The study will also analyze the official documents and discourses and the academic literature.

SOME COMMENTS ON THE USE OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Shazamanov Sh. I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language

The article analyzes the status and history of the Uzbek language in Central Asia, the relationship with foreign languages, the state policy in the development of the Uzbek language, the impact of Russian phrases on Uzbek speech. The article is the result of practical observations of the Uzbek language in public life. The article is important in terms of studying the phrases learned from the Russian language in the Uzbek spoken language. Issues related to it are among the most studied articles in Uzbek sociolinguistics. In this regard, some of the points raised in the article may be controversial

scholarly journals Igor Cașu, “Revoluția silențioasă”: revizuirea identității naționale în Moldova Sovetică la apogeul “dezghețului” lui Hrușciov (1956-1957) / ”The Quiet Revolution”: Revisiting the National Identity Issue in Soviet Moldavia at the height of Khrushchev’s Thaw (1956)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-126
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Quiet Revolution ◽  
Hungarian Revolution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soviet Invasion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Identity Issue

The article highlights the impact of Khrushchev’s Thaw on the question of national identity in Soviet Moldavia in the framework of the internal Soviet debates unleashed by the ‘Secret Speech’ and the subsequent Hungarian Revolution. The question of national identity was expressed by two groups, one representing the former GULAG returnees and the other the intellectuals or students socialized in the Soviet milieu. The position of the former was more radical and anti-Soviet, while the latter was milder and respected the status-quo, i.e. the Soviet regime, and only questioned some previously established traditions on what it meant to be Moldavian. Incidentally or not, the former position proved to be more long lasting, in some way prepared and anticipated the national agenda during Perestroika, in the late 1980s. The question of national identity emerged once again with a comparable fervour in 1968 subsequent to the Prague Spring and Ceaușescu’s refusal to support the Soviet invasion in Czechoslovakia.

scholarly journals Foreign Languages’ Influence on Albanian Police Lexicon

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemsi Haziri
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
English Language ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
Autonomous Province ◽  
The Impact

In this study we attempted to thoroughly explain influences of foreign languages on police lexicon in Albanian language, with special focus on the influence of Serbian and English language in Kosovo, as well as the influence of Italian and English language in Albania. Influence of Serbian language only on police lexicon in Kosovo has been created due to historic circumstances of development of police activities under specific conditions. The impact of Serbian language on police lexicon in Albanian language in Kosovo was prevailing for a long period, during which Kosovo was under Serbian rule. This linguistic influence at its highest level in time period between 1970-1990, when Albanian language was used in police activities in Kosovo. In that time period most of the police officers were of the Albanian ethnicity and Kosovo had the status of autonomous province (1974-1990). English influence on police lexicon in Kosovo started in 1999 after liberation of Kosovo. From 1999 to 2008, English was used as the official language together with local languages Albanian and Serbian. This influence has not been limited only to police activities but it has spread widely into all fields of activities in Albanian language in Kosovo. Influence of English language in police lexicon is also evident in Albania, with words like: brifing (alb) – briefing (en), lidership (alb) – leadership (en), staf (alb.)– staff (en), task force (alb) – task force (en), etc. On the other hand Italian language is an influential language in police lexicon only in Albania due to historical, economic and cultural development. As a result, this is manifested by some basic words denoting police activities in Albania derived from Italian, like: komisiariati (alb) – commissariato (it), kavaleri (alb) – cavaleria (it), Policia e Shtetit (alb) - Polizia di Stato (it).

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