Elimination DNA database – an opportunity or a threat? A review of the functioning of elimination databases in selected countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ćwik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present System ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
European Network ◽  
Dna Databases ◽  
Database Querying ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contamination Events ◽  
Source Materials

One of the basic provisions laying down the rationale for the functioning of elimination DNA databases is the 20th recommendation of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes - ENFSI, set out in the document entitled: “The DNA Database management. Review and recommendations”, developed by ENFSI DNA Working Group. The recommendation states clearly that each DNA database should also include an elimination database(s) containing the profiles and data of persons who may have been the source of the so-called cross-contamination of traces being the subject of analysis. The purpose of this article was to illustrate the essence of functioning of elimination DNA databases on the example of selected countries, with particular regard to, among others, system solutions applied, directories of persons subject to registration, legal basis and the number of contamination events detected as a result of database querying. A bibliographic query and analysis of source materials and foreign procedures enabled the author to present system solutions and the basics of functioning of selected elimination DNA databases established worldwide. Moreover, the author emphasized the importance of elimination databases as a tool for identifying the offenders and highlighted certain opportunities and risks involved in their implementation.

scholarly journals ORTHODOX BROTHERHOODS OF UKRAINE IN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE XIX ‒ EARLY XXI CENTURY: SOURCE STUDY ASPECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Vasyl Menko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Basis ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Comprehensive Coverage

Summary. The purpose of the research is to show the historiographical source base of the study of Orthodox brotherhoods in Ukraine in the historical science of the XIX ‒ early XXI century. Show that the source base of the study is characterized by a sufficient variety of materials and comprehensive coverage of the subject, is representative. Prove that the historiographical source materials provide sufficient grounds for a reasonable assessment of the work on the study of various aspects of the genesis of the Orthodox brotherhoods of the Kyiv Metropolis of the XVI‒XVIII centuries, the legal basis of their existence and the main activities. The research methodology is based on the application of general scientific and special-historical methods. The principles of historicism, objectivity and value approach to the studied phenomena are observed. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the classification of historiographical sources for the study of the historiography of the Orthodox brotherhoods of Ukraine was carried out. Conclusions. The historiographical source base of the study of the Orthodox fraternities of Ukraine is characterized by a sufficient variety of materials and comprehensive coverage of the subject of study. In general, the source base is quite representative and able to ensure the implementation of the goal and solve research problems. Historiographical source materials provide sufficient grounds for a reasonable assessment of the work on the study of various aspects of the genesis of the Orthodox fraternities of the Kyiv metropolitanate, the legal basis for their existence and the main activities.

Quantification and Variability Analysis of Bacterial Cross-Contamination Rates in Common Food Service Tasks

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUHUAN CHEN ◽  
KRISTIN M. JACKSON ◽  
FABIOLA P. CHEA ◽  
DONALD W. SCHAFFNER
Keyword(s):  
Food Service ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Washing Efficiency ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Contamination Events

This study investigated bacterial transfer rates between hands and other common surfaces involved in food preparation in the kitchen. Nalidixic acid–resistant Enterobacter aerogenes B199A was used as a surrogate microorganism to follow the cross-contamination events. Samples from at least 30 different participants were collected to determine the statistical distribution of each cross-contamination rate and to quantify the natural variability associated with that rate. The transfer rates among hands, foods, and kitchen surfaces were highly variable, being as low as 0.0005% and as high as 100%. A normal distribution was used to describe the variability in the logarithm of the transfer rates. The mean ± SD of the normal distributions were, in log percent transfer rate, chicken to hand (0.94 ± 0.68), cutting board to lettuce (0.90 ± 0.59), spigot to hand (0.36 ± 0.90), hand to lettuce (−0.12 ± 1.07), prewashed hand to postwashed hand (i.e., hand washing efficiency) (−0.20 ± 1.42), and hand to spigot (−0.80 ± 1.09). Quantifying the cross-contamination risk associated with various steps in the food preparation process can provide a scientific basis for risk management efforts in both home and food service kitchens.

Role of Option of Defect in Tenders: A Study under Omani Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Maen Mohammad al-Qassaymeh ◽  
Nayel Musa Shaker al-Omran
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Bilateral Contracts ◽  
Governmental Body ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Injured Party

Abstract Option of defect is an important theory regulated in Omani Civil Law. It gives the injured party in bilateral contracts an option to rescind the contract if they find a defect in the subject matter of the contract. This theory is deemed a legal basis to refuse objects of sale by tender. In particular, it is useful when a guarantee that is given to the governmental body is insufficient to cover damages, due to bad performance of the contract. This article discusses how the option of defect is applied to sale by tender in Omani law.

scholarly journals Merarches in the thematic organization (9th-12th centuries)

2013 ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Milos Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Historical Documents ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Source Materials

The text cites the results of the study of the role of merarches, which were a part of the military organization of the Empire in the early Byzantine period. Later historical documents do not give any notion of this position for more than two centuries. The merarches became a part of the thematic organization in the middle of 9th century. Our ability to fully understand the nature of their function is limited due to the scarcity of source materials; this, however, may be overcome by taking into account, the general and political situation in the Empire, that is, by considering the military reforms executed in the 9th and 10th century. This paper focuses on the problem of the military-administrative competences of the merarches, which have been the subject of different interpretations in the modern, scholarly literature. One of the aims of this research is the definition of the timeframe within which the reestablishment of this rank in the Byzantine army occured.

scholarly journals Hybrid model of airlines as a determinant of the development of air carriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Anna Szymczak
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Air Carriers ◽  
Source Materials

The aviation market is one of the most dynamic factors determining economic develop-ment in the world. In addition, it is susceptible to economic and political crises. The air services market is also characterized by a very large diversity of clients within the market segments. Adaptation of an appropriate business model may be a condition for success, with the increase of ASK, RPK and LF ratios. The aim of the work is to indicate the basic elements of business models of airlines that make up the hybrid model. The article also describes the evolution of Ryanair, which from the carrier emphasizing the lowest price aspires to the carrier offering flights with better quality than its competitors. The source materials of the study are available literature on the subject, own analysis based on secondary sources.

scholarly journals LEGAL BASIS OF INTERACTION OF BODIES AND DIVISIONS OF THE NATIONAL POLICE WITH LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT BODIES IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC SAFETY AND ORDER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
Sergiy Vitvitskyi ◽  
◽  
Andriу Zakharchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mass Actions ◽  
Traffic Organization ◽  
National Police ◽  
And Control ◽  
Coordination And Control

The article analyzes the state of legislation as for provisions on the interaction of bodies and units of the National Police with local self governments in the field of public safety and order. The main directions of improving the legal basis of interaction of these bodies in this area are substantiated. One of the factors influencing the state of public safety and order in settlements is the degree of interaction of bodies and subdivisions of the National Police with local self-government bodies representing the respective territorial communities. According to the results of the study, the following areas of improvement of the legal basis for the interaction of bodies and units of the National Police with local self governments in the field of public safety and order were proposed: 1) standardization of the terms of cooperation of the specified bodies concerning maintenance of public safety and order in connection with the organization and carrying out of peaceful meetings and other mass actions; 2) consolidation of the recommended order of interaction between these bodies during the development and implementation of program documents on public safety and order; 3) determining the procedure for coordination by local self governments and the National Police in the field of coordination and control over the activities of public formations with regard of protection of public order and the state border; 4) legislative consolidation of the possibility of concluding agreements on interaction and coordination of activities by territorial police bodies and local self-government bodies; 5) determining the procedures for approval by territorial bodies (subdivisions) of the National Police of decisions of local self-government bodies on the issues of traffic organization and functioning of public transport. Separate elaboration requires regulatory regulation of relations arising in connection with the conduct of joint raids by representatives of local governments and the National Police and inspections of compliance with legislation in the field of landscaping, trade rules, etc. The search for optimal solutions to this problem should be the subject of further research.

Presidential Address delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Medico-Psychological Association, July 25, 1889

1889 ◽  
Vol 35 (151) ◽  
pp. 293-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hayes Newington
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Present System ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The Subject

Gentlemen,—I have chosen as the subject of this address a question which, though it is almost as old as the present system of treating the insane, has been revivified with so much vigour as to demand at our hands the close attention which we should feel bound to give to it had it been entirely new. I am about to offer you some remarks on what is called “Hospital treatment for recent and curable cases of insanity.” The reintroduction of this question is undoubtedly due to the necessity for the consideration of the great increase of the insane population; and it is appropriate in point of time; indeed, the time has been determined by the change in the composition of those bodies whose sanction and help are required for any new departure in this direction.

Who Gains?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1906 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Mogens Fosgerau ◽  
Niels Buus Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
European Network ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Public Decision

A public decision by several countries on whether to cofinance an international infrastructure project is the subject of a cost–benefit analysis (CBA). The CBA elements are broken out and analyzed for each country. The issue of freight user benefits is discussed, and results are derived from a partial equilibrium model and point toward practical applicability. A recent analysis of the Fehmarn Belt Bridge, which will connect Denmark and Germany in a link in the Trans-European Network for Transport, is used for illustrative purposes.

IV. John Lingard and the Simancas Archives

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Edwin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
English History ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Source Materials

John Lingard (1771–1851) was the first English historian to attempt to look at the history of England in the sixteenth century from an international point of view. He was unconvinced by the story of the Reformation in England as found in the works of previous historians such as Burnet and Hume, and believed that new light needed to be thrown on the subject. One way of doing this was to look at English history from the outside, so to speak, and Lingard held it to be a duty of the historian ‘to contrast foreign with native authorities, to hold the balance between them with an equal hand, and, forgetting that he is an Englishman, to judge impartially as a citizen of the world’. In pursuit of this ideal Lingard can be said to have given a new dimension to the source materials for English history. As parish priest in the small village of Hornby, near Lancaster, Lingard had few opportunities for travel. But he made good use of his various friends and former pupils at Douai and Ushaw colleges who were settled now in various parts of Europe. It was with the help of these friends that Lingard made contacts with and gained valuable information from archives in France, Italy and Spain. We shall concern ourselves here only with the story of Lingard's contacts with the great Spanish State Archives at Simancas.

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