scholarly journals Modeling the eye as a window on the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Lucia Carichino ◽  
Simone Cassani ◽  
Sergey Lapin ◽  
Alice Verticchio Vercellin
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Structural Functions ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Systemic pathologies such as diabetes and hypertension affect different organs and systems in the body. However, the first signs of these pathologies often emerge as alterations in visual and structural functions in the eye. As a consequence, the ophthalmologist is often the first physician to make a diagnosis of systemic diseases. In fact, the eye represents a unique organ where signs of systemic diseases may be assessed with non-invasive techniques.

scholarly journals Using Thermal Imaging to Monitor Body Temperature of Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in A Zoo Setting

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Narayan ◽  
Annabella Perakis ◽  
Will Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Non-invasive techniques can be applied for monitoring the physiology and behaviour of wildlife in Zoos to improve management and welfare. Thermal imaging technology has been used as a non-invasive technique to measure the body temperature of various domesticated and wildlife species. In this study, we evaluated the application of thermal imaging to measure the body temperature of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in a Zoo environment. The aim of the study was to determine the body feature most suitable for recording a koala’s body temperature (using coefficient of variation scores). We used a FLIR530TM IR thermal imaging camera to take images of each individual koala across three days in autumn 2018 at the Wildlife Sydney Zoo, Australia. Our results demonstrated that koalas had more than one reliable body feature for recording body temperature using the thermal imaging tool—the most reliable features were eyes and abdomen. This study provides first reported application of thermal imaging on an Australian native species in a Zoo and demonstrates its potential applicability as a humane/non-invasive technique for assessing the body temperature as an index of stress.

Desain Alat Ukur Kadar Asam Urat Non-Invasive Dengan Sensor Near Infrared

Lontara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Usman Umar ◽  
Hasmah Hasmah ◽  
Risnawaty Alyah ◽  
Anita Nur Syam
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Blood Uric Acid ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Gout disease or commonly known as gout arthritis is a disease caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in the body. Monitoring blood uric acid levels is currently still using invasive techniques by taking blood samples to be included in the test strip, this invasive technique measurement requires money and time to come to health clinics so that many people cannot monitor blood uric acid levels on a regular basis. This study aims to develop a measuring instrument for monitoring blood uric acid levels using sensors by utilizing the absorption and reflectance of infrared rays so that gout sufferers and other individuals can monitor blood uric acid levels regularly and are easy to use. The method of developing non-invasive techniques focuses on monitoring blood uric acid levels using a NIR sensor with an IR LED with a wavelength of 940 nm as a transmitter and a photodiode as a detector at a wavelength of 700-1300 nm and a microcontroller as a minimum system for control. The first stage is measuring uric acid levels with invasive techniques on participants and at the same time measuring voltages with sensors, the results with invasive techniques are correlated with sensor output voltages to obtain non-linear equations in polynomial form, for conversion programs on the microcontroller. The second stage is measuring uric acid levels with invasive techniques and invasive measurements on participants at the same time. Both monitoring results were analyzed by simple ANOVA statistics and calculated SEP and RMSE to determine the accuracy of the prediction equation and its accuracy value.

scholarly journals Pemantauan Kadar Asam Urat Non Invasive Real Time Menggunakan Sensor Near Infrared

Lontara ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Usman Umar ◽  
Risnawaty Alyah
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Gout or gout arthritis is a disease caused by the accumulation of monosodium uric crystals in the body. Uric acid is the result of the final metabolism of purines, which is a component of nucleic acids found in the body's cell nucleus. Increased uric acid can cause disturbances in the human body such as feelings of pain. The standard system used to measure uric acid levels in the blood, in general, is an invasive system that uses blood samples and is performed in clinics, health centers, and hospitals at a high cost. This research aims to develop a non-invasive system measuring gout using Near Infrared (NIR) sensor with 940 nm LED and Photodiode as a detector at a wavelength range of 600-1300 nm. The method of developing this tool begins with the stages, conducting a literature study resulting in tool design and tool making as well as tool validation by comparing invasive and non-invasive techniques. The results of this study produce a simple gout monitoring tool with an error value of 4% and low cost and easy to use. Analysis of the results of the tests using analysis of variance P-value> 0.05 and the t-test P (T <= t) 0.45> α shows that the tool designed can be used to monitor gout.

The use of velocity of ultrasound to monitor body composition in lactating cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
A. Cooper ◽  
K. Aston ◽  
M.S. Dhanoa ◽  
A.B. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Velocity Of Ultrasound ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Friesian Cows

Previous studies have shown that using non-invasive techniques such as the measurement of the velocity of ultrasound (VOS) through live animals (Sim. 1983) can, in the body of the lactating dairy cow, provide reliable estimates of chemical composition and energy content (Ivings,Gibb,Dhanoa and Fisher.1993). In this study VOS was used to monitor the changes in body composition of dairy cows fed concentrates containing differing levels of crude protein (CP).Fifty-five Holstein-Friesian cows were offered 5kg of fresh concentrate containing 156(L),245(M) or 338(H)g CP/kg dry matter (DM) together with grass silage (162g CP/kg DM,D value 0.723,ME 12.3 MJ/kg DM and pH 3.72) offered ad-libitum over weeks 4 to 21 of lactation. There were five treatments designated LL,LH,MM,HL, HH with a change of CP level where appropriate in week 13. Five cows were selected from each treatment and VOS measurements taken from two sites on the hindquarters (B and Bl) at weeks 12,15,18 and 21. Liveweights were also taken at this time.

scholarly journals Evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in Guadalupe Island, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar E. Becerril-García ◽  
Daniela Bernot-Simon ◽  
Marcial Arellano-Martínez ◽  
Felipe Galván-Magaña ◽  
Omar Santana-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ecosystem Studies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Guadalupe Island ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Management And Conservation

Abstract Shark-cephalopod interactions have been documented in trophic ecology studies around the world. However, there is little information about the encounters between white sharks Carcharodon carcharias and squids in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Here we provide evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in the waters of Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Through the use of non-invasive techniques, we found the presence of evident scars made by large squids on the body of the white sharks, mainly on the head and trunk, of at least 14 sharks recorded during August–December in the years 2008, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2019. The mean length of the white sharks was 3.7 m (SD ± 0.6; total length), although the majority of the sharks with scars were adult and subadult males (n = 9; 64%). One of these males was photographically recaptured during the same season in which the individual showed new scars, confirming that the squid-white shark interaction likely occurs near Guadalupe Island. Our results highlight the importance of the twilight zone for white sharks and the use of shared habitat and trophic interactions between squid and white sharks, in which future ecosystem studies should consider both species for management and conservation purposes.

scholarly journals Imaging techniques as a method of sectional examination in forensic veterinary medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6005-2018
Author(s):  
MAŁGORZATA GRELA ◽  
PIOTR LISTOS ◽  
MAGDALENA GRYZIŃSKA ◽  
WOJCIECH CHAGOWSKI ◽  
GRZEGORZ BUSZEWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Minimally Invasive Techniques ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Body Scanning ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

An autopsy or necropsy can be performed only once; therefore, its proper execution is of fundamental importance in explaining the cause of death. The protocol with photographic documentation is an integral part of the autopsy, but sometimes it does not fully reflect the state of the body and the pathological changes observed at each stage of the procedure. These shortcomings are addressed by modern imaging techniques, which are increasingly used during the autopsy of human bodies, but quite rarely during necropsy of animals. Non-invasive techniques (CT, MRI, or photogrammetry with laser body scanning), or in some cases also minimally invasive techniques (biopsy), enable comprehensive analysis of the carcass, but Virtopsy is only a supplement to the classical autopsy, especially in veterinary forensic medicine..

Glucose Calibration Modeling in Blood with Spline Regression Approaching to Non-Invasive Tools

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Ria Hayatun Nur ◽  
Indahwati A ◽  
Erfiani A
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Non Invasive

In this globalization era, health is the most important thing to be able to run various activities. Without good health, this will hinder many activities. Diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases caused by unhealty lifestyle.There are many treatments that can be done to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. The treatments are giving the insulin and also checking the glucose rate to the patients.Checking the glucose rate needs the tools which is safety to the body. This research want to develop non invasive tool which is safety and do not injure the patient. The purpose of this research is also finding the best model which derived from Linear, Quadratic, and Cubic Spline Regression. Some respondents were taking to get the glucose measuring by invasive and non invasive tools. It could be seen clearly that Spline Linear Regression was the best model than Quadratic and Cubic Spline Regression. It had 70% and 33.939 for R2 and RMSEP respectively.

Diagnostic Value of Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening of β-thalassemia by Cell Free Fetal DNA and Fetal NRBC

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Nadia Shafei ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi ◽  
Massoud Houshmand ◽  
Siavash Gerayeshnejad ◽  
Fardin Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Multiple Displacement Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Background: Beta thalassemia is a common disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. The most prenatal diagnostic methods are the invasive techniques that have the risk of miscarriage. Now the non-invasive methods will be gradually alternative for these invasive techniques. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of two non-invasive diagnostic methods for fetal thalassemia using cell free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) and nucleated RBC (NRBC) in one sampling community. Methods: 10 ml of blood was taken in two k3EDTA tube from 32 pregnant women (mean of gestational age = 11 weeks), who themselves and their husbands had minor thalassemia. One tube was used to enrich NRBC and other was used for cff-DNA extraction. NRBCs were isolated by MACS method and immunohistochemistry; the genome of stained cells was amplified by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) procedure. These products were used as template in b-globin segments PCR. cff-DNA was extracted by THP method and 300 bp areas were recovered from the agarose gel as fetus DNA. These DNA were used as template in touch down PCR to amplify b-globin gen. The amplified b-globin segments were sequenced and the results compared with CVS resul. Results: The data showed that sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by NRBC were 100% and 92% respectively and sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by cff-DNA were 100% and 84% respectively. Conclusion: These methods with high sensitivity can be used as screening test but due to their lower specificity than CVS, they cannot be used as diagnostic test.

Responses to External Emotions or their Transitions at Central to Peripheral Nervous System Levels: A Methodological Contribution to Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Bingren Zhang ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
Chanchan Shen ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Responses to external emotional-stimuli or their transitions might help to elucidate the scientific background and assist the clinical management of psychiatric problems, but pure emotional-materials and their utilization at different levels of neurophysiological processing are few. Objective: We aimed to describe the responses at central and peripheral levels in healthy volunteers and psychiatric patients when facing external emotions and their transitions. Methods: Using pictures and sounds with pure emotions of Disgust, Erotica, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, and Sadness or their transitions as stimuli, we have developed a series of non-invasive techniques, i.e., the event-related potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, excitatory and inhibitory brainstem reflexes, and polygraph, to assess different levels of neurophysiological responses in different populations. Results: Sample outcomes on various conditions were specific and distinguishable at cortical to peripheral levels in bipolar I and II disorder patients compared to healthy volunteers. Conclusions: Methodologically, designs with these pure emotions and their transitions are applicable, and results per se are specifically interpretable in patients with emotion-related problems.

scholarly journals When SEM becomes a deceptive tool of analysis: the unexpected discovery of epidermal glands with stalked ducts on the ultimate legs of geophilomorph centipedes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Sombke ◽  
Carsten H. G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Function ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Epidermal Glands ◽  
Intrinsic Musculature

Abstract Background The jointed appendage is a key novelty in arthropod evolution and arthropod legs are known to vary enormously in relation to function. Among centipedes, the ultimate legs always are distinctly different from locomotory legs, and different centipede taxa evolved different structural and functional modifications. In Geophilomorpha (soil centipedes), ultimate legs do not participate in locomotion and were interpret to serve a sensory function. They can be sexually dimorphic and in some species, male ultimate legs notably appear “hairy”. It can be assumed that the high abundance of sensilla indicates a pronounced sensory function. This study seeks for assessing the sensory diversity, however, documents the surprising and unique case of an extensive glandular epithelium in the ultimate legs of three phylogenetically distant species. Results The tightly aggregated epidermal glands with stalked ducts – mistakenly thought to be sensilla – were scrutinized using a multimodal microscopic approach comprising histology as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy in Haplophilus subterraneus. Hence, this is the first detailed account on centipede ultimate legs demonstrating an evolutionary transformation into a “secretory leg”. Additionally, we investigated sensory structures as well as anatomical features using microCT analysis. Contrary to its nomination as a tarsus, tarsus 1 possesses intrinsic musculature, which is an indication that this podomere might be a derivate of the tibia. Discussion The presence and identity of ultimate leg associated epidermal glands with stalked ducts is a new discovery for myriapods. A pronounced secretory as well as moderate sensory function in Haplophilus subterraneus can be concluded. The set of characters will improve future taxonomic studies, to test the hypotheses whether the presence of these specialized glands is a common feature in Geophilomorpha, and that tarsus 1 may be a derivate of the tibia. As the number of epidermal glands with stalked ducts is sexually dimorphic, their function might be connected to reproduction or a sex-specific defensive role. Our results, in particular the unexpected discovery of ‘glandular hairs’, may account for a striking example for how deceptive morphological descriptions of epidermal organs may be, if based on non-invasive techniques alone.

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