scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MONTENEGRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251-1257
Author(s):  
Edita Dautović ◽  
Nemša Omerhodžić ◽  
Sanja Lekić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Family ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Very High

This paper discusses the position of women in labor markets in order to raise awareness of women about the significance of their contribution to one society, and to develop women's entrepreneurship in order to empower and empower women. Although many positive changes in the position of women in the labor market in the long run have been achieved in the long run, many indicators show that it is still much worse than the position of men: the rate of economic activity and employment of women is much higher, and if the better position of women is today, Women on average wait longer for work, concentration of employed women in some, typically female activities, is still very high, etc. Such a situation requires the need to consider the possibilities of expanding and opening the space for the flexibility of their employment, as women still have to adjust their responsibilities in the family and at the workplace. Non-standard forms of employment are more and more common, they are not equally desirable. Holders of economic development are entrepreneurs who manifest their quality and success by competitiveness and improvement of their market position. The term "entrepreneur" is defined as a woman who has her own business and decides about it. Entrepreneurship, by definition, is characterized by the desire to earn a profit.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO IDENTIFYING INDUSTRIAL PRIORITIES OF EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ASSESSMENT OF THE PROCESS OF ITS RESTRUCTURIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Dodonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Sequential Process ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Selection Of

The regulation of the restructuring employment processes that occurs in the course of the development of the economy and the evolution of its structure should be based on the selection of sectoral priorities and be accompanied by an assessment of this process in terms of its compliance with the needs of the development of progressive types of economic activity. In this regard, the problem of elaborating methodological approaches that ensure the orderliness and controllability of the process of restructuring employment, including objectifying the choice of progressive industries and assessing the quality of shifts in the sectoral structure of employment, is highly relevant. The article substantiates approaches to identifying sectoral priorities for restructuring employment based on the criteria of economic efficiency and involvement in the implementation of government programs and also proposes a sequential process for evaluating the quality of shifts in employment based on their compliance with the selected sectoral priorities. Within the framework of the proposed approaches, using the example of the labor market in Kazakhstan, the results obtained are presented, such as a sequence of analytical actions to determine the range of priority sectors, a matrix for identifying sectoral priorities for employment, a scheme for implementing a methodological approach to assessing the quality of shifts in the sectoral structure of employment. On the basis of the proposed approaches, an assessment of the quality of shifts in the sectoral structure of employment in Kazakhstan was carried out and conclusions were drawn about the insufficient correspondence of these shifts to the priorities of the country's economic development.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
Eric A. Posner
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Independent Contractors ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Fragmentation ◽  
Social Surplus

Many people are worried about the fragmentation of labor markets, as firms replace employees with independent contractors. Another common worry is that low-skill work, and ultimately nearly all forms of work, will be replaced by robots as artificial intelligence advances. Labor market fragmentation is not a new phenomenon and can be addressed with stronger classification laws supplemented by antitrust enforcement. In fact, the gig economy has many attractive elements, and there is no reason to fear it as long as existing laws are enforced. Over the long run, artificial intelligence may replace much of the work currently performed by human beings. If it does, the appropriate response is not antitrust or employment regulation but policy that ensures the social surplus is fairly divided.

scholarly journals COVID-19 PANDEMIC’S IMPACT ON THE LABOUR MARKETS OF ASEAN MEMBER STATES (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Olga Pryazhnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact

The review examines the implications of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets of ASEAN countries. Shows that measures to contain the spread of COVID-19, taken by the governments of the alliance countries, such as lockdowns and isolation, have led to a decrease in economic activity and in employment. Notes that the most vulnerable groups in the labor market of the ASEAN countries in the context of the crisis provoked by COVID-19 are labor migrants and persons employed in the informal sector of the economy.

Die Ursachen der transatlantischen Produktivitätswachstumsunterschiede

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Besch ◽  
Guido Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Labor Market Reforms ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis paper gives a survey on the causes of the divergence in productivity growth rates between the U.S. and Europe in the last 15 years. It is shown that Europe’s lag in productivity growth can be traced to relative lower productivity growth in the service sector. This is due to over-regulated goods, capital, land, and labor markets. Although there is a consensus that in the long run no relationship exists between productivity growth and labor market performance, in terms of policy, well-specified labor market reforms are recommended to increase productivity growth in Europe. For labor market reforms are a necessary complement for productivity-enhancing product market reforms.

THE PROBLEMS OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
I. V. Krasnopevtseva ◽  
◽  
A. Ju. Krasnopevtsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Educational Structure ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Activity Types

The labor market is a rather dynamic system. Any shifts in the economy change its behavior and balance level, which causes the changes firstly of such indicators as employment and unemployment. It is impossible to ensure the employment level necessary for the region without competent regulation of the processes taking place in the labor market, which requires its constant study. The analytical studies provide the amount of information necessary to make managerial decisions aimed at the improvement of sustainability of the labor market and elaboration of more accurate strategies for its development. The paper studies the employment and unemployment indicators in the labor markets of some constituent entities of the Volga Federal District. The authors carried out the analysis of changes in the number of the employed population in the Samara, Saratov, and Ulyanovsk regions over the last decade, determined the main reasons for both positive and negative dynamics. The study of gender, age, and educational structure of the employed population allowed identifying the common patterns of socio-demographic aspects of employment in all labor markets under consideration. The study revealed the presence of unemployment in these labor markets and the gap between the levels of general and registered, identified the reasons explaining this gap, highlighted the social and economic consequences of unemployment for society and the state. The study of the employment level by the economic activity types allowed identifying general employment patterns by the economic activity types in all regions under consideration. The authors considered the availability of vacancies in the examined labor markets within different types of economic activity and identified that the manufacturing industries of each region had the most vacancies. Based on the research, the authors concluded on many problems occurring in the labor markets and formulated recommendations to improve the balance of their functioning.

Fluctuations and Rigidities in Local Labor Markets. Part 1: Theory and Evidence

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Clark
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Us Cities

Cyclical sensitivity in employment, wages, and hours worked are explored with reference to three industries and eleven US cities over the period 1972–1980. Conventional neoclassical discrete-exchange models of the labor market are shown to be inadequate because of marked rigidities in the patterns of short-run adjustment. Money wages are very stable, being dominated by a long-run trend, and firms tend to adjust hours worked and only then employment in the short run. There are, however, significant interregional variations in these patterns within the same industry. Spectral analysis and tests for periodicities in the patterns of residuals derived from trend-line estimates of money wages confirm a supposition that urban Phillips curves do not exist. The evidence supports the implicit notion of contract theory that continuous employer-worker relationships exist over the business cycle. The question of how useful, in general, this theory might be is left open for the present.

scholarly journals It’s time for Westernization: the advantages of the early start for long-term economic development at the local level

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1025
Author(s):  
Sotiris Kampanelis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
Urban Economic Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Abstract This article examines the ‘early start’ hypothesis at the local level in the context of Australian colonization. It is found that the longer a place experiences economic activity under European management, the higher the level of economic development it achieves in the long-run. A theoretical framework is proposed under which a set of dynamic forces work in aggregate and enhance urban economic development. Results from several robustness checks that account for an array of possible biases validate the initial findings. Overall, the nature of Australian colonization reflects a relatively random variation in the duration of the Western presence at the local level, causing uneven urban development.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION IN POLAND – SELECTED PROBLEMS AND CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Krystyna Melich-Iwanek
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The aim of the article is to analyze, from statistical and econometric perspectives, the dynamics of Poles’ economic activity, in particular, an attempt at a statistical measurement of the impact of select phenomena conditioning the labor market. Key considerations are preceded by a presentation the historical and current demographic situation in Poland. Problems of foreign migration and the aging of the Polish society were investigated. Moreover, impact of social policies on the labor market was analyzed, including the “Family 500+” program as well as regulations concerning retirement age. The study utilizes quantitative methods of time series analysis, including the time series models taking into account the occurrence of turning points. The results of research show, that: in the near future the Polish demographic situation will not improve, the lowering of retirement age is a threat to the labor market, the “500+” program not only did not influence a rise in fertility rate but lowered the rate of economic activity of women.

scholarly journals Η επίδραση της νόμιμης διαμονής στην κοινωνική ένταξη των μεταναστών στην Ελλάδα

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Δέσποινα Παπαδοπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Family ◽  
Work And Employment ◽  
Legal Immigrants

<p>This article examines how legal immigrants<br />integrate in the Greek labor market. The<br />analysis is based on the results of an<br />empirical research which was carried out in<br />three Greek cities, namely, Athens, Saloniki<br />and Ioannina, in 2006 and 2007. The research<br />took place in the framework of a research<br />programme evaluating the migrant policy in<br />Greece as an implementation of the European<br />Strategy for Employment. This article focuses<br />on the ultimate role of legitimization in the<br />processes of the immigrants’ entrance in the<br />labour market and their integration in Greek<br />society. The fi ndings show that stay permits<br />plays little infl uence or no infl uence on the<br />work and employment integration, but a<br />strong infl uence on the family re-unifi cation.<br />That is, the title of stay infl uences family<br />existence and maintenance, as well as child<br />achievement at school, but it does not help at<br />changing the occupational status or fi nding a<br />better job in the labor market. In the end, the<br />title of stay affects social integration in the<br />long run.</p>

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293
Author(s):  
Metodi Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness

The development of regional the labor markets must be the result of a coherent and sustainable strategy for economic development with a clear vision of economic structuring and labor demand in the medium term. Regionally aspect, the countries of Southeast Europe are experiencing serious difficulties in securing a quality workforce of specialists with secondary education who are well trained professionals with the necessary communication skills and ability to work with modern technologies. On the other hand, the trend of outflow of specialists from the countries, especially important is the continued emigration of young people as a result of which will emerge not only quantitative but also qualitative workforce problems in the coming years. Government policy should be aimed at seeking ways to stimulate job creation in sectors providing higher productivity and competitiveness rather than those who have traditional and low productive nature. Identifying and taking into account the peculiarities of economic development and the possible impacts on the labor market is becoming an essential element of the process of creating labor market policies that should aim to influence the processes or behavior of the target groups in accordance with the objectives set out and planned to be achieved. The implementation of effective youth activities and youth programs in the regions must to be decision-making process with the active cooperation and partnership of the decentralized and deconcentrated administration, in partnership with the non-governmental sector, the employers' organizations, the vocational schools, the labor offices, the existing centers for qualification and retraining. In Bulgaria there are negative trends in the labor market, which are related to the decrease of the number of the active population, which is accompanied by an increase of the unemployed persons, the persons outside the labor force as well as the discouraged persons, as a result of demographic problems and the crisis is diminishing the active population. About the solving labor market problems requires reforms that need to be pursued in parallel in the fields of labor law, health, education, the pension system, business environment, increasing the efficiency of using public funds, taking into account interregional peculiarities and differences in promotion of investments in opening new high-quality and sustainable jobs in the individual territorial-administrative units (or different regions).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document