scholarly journals Perceived Importance of Core Competencies among Extension Professionals in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Ramjee Ghimire ◽  
Murari Suvedi ◽  
Michael Kaplowitz ◽  
Robert B. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Core Competencies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Extension Professionals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Context Specific

Agricultural systems are evolving globally. Farmers and agri-entrepreneurs are demanding trustworthy and efficient extension and advisory services that they can rely on to improve their farming systems and associated enterprises. In this context, extension professionals are expected to be versatile and be competent in their services. Competency refers to having required knowledge, skills and abilities in both process skills and technical subject matters to effectively deliver assigned services. Competency needs are context specific and dynamic. Thus, it is imperative to periodically examine what competencies extension professionals possess and how they value them. This cross-sectional study sought to examine the perceived importance of key competencies among agricultural extension professionals in Nepal. Extension professionals in Nepal’s public agricultural and livestock development offices and agriculture-based non-governmental organizations comprised the study population. Survey data were collected from August to September 2015 through self-, group-administered, and web-based questionnaire. The respondents rated eight core competencies as important or very important. Their perceptions of the importance of these core competencies significantly differed across their current positions, level of education, age, and experience in extension services but not across their educational institutions, employers, and gender. There is a need to develop extension education curricula integrating these core competencies and providing education and training on these core competencies to extension professionals.

Underuse of Injectable Penicillin in Secondary Prophylaxis of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 009-012
Author(s):  
Laudari S
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Background and Aims: Secondary prophylaxis has remained the mainstay of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease management. Despite the proven ef􀏐icacy and superiority of injectable penicillin in rheumatic heart disease patients, it has been underused in Nepal. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study during June 2014 to October 2018 over a period of 52 months at College of Medical Sciences-Bharatpur including 350 patients with clinical and/or echocardiographic evidence of de􀏐inite rheumatic heart disease. Data was collected from both cardiology outpatients and inpatients (admitted in cardioward/coronary care unit). Relevant data and information were entered into the pre-structured proforma and then analyzed by SPSS-16 software. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 6 to 80 years with mean age 36.76±4.6years with female preponderance (F:M=1.26:1). The predominantly involved isolated valve was mitral in 152 patients (44.43%) followed by aortic valve in 70 patients (20.00%) and rest 90 (25.71%) had dual valvular involvement. The common complications encountered were heart failure in 200(57.14%) and arrhythmias in 155(44.29%) patients. Two hundred ten (60.00%) of the patients received penicillin (oral and injectable) and erythromycin. Majority 180/210=85.71%) were prescribed on oral penicillin whereas only 46/210=21.90% received injectable penicillin; the ratio being 3.35:1. Conclusion: RHD is a leading cause of heart failure and death among young population. There is underuse of penicillin with very minimal focus on use of injectable penicillins currently. Hence, Nepal government and other non-governmental organizations should consider implementation of use of penicillin broadly and moreover focus on use and adherence of injectable penicillin. Keywords: Rheumatic Heart Disease, Penicillin, Underuse, Secondary Prophylaxis.

scholarly journals HIV/TB co-infection and availability of health services in relation to socio-economic status

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Bhim Bahadur Subba ◽  
Nirmal Rimal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

  The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic disproportionate affects especially less developed countries and underprivileged communities. HIV weakens immune system of infected individuals and making them more susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) infection. Both HIV and TB disease are supposed to fuel each other socially and biologically and it is further fuelled by such as poor accessibility to services, illiteracy, stigma and discrimination all these factors have pushed Nepal into more vulnerability. This article aimed to find out the availability and accessibility to the HIV/TB services in relation to socio-economic status of respondents. A cross sectional study was conducted at four HIV care and prevention centers of different non-governmental organizations (NGOs) of Nepal. In the study, 51 samples were selected using random sampling procedures who gave consent to the interview. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Confidentiality was highly maintained and data were analyzed. The result showed mean age of respondents’ was 36.38 years. The pre-dominant 96.1 percent of respondents were from 18-54 years of age. Respondents from all socio-economic status almost two-third indented to use government hospital than private HIV/TB services. The majority 98.0 percent of HIV infected respondents belonged to destitute to better off economic status and they were further disadvantaged by lack of knowledge and information of HIV/TB services such cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and viral load service.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on quality of life among the elderly in non-governmental organizations’ elderly homes in Kuala Lumpur

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obinna Francis Onunkwor ◽  
Sami Abdo Radman Al-Dubai ◽  
Philip Parikial George ◽  
John Arokiasamy ◽  
Hemetram Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

scholarly journals Women’s attitude towards breast cancer in Baghdad city, Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1800
Author(s):  
Tiba Nezar Hasan ◽  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Hasanain Faisal Ghazi ◽  
Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Health Promotions ◽  
Working Status ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women all over the world. The aim of this study was to measure the attitude of women regarding breast cancer and its associated factors in Baghdad city, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 508 women aged 18 years old and above recruited randomly from 4 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Baghdad City during 2015. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from respondents. Results: A total of 66.1% had a good attitude, the association between attitude and marital status, education was not significant, while working status was significant with P value of 0.001. After controlling for other cofounders, the contributors for poor attitude were not working, P value of 0.002 and adjusted odds ratio of 2.08. Conclusions: The attitude among the respondents still considered not good as almost one-thirds of the respondents had poor attitude. The most important contributor to poor attitude was working status. More education and health promotions need to be done among general population to educate them regarding breast cancer in Baghdad City, Iraq. 

scholarly journals Self-medication practices and rational drug use habits among university students: a cross-sectional study from Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Azim Okyay ◽  
Ayşegül Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

BackgroundSelf-medication refers to the use of medicines to treat self-diagnosed diseases without consulting any healthcare professionals. Irrational drug use and self-medication have serious negative consequences both on health and economy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the habits related to rational use of drugs (RUD) and to estimate the prevalence of self-medication practices among university students.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on university students in Kahramanmaraş. From May 2017 to June 2017 a total of 960 students filled a “Rational Use of Drugs Questionnaire”.ResultsThe prevalence of practicing self-medication in students was 63.4%. The most common medicines that the students had consumed without prescription were analgesics by 39.5%, antibiotics by 36.9% and cold remedies by 24.0%. The rate of students who declared that they were familiar with RUD and “rational use of antibiotics” (RUA) was 45.9%. Reading/checking the instructions in the prospectus (OR = 1.529, 95% CI [1.176–1.990]), understanding the context of the prospectus (OR = 1.893, 95% CI [1.387–2.584]), compliance with the duration of antibiotic treatment (OR = 1.597, 95% CI [1.231–2.071]) and consulting a physician in case of a side effect (OR = 1.350, 95% CI [1.037–1.757]) were significantly higher among students who were familiar with RUD as compared to who were not.DiscussionSince the awareness of RUD among university students was found to be inadequate, it has critical importance to hold educational activities with the cooperation of physicians, health organizations, universities, non-governmental organizations and media to avoid negative consequences of irrational drug use and self-medication.

scholarly journals Komunikasi Dalam Keluarga dan Asertifitas Remaja Penyalahguna Narkoba

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
◽  
Irfani Arista ◽  
Mirdat Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
Family Communication ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Selection Of

Drug abuse is a quite serious problem and its handling involves various stakeholders. This study aims to analyze how the influence of family communication on the assertiveness of adolescent drug abusers. This study used a cross-sectional study design and was carried out at National Narcotics Agency, Jakarta Timur City (BNNK), Jakarta Timur and Non-Governmental Organizations under the guidance of the BNNK, Jakarta Timur namely: Balarenik Foundation and Swara Peduli Indonesia Foundation. The selection of research locations is done by snowball sampling. The population of this study is adolescent drug abusers in Jakarta Timur, Jakarta. The respondents of this study were 68 adolescent drug abusers in BNNK, Jakarta Timur, Balarenik Foundation, and Indonesian Swara Care Foundation. The sampling technique in this study uses non-probability sampling with purposive sampling. The findings in this study are that there is a significant positive effect of family communication on adolescent assertiveness. The determinant coefficient in this study was 62%, which means that the assertiveness of adolescent abusers of narcotics is determined by the communication of the of family of 62% and 38% is determined by other factors.

Factors Affecting the Use of ICT Services in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisalem Genta Gemiya
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Ict Service ◽  
Major Emphasis

ICT is used to enhance the overall activities of individuals, administrative processes of businesses and various governmental and non-governmental organizations. Despite its advantage in all aspects of development, it has drawn low attention in expanding the services in general and utilizing the technology in particular. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the main factors that affected the usage of ICT in Illubabor zone, Ethiopia. A descriptive cross-sectional study design with quantitative and qualitative data collection method was carried out. The data was collected from 195 samples by using structured questionnaires and observations by employing simple random and purposive sampling techniques. SPSS version 16 was used for data analysis. The study confirmed that lack of computer skill training for staff and lack of sufficient budget for the provision of ICT are the major bottlenecks in expanding ICT service in the zone. Major emphasis should be given in enhancing the awareness of government employees to make use of ICT services in their daily official work.

scholarly journals Use of face masks to limit the spread of the COVID-19 among western Ugandans: Knowledge, attitude and practices

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248706
Author(s):  
Franck Katembo Sikakulya ◽  
Robinson Ssebuufu ◽  
Simon Binezero Mambo ◽  
Theophilus Pius ◽  
Annet Kabanyoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Face

Background The world is grappling with an ever-changing COVID-19 pandemic using preventive measures such as personal hygiene, face masks, restrictions on travel and gatherings in communities, in addition to a race to find a vaccine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the western Uganda community on the proper use of face masks to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire was carried out from 1st July to 10th July 2020 among western Ugandans of consent age of 18 years and above. Data was analysed using Stata version 14.2. Results Among the respondents (n = 1114), the mean age was 30.7 (SD 11.1), 51% were males, 53.9% married and 43% had attained secondary education. Most participants (60.1%, n = 670) had satisfactory knowledge on the use of face masks and participants at a tertiary education level [AOR 2.6 (95% CI: 1.42–4.67; p = 0.002)] were likely to have satisfactory knowledge than participants who had not education. On attitude, most respondents (69.4%) were confident enough to correctly put on a face mask; 83.4% believed that a face mask can protect against COVID-19 and 75.9% of respondents had never shared their face mask. The majority of respondents (95.2%) agreed wearing face masks in public places was important to protect themselves against COVID-19; 60.3% reported washing their hands before wearing and after removing the face mask. Unfortunately, 51.5% reported removing the face mask if they needed to talk to someone. Conclusion Despite the satisfactory knowledge, good attitude and practices, there is still much more to be done in terms of knowledge, attitude and practices among participants. Government, non-governmental organizations and civil society should improve sensitization of populations on how to behave with face masks while talking to avoid the spread of the COVID-19 among western Ugandans.

CONCENTRATION OF THE SERUM TGF-BETA1 IN HEALTHY ADULT PEOPLE

2014 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Van Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo ◽  
Bui Bao Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Elevated serum Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels have been linked to tissue fibrosis including chronic kidney disease. Objectives: (1) Investigate serum TGF-beta1 levels in healthy adult people and (2) Examined the relation between serum TGF-beta1 level and gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Method: A cross-sectional study. TGF-beta1 were quantified by ELISA. Results: Levels of serum TGF-beta1 in healthy people were 13,45 ± 7,17 ng/mL mL (0,59 - 33,10 ng/mL). There are no difference of serum TGF-beta1 levels between men and women, between the age groups (<40 years, 40 to < 60 years and ≥ 60 years), between BMI groups < 23 and BMI group ≥ 23. Key words: TGF-beta1, healthy people

scholarly journals Attitudes of pharmacy students towards patient safety: a cross-sectional study from six developing countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e039459
Author(s):  
Abdallah Y Naser ◽  
Zahra Khalil Alsairafi ◽  
Ahmed Awaisu ◽  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Oriana Awwad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo evaluate the attitudes of undergraduate pharmacy students towards patient safety in six developing countries.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingParticipants were enrolled from the participating universities in six countries.ParticipantsUndergraduate pharmacy students from the participating universities in six developing countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, India and Indonesia) were invited to participate in the study between October 2018 and September 2019.Primary outcomeAttitudes towards patient safety was measured using 14-item questionnaire that contained five subscales: being quality-improvement focused, internalising errors regardless of harm, value of contextual learning, acceptability of questioning more senior healthcare professionals’ behaviour and attitude towards open disclosure. Multiple-linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of positive attitudes towards patient safety.ResultsA total of 2595 students participated in this study (1044 from Jordan, 514 from Saudi Arabia, 134 from Kuwait, 61 from Qatar, 416 from India and 429 from Indonesia). Overall, the pharmacy students reported a positive attitude towards patient safety with a mean score of 37.4 (SD=7.0) out of 56 (66.8%). The ‘being quality-improvement focused’ subscale had the highest score, 75.6%. The subscale with the lowest score was ‘internalising errors regardless of harm’, 49.2%. Female students had significantly better attitudes towards patient safety scores compared with male students (p=0.001). Being at a higher level of study and involvement in or witnessing harm to patients while practising were important predictors of negative attitudes towards patient safety (p<0.001).ConclusionPatient safety content should be covered comprehensively in pharmacy curricula and reinforced in each year of study. This should be more focused on students in their final year of study and who have started their training. This will ensure that the next generation of pharmacists are equipped with the requisite knowledge, core competencies and attitudes to ensure optimal patient safety when they practice.

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