Kajian Pengaruh Pelarut Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Alga Coklat Genus Sargassum dengan Metode Dpph

Brown algae of the genus Sargassum contain phenolic, chlorophyll and carotenoid compounds that function as the most effective antioxidants. The withdrawal of active compounds from natural ingredients is influenced by the nature of the polarity of a solvent. This study aims to examine the effect of solvent variations on antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites in the genus sargassum using the DPPH method. : This research was conducted using a journal review method using secondary data The solvents used were ethanol and methanol (polar), ethyl acetate (semi polar) and n-hexane (non polar). Antioxidant activity Sargassum in ethyl acetate solvent, namely IC50 = 68.89 mg/L, methanol = 69.27 mg/L, ethanol = 239.51 mg/L and n-hexane = 148 ,16 mg/L. The content of secondary metabolites that have antioxidant activity is phenolic compounds of 1,348.18 mg GAE/g, chlorophyll of 2.84 mg/g and carotenoids of 2.69 mol/g. The solvent variation has an influence on the antioxidant activity. ABSTRAK Alga coklat genus Sargassum mengandung senyawa fenolik, klorofil dan karotenoid yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan yang paling efektif. Penarikan senyawa aktif dari bahan alam dipengaruhi oleh sifat kepolaran suatu pelarut. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh variasi pelarut terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada genus (Sargassum) dengan metode DPPH. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode review jurnal menggunakan data sekunder. Pelarut yang digunakan yaitu etanol dan metanol (polar), etil asetat (semi polar) dan n-heksan (non polar). Aktivitas antioksidan (Sargassum) pada pelarut etil asetat yaitu IC50 = 68,89 mg/L, methanol = 69,27 mg/L, etanol = 239,51 mg/L dan n-heksan = 148,16 mg/L. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan adalah senyawa fenolik sebesar 1.348,18 ± 2.57 mg GAE/g, klorofil sebesar 2,84 mg/g dan karotenoid sebesar 2,69 µmol/g. Variasi pelarut memberikan pengaruh terhadap aktivitas antioksidan.

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Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Water, Ethyl Acetate and Hexane Fractions from the Mangrove Young Leaves Sonneratia alba

Chemical Science International Journal ◽

10.9734/csji/2021/v30i230215 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 23-32

Author(s):

Verly Dotulong ◽

Djuhria Wonggo ◽

Lita A. D. Y. Montolalu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Sonneratia Alba ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Young Leaves

The fractions from young leaves of mangrove Sonneratia alba was studied for its associated secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite components and antioxidant activity of water, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions of the young leaves of mangrove S. alba. The fraction was obtained from dry powder of young leaf S.alba using continuous fractionation of crude extracts. The crude extract was attained by 2 extraction methods (soxhlet and maceration) and 2 extraction solvents (methanol and ethanol). Secondary metabolites analyses were qualitatively conducted to detect the presence or absence of phenols, flavonoid, tannin, steroid, triterpenoid and alkaloid. Total phenols were measured using Folin Ciocalteau reagents and gallic acid standard curves whereas antioxidant activity were analyzed using DPPH method (1- 1-diphenil-2-picrihydrasil). Results showed that all fractions contained secondary metabolite components tested. The highest rendement was found in the water fraction fromsoxhletation extract with methanol (6.36±0.29%). The total phenol values were found the highest in the ethylacetatefraction from macerated extract with ethanol (352±9.77 mgGAE/g). Stronger antioxidant activity was also found in ethylacetate fraction as indicated by the small value of IC50 DPPH namely the ethylacetate fraction with soxhletation extract with ethanol (3.43±0.25 µg / mL). The results of this study indicate that the semipolar fraction (ethylacetate fraction) has more potential as a source of natural antioxidants.

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IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLIC AND TEST OF ACTIVITY ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF BANGUN¬- BANGUN (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) LEAVES AS ANTIOXIDANT

BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) ◽

10.31289/biolink.v7i1.3732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 117-122

Author(s):

Kasta Gurning

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Oxidation Process ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

The Body ◽

Synthetic Antioxidants ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Coleus Amboinicus

Antioxidants have an important role in delaying the oxidation process and preventing the occurrence of degenerative diseases in the body. Antioxidants consist of synthetic and natural; the use of synthetic antioxidants in a relatively long period is hazardous so that the use of natural antioxidants is considered more potential and safe for the body. The process of extracting secondary metabolites from the leaves of bangun-bangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) is carried out by the maceration method with methanol, then partitioned in stages with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. This research intends to identify secondary metabolites and test antioxidant activity from the ethyl acetate fraction with the DPPH method. Phytochemical screening results of ethyl acetate fraction showed the different secondary metabolite groups such as alkaloids, phenolics & polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarin, and triterpenoids. Antioxidant activity (IC50) obtained is 64.97 with a healthy category, so that the potential to be used as a natural antioxidant.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSRTRAK LUMUT HATI (Marchantia polymorpha)

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i3.14981 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 315-321

Author(s):

Nurhaeni Nurhaeni ◽

Gladys ◽

Jaya Hardi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Polar Solvent ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Marchantia Polymorpha ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ethanol Fraction

The research is about antioxidant activity of the liverworts (Marchatia polymorpha) extract based on the level of a polar solvent. This research was done by maceration of liverworts by using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvent. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fraction were tested the antioxidant activity by using DPPH method. The result was obtained for antioxidant activity (IC50) on n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and vitamin C is 1065.33 ppm, 1326.52 ppm, 1876.11 ppm, and 13.45 ppm, respectively. The liverworts extract was identified contains secondary metabolites compounds of flavonoid, tannins, polyphenol, alkaloid, and steroid. Keywords: Liverwort extract, antioxidant, IC50

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Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities From Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Curry Leaf Using DPPH Method

Elkawnie ◽

10.22373/ekw.v7i1.8059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ulil Amna ◽

Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah ◽

Furqan Nur Ihsan ◽

Puji Wahyuningsih

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Murraya Koenigii ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Abstract: Curry Plant (Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng) is one of the plants that thrive in Indonesia. Curry contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids and flavonoids that have the potential as antioxidants. Antioxidants can reduce the activity of free radicals that can cause degenerative diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease, and premature ageing of body cells by donating the protons to free radical compounds. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and identify the active compound class of ethyl acetate fraction from curry leaves. Separation of secondary metabolites of ethyl acetate extracts was carried out by column chromatography method, which obtained 5 different fractions. The antioxidant activity of fractions A, B, C, D, and E was tested using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method with variations concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm, and ascorbic acid was used as a comparison which measured at a wavelength of 517 nm. The results showed that fractions A and E have weak antioxidant activities, while fractions B, C, and D showed moderate antioxidant activities. The highest antioxidant activity was found in fraction B with an IC50 value of 341.38 ppm, where the fraction showed the presence of secondary metabolites of alkaloids and terpenoids.Abstrak: Tanaman kari ((Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang tersebar di Indonesia. Kari mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid dan flavonoid yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat mengurangi aktivitas radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit degeneratif seperti kanker, penyakit jantung coroner dan penuaan sel dengan cara menyumbangkan proton pada senyawa radikal bebas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan mengidentifikasi kelas senyawa aktif fraksi etil asetat dari daun kari. Pemisahan metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak etil asetat dilakukan menggunakan metode kromatografi kolom dengan menghasilkan 5 fraksi yang berbeda. Aktivitas antioksidan dari fraksi A, B, C ,D ,dan E dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-pikrilhydrazil) dengan variasi konsentrasi 25, 50, 100, 200, dan 400 ppm dan asam askorbat digunakan sebagai perbandingan yang diukur pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa fraksi A dan E memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lemah, sedangkan fraksi B, C, dan D menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan sedang. Aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi ditemukan pada fraksi B dengan IC50 341,38 ppm. Fraksi tersebut menunjukkan adanya kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid dan terpenoid.

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POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DARI KULIT BATANG EBONI (Diospyros celebica Bakh.)

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i2.11642 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 155-165

Author(s):

Vivi Sasmita ◽

Ahmad Ridhay ◽

Hardi Ys

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Spectral Data ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Wave Number ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Ic50 Value

Research on the antioxidant potential of the secondary metabolite compound, ethyl acetate from ebony bark (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) has been conducted. This study aims to characterize and determine the antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites of ethyl acetate fraction from ebony bark. Ethyl acetate extract was fractionated using Liquid Vacum Chromatography (KVC) and Gravity Column Chromatography (KKG). The isolated compounds were characterized using UV-Vis and IR spectrophotometers. Data on maximum absorption of λmax 273 nm from UV-Vis analysis showed the presence of chromophore phenol. IR spectral data showed several specific peaks, among others, at wave number (ʋ) of 3425.58 cm-1 indicating the presence of –OH group, C-H aliphatic bond at ʋ of 2924.09 cm-1 and 2854.65 cm-1, and the peak at ʋ of 1604.77 -1465.90 cm-1 and 3078.39 cm-1 indicated the aromatic group, reinforcing the assumption that the isolates produced were phenolic compounds. IC50 value of 75.47 µg/mL from antioxidant activity testing showed that the isolates obtained were antioxidant compounds with strong antioxidant categories. Keywords: antioxidant, Diospyros, ebony, phenolic, isolation

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK BUAH PURNAJIWA (Kopsia arborea Blume.) DENGAN BERBAGAI PELARUT

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/j24775398.2017.v3.i1.8230 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Didit Purwanto ◽

Syaiful Bahri ◽

Ahmad Ridhay

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ic50 Values

Antioxidant activity of Purnajiwa (Kopsia arborea Blume.) fruit has been investigated.The fruit was extracted by various solvents such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The aim of the research is to define a class of compounds and antioxidant activity. The compounds test was conducted by the phytochemical method. The results showed that the purnajiwa fruit extract is classified as secondary metabolites of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and steroids. The antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method and the amount of antioxidant activity was characterized by IC50 values. The result indicated that the antioxidant activity (IC50) for n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents is 3524.05 ppm, 316.09 ppm, and 154.89 ppm respectively.Keywords: Purnajiwa Fruit, Antioxidant, DPPH, Phytochemicals

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Antioxidant Activity, Inhibition α-Glucosidase of Ethanol Extract of Strychnos nitida G. Don and Identification of Active Compounds

Current Biochemistry ◽

10.29244/cb.5.3.11-20 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 11-20

Author(s):

Stefani Dhale Rale ◽

Hasim Hasim ◽

Syamsul Falah

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Activity Inhibition ◽

Activity Test ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

This study aims to find the treatment of diabetes using natural materials by exploring plants in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. his research was conducted out by extracting the Strychnos nitida G.Don stem using a method of maceration by ethanol 70%. Ethanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Simplicia from maceration and fractionation results were then tested for antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibition activity and identification of active compounds. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 value of 86.83 μg / ml. Results of the α-glucosidase activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction and n-heksan fraction at 900 ppm had the highest percentage of inhibition of 34.23% and 33.89%. Identification using LCMS/MS method showed that ethyl acetate fraction consist of Benzenemethamine, N, N-dioctyl- as an antioxidantcompound and compound 24-methyl-5-cholestone-hexol as an antidiabetic compound. From the results of this study, we concluded that the extract of kayu ular Strychnos nitida G.Don stem has inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme.

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Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antitumor activities of the red propolis Alagoas

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.182959 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 452-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

F. R. G. Silva ◽

T. M. S. Matias ◽

L. I. O. Souza ◽

T. J. Matos-Rocha ◽

S. A. Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Dpph Method

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, toxicity and phytochemical screening of the Red Propolis Alagoas. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method. Determination of antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH assay (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FTC (ferric thiocyanate) and determination of phenolic compounds by Follin method. Toxicity was performed by the method of Artemia salina and cytotoxicity by MTT method. The phytochemical screening for the detection of allelochemicals was performed. The ethanol extract of propolis of Alagoas showed significant results for antimicrobial activity, and inhibitory activity for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida krusei. The antioxidant activity of the FTC method was 80% to 108.3% hydrogen peroxide kidnapping, the DPPH method showed an EC50 3.97 mg/mL, the content of total phenolic compounds was determined by calibration curve gallic acid, resulting from 0.0005 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent. The extract was non-toxic by A. salina method. The propolis extract showed high activity with a higher percentage than 75% inhibition of tumor cells OVCAR-8, SF-295 and HCT116. Chemical constituents were observed as flavonones, xanthones, flavonols, and Chalcones Auronas, Catechins and leucoanthocyanidins. It is concluded that the extract can be tested is considered a potential source of bioactive metabolites.

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NEW FLAVONOIDS FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF POLYGONUM EQUISETIFORME SM (POLYGONACEAE)

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.15593 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sayed A. El-toumy ◽

Joslin Y. Salib ◽

Nabila H. Shafik ◽

Asmaa S. Abd Elkarim ◽

Gihan A. Mick

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective: The current study was to deal the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from Polygonum equisetiforme and evaluation of antioxidant activity of its extract.Methods: The methanol-water extract (7:3) of the air-dried aerial parts of Polygonum equisetiforme was fractionated and separated to obtain the isolated compounds by different chromatographic techniques. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by UV and 1D⁄2D H⁄ C NMR spectroscopy and compared with the literature data. The crude extract was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using the 2,2 diphenyl dipicryl hydrazine (DPPH) method.Results: Ten secondary metabolites were isolated from Polygonum equisetiforme in this study. Of which three new flavonoids named as 3,5,7,2’,5’ pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3,5,7,2’,5’ pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside 8 C-sulphated (2) and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucucorinde 6''-methyl ester 8-sulphated (3) as well as quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucucorinde methyl ester (4), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin(7), myricetin (8), P-methoxy gallic acid methyl ester (9) and gallic acid (10). The antioxidant potential of P. equisetiforme extract was evaluated by investigating it's total phenolic and flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity whereby the extract showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 37.45 μg/ml). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 130.79±5.502 and 45.8±1.63 μg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: Polygonum equisetiforme is a promising medicinal plant, and our study tends to support the therapeutic value of this plant as an antioxidant drug.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DYPSIS LEPTOCHEILOS LEAVES EXTRACT AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF THE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i11.39481 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 106-113

Author(s):

HAITHAM ALI IBRAHIM ◽

FATEHIA SAYED ELSHARAWY ◽

MAHMMOUD ELHASSAB ◽

SAMAH SHABANA ◽

EMAN GABER HAGGAG

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Chromatographic Separation ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Docking Study ◽

Separation Techniques ◽

Reference Drug ◽

First Time ◽

Mcf 7

Objective: phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves, in addition to evaluation of the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the AME and EAF. Docking was used to predict and understand cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds. Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves was subjected to different chromatographic separation techniques. Structures of the isolated compounds were established by different spectroscopic techniques (1H/13C NMR). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay, while cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT cell viability assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion method. The docking study was conducted using Auto Dock Vina; the estrogen receptor (PDB 5t92) was used as a receptor for the docking. Results: Chromatographic separation techniques were led to the isolation of five phenolic compounds; these compounds were identified to be apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Vitexin) (1), apigenin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Isovitexin) (2), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Orientin) (4), luteolin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Isoorientin) (5). They were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant species. The AME and EAF showed moderate activity against Gram positive and Gram negatvie bacteria, while both of them showed similar and powerful antioxidant activity with SC50 = 12.8±0.56 µg/ml and SC50 = 17±0.77 µg/ml respectively, compared to ascorbic (reference drug) SC50 = 14.2±0.35 µg/ml. The EAF showed higher cytotoxic activity on the MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line), with IC50 = 12.3 ± 1.82 µg/ml, compared to Vinblastine Sulfate (reference drug). All isolated compounds showed good binding affinity to the estrogen receptors existed in the MCF-7 cell. Conclusion: Five phenolic compounds were isolated for the first time from the EAF of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves. The AME and EAF extracts showed variable antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

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