scholarly journals Socio-Economic and Regional Factors of Digital Literacy Related to Prosperity

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Urbancikova ◽  
Nataliia Manakova ◽  
Bielcheva Ganna
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
City Size ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Surveys ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Item Cluster ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> to study social, economic, demographic, regional factors of digital literacy as a basis of digital prosperity.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> Three research questions are studied, using regression models for cross-sectional data - Pooling model, Random effects model and Fixed-effects model and the Item Cluster Analysis method.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> Age, education, income and household type are the most significant factors of digital literacy, giving rise to the societal digital divide in Slovakia. Less important factors are the city size and the sector of the economy, but only weak is the influence of region, gender and nationality.</p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> Only the contingency tables of the longitudinal surveys were available, so the microanalysis was not possible.

scholarly journals Governance and Domestic Investment in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimere Okechukwu Iheonu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
World Governance Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The study empirically examined the impact of governance on domestic investment in 16 African countries with a balanced panel data set, between the years 2002 and 2015. The study employed six unbundled governance indicators from the World Bank, World Governance Indicators and constructed three bundled governance indicators using the Principal Component Analysis. The Driscoll and Kraay Fixed Effects model which accounts for serial correlation, groupwise heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence were employed with empirical results revealing that all the indicators of governance positively and significantly influence domestic investment in Africa, except for government effectiveness which happens to be insignificant. Also, Voice/Accountability and the Control of Corruption exert more influence on domestic investment as indicated by their coefficient values. Furthermore, economic growth is also an important factor in explaining domestic investment in Africa. Policy recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Do White Police Officers Unfairly Target Black Suspects?

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p12
Author(s):  
John R. Lott, Jr ◽  
Carlisle E. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Discrimination Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Fbi Data ◽  
The City

Using a unique data set we link the race of police officers who kill suspects with the race of those who are killed across the United States. We have data on a total of 2,706 fatal police killings for the years 2013 to 2015. This is 1,333 more killings by police than is provided by the FBI data on justifiable police homicides. We conducted three tests of discrimination. The results of these tests are different. In the first test we find some evidence that white officers are more likely to kill a black suspect who is later found to be unarmed than they are to kill an unarmed white suspect. However, this result could not be confirmed using a fixed effects model on panel data aggregated to the city level. In the second test, we find that white police officers are no more likely to kill an unarmed black suspect than are black or Hispanic officers. The results of this test are confirmed by the panel data version of the test. The third discrimination test indicated that black suspects, whether armed or not, are no more likely to be killed by a white officer than they are to be killed by black or Hispanic officers. Similarly, Hispanic suspects are no more likely to be killed by white offices than officers of other races. These results are also confirmed by panel data analyses. We find that when there is more than one officer on the scene, unarmed black suspects are not more likely to be killed by white police officers than unarmed white suspects. This could be evidence supporting a policy of reducing the number of officers working alone. Also, we find no evidence that body cameras affect either the number of police killings or the racial composition of those killings.

The prognostic impact of high MET gene copy number on non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of eight studies.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22049-e22049
Author(s):  
Anastasios Dimou ◽  
Lemuel Non ◽  
Kostas N Syrigos
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Cross Sectional

e22049 Background: The risk stratification of NSCLC on the basis of molecular information is a key approach in the clinical management of patients with the disease. MET is the receptor for HGF and is present in the membrane of NSCLC cells. The most common genetic alteration associated with MET is the gene amplification. Methods: Two independent investigators applied parallel search strategies with the terms "MET" AND "lung cancer", "MET" AND "NSCLC", "met gene copy number" AND "prognosis" in PubMed through November 2012. We selected the studies that investigated the association of MET gene copy number with prognosis. A quality score that assessed the lab methods, the generalizability and the analysis, was assigned to each study that was finally included in the analysis. Results: Among 791 studies that were identified in the initial search, we retrieved 8 cross sectional studies on retrospective cohorts with adequate data regarding the prognostic impact of MET gene copy number on the survival of patients with NSCLC. Among the studies, 5 used FISH and the remaining 3 used RT PCR to assess the MET gene copy number in the primary tumor. All 8 studies used tissue from surgically resected specimens. MET gene copy number predicted worse overall survival when all studies were combined in a fixed effects model (HR=1.35, 95% CI 1.17-1.57). We calculated the I2 statistic to assess heterogeneity (I2=44%, p=0.09). There were four studies where a higher gene copy number predicted a better outcome and four in which the opposite was true. The Egger’s regression intercept showed no significant publication bias (p=0.38). Conclusions: Higher MET gene copy number in the primary tumor at the time of diagnosis predicts worse outcome in patients with NSCLC.

The Impact of Welfare Facilities on Happiness of the Elderly: Evidence from Seoul, Korea

2019 ◽  
pp. 0739456X1987411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danya Kim ◽  
Jangik Jin
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Effect

Across the world, there are growing concerns about how to care for an increasingly large elderly population. We explore how elderly welfare facilities influence seniors’ subjective well-being, focusing on the city of Seoul, Korea, using the 2005–2015 Seoul Survey data. Through pooled cross-sectional data analysis with time-specific and location-specific fixed-effects, we estimate the effect of the number of local welfare facilities on elderly subjective well-being. Our results show that elderly welfare facilities have a positive effect on elderly subjective well-being after controlling for endogeneity, but these facilities are more important for the more aged elderly and lower income elderly.

scholarly journals Formaldehyde exposure and asthma in children: a systematic review

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3845-3852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald McGwin Jr. ◽  
Jeffrey Lienert ◽  
John I. Kennedy Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Formaldehyde Exposure ◽  
Asthma In Children

Despite multiple published studies regarding the association between formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma, a consistent association has not been identified. Here we report the results of a systematic review of published literature in order to provide a more comprehensive picture of this relationship. After a literature search, we identified seven studies providing quantitative results regarding the association between formaldehyde exposure and asthma in children. Studies were heterogeneous with respect to the definition of asthma. For each study, an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for asthma were abstracted from published results or calculated based on the data provided. We used fixed- and random-effects models to calculate pooled ORs and 95% CIs; measures of heterogeneity were also calculated. A fixed-effects model produced an OR of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.021.04), and random effects model produced an OR of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.011.36), both reflecting an increase of 10 mg/m3 of formaldehyde. Both the Q and I2 statistics indicated a moderate amount of heterogeneity. Results indicate a positive association between formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma. Given the largely cross-sectional nature of the studies underlying this meta-analysis, further well-designed prospective epidemiologic studies are needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence and laboratory analysis of malaria and dengue co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Kotepui ◽  
Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background A clear understanding of the epidemiology of malaria and dengue co-infection is essential for informed decisions on appropriate control strategies for dengue and malaria. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the relationship of malaria and dengue co-infection and related it to alterations in platelet, hemoglobin, hematocrit, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels when compared to malaria mono-infection. Methods A systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines was conducted. All published articles available in PubMed and Web of Science (ISI) databases before October 21, 2017 were recruited. All epidemiological studies except case reports on the prevalence or incidence of malaria and dengue co-infection among patients visiting hospitals with febrile illness were included. Studies that involved conference abstracts, protocols, systematic reviews, only mono-dengue or mono-malaria infections, and only animal or in vitro studies were excluded after screening the titles, abstracts, and body texts. Studies were additionally excluded after full text review when they lacked epidemiologic data on malaria and dengue co-infection. Two reviewers independently screened, reviewed, and assessed all the studies. Cochrane Q (Chi-square) and Moran’s I2 were used to assess heterogeneity, and the funnel plot was used to examine publication bias. The summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using a fixed-effects model. Thirteen cross-sectional and two retrospective studies were eligible to be included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Results Out of the 2269 citations screened, 15 articles were eligible to be included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The 15 studies involved 13,798 (10,373 cases with malaria and 3425 with dengue) patients in 9 countries. Thirteen studies compared the incidence and odds of Plasmodium sp. infection, five studies compared the odds of mean platelet, three studies compared Plasmodium parasite density, and four studies compared the odds of hemoglobin, hematocrit, AST, and ALT levels among co-infected groups and single-malaria-infected groups. Conclusions This study showed that dengue and malaria co-infection was associated with decreased odds of malaria infection, malaria parasitemia, AST, and ALT levels when compared to malaria mono-infection. However, malaria and dengue co-infection was associated with increased odds of platelet and hemoglobin levels when compared to malaria mono-infection.

From Court to Classroom: Deportation Proceedings and Reading and Math Achievement for Elementary Students from 1998 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jacob Kirksey
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reading And Math ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Records Access

With rising numbers of deportations over the last two decades, there has been a particular concern among educators and researchers that immigrant-origin students and their peers are experiencing educational consequences due to increased stress, anxiety, and fear of the unknown. This study examined the relationship between immigration enforcement and student achievement in counties across the U.S. This study used data from two nationally representative samples of kindergarteners, The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Classes of 1998-99 and 2010, and the number of deportations ordered from each immigration court provided by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse. When combining the ten years of data, the overall analytic sample is n=114,990 child by year observations, with deportations varying in 79 counties from 1998-2016. Employing a cross-sectional, longitudinal design, a student, school, and year fixed effects model was employed to examine the association between deportations and achievement in elementary grades, exploiting variation of deportations between counties and across years. The results of the analyses indicated that increases in deportations coincided with declines in Latinx student achievement in math. Differences emerged based on student-level characteristics and across presidential administrations. Policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Between and Within-group Variance on Recurrent Miscarriage in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batholomew Chireh ◽  
Samuel Kwaku Essien ◽  
Kidest Getu Melese
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Regional Cluster

Abstract Background: Recurrent miscarriage is a spontaneous loss of two or more pregnancies. It is a major global reproductive public health problem and the least researched in Ghana. There is an urgent need to move from more individualized and genetic risk factors that may be culturally inappropriate to assess and explore the influence of socio-ecological or contextual factors on recurrent miscarriage in Ghana. This study explored the between and within-group variance of zonal, regional, cluster, and household as well as the influence of selected socio-demographic characteristics on recurrent miscarriage.Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2017 cross-sectional demographic health survey data (25,062 women) in their reproductive ages (15-49 years) in Ghana. Data were collected from zones (3), regions (10), clusters (900), and households (27000). A logistic regression: Mixed effect model was used. Random effects were used to estimate the between and within groups differences in recurrent miscarriage. The fixed effects of selected socio-demographic variables were also assessed.Results: We found that cluster differences in recurrent miscarriage risk were more prominent compared to zonal, regional, and household. There was higher variability in recurrent miscarriage among women in the same household, cluster, and region compared to those from different households in the same cluster or those from different clusters in the same region and household. In the fixed-effects model, the odds of recurrent miscarriage were 1.54 times (95% CI=1.16-2.03) higher among urban dwellers than rural dwellers. Increasing maternal age was significantly associated with recurrent miscarriage (p=0.0001). There was a direction association between educational level and recurrent miscarriage. Insignificant protective factors of partner support and access to first-trimester antenatal care visits were also found.Conclusion: Differences in recurrent miscarriage risk exist at the contextual level and should be the focus of public health prevention efforts. Our key finding highlights the need to contextualize and localize recurrent miscarriage risk reduction efforts if interventions to reduce recurrent miscarriage in women with a history of unexplained pregnancy loss are to be successful in Ghana.

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

Perfil da Linguagem em Pacientes com Acidente Vascular Encefálico Atendidos pelo Serviço Assistencial Domiciliar Multidisciplinar em Porto Velho – Rondônia

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Amanda Leite Silva Cabral ◽  
Flávia Peres Lima ◽  
Jéssica Iara Costa Bessa Paraguassú
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City ◽  
Porto Velho

Introdução: A afasia é uma das sequelas mais importantes que ocorrem após lesão cerebral de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). Objetivos: Identificar o perfil da linguagem oral de pacientes com AVE, atendidos pelo Serviço Assistencial Multidisciplinar Domiciliar (SAMD) na cidade de Porto Velho – RO. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado na residência dos pacientes que estavam sendo atendidos pelo SAMD. Onde foi utilizado o protocolo de Teste de Reabilitação das Afasias composto inicialmente de um questionário que foi aplicados com os familiares dos pacientes para coletar dados quanto ao AVE e os Testes de Comunicação Oral para avaliar dos pacientes. Resultados: Foram avaliados 11 sujeitos com AVE e oito sujeitos apresentaram afasia emissiva do tipo Broca (100%) com presença de agramatismo e anomia (87,5%), e déficit na organização da comunicação e na memória (100%). Referente à etiologia do AVE, verificou-se que 62,5% dos sujeitos apresentaram etiologia decorrente de hipertensão, com tempo de sequelas com tempo entre um ano menos e a três anos (37,5%). Todos os sujeitos (100%) eram muito falantes antes do AVE, porem 50% continuaram muito falantes após o AVE e os outros 50% se tornaram pouco falantes. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam que a maioria dos sujeitos apresentaram afasia emissiva do tipo Broca, em decorrência de Acidente Vascular Encefálico Isquêmico tendo como fator etiológico a hipertensão. Desencadeando alterações de linguagem como anomia e agramatismo, afetando ainda suas habilidades de comunicação como a memória e a organização da linguagem. Introduction: Aphasia is one of the most important sequels that occur after brain injury from stroke. Objectives: To identify the oral language profile of patients with stroke, assisted by the Multidisciplinary Home Care Service (SAMD) in the city of Porto Velho - RO. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out at the residence of the patients who were being treated by the SAMD. Where the Aphasia Rehabilitation Test protocol was used, composed initially of a questionnaire that was applied with the relatives of the patients to collect data regarding the AVE and the Oral Communication Tests to evaluate the patients. Results: Eleven subjects with EVA were evaluated, and eight subjects presented Embryonic Emphasis of Broca type (100%) with presence of agramatism and anomia (87.5%), and deficits in the organization of communication and memory (100%). Regarding the etiology of the AVE, 62.5% of the subjects presented etiology due to hypertension, with sequelae time between one year less and three years (37.5%). All subjects (100%) were very talented before the AVE, but 50% remained very talented after the AVE and the other 50% became less talkative. Conclusion: The results show that most of the subjects presented Embryonic Emphasis of the Broca type, due to Ischemic Stroke, having as etiologic factor hypertension. Unleashing language changes such as anomie and agramatism, still affecting his communication skills as memory and the organization of language.

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