scholarly journals Adaptive phenological response of autochthonous grape varieties to changes in weather and climatic conditions in the South of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Валерий Семенович Петров ◽  
Анна Александровна Марморштейн ◽  
Анна Александровна Лукьянова ◽  
Александр Григорьевич Коваленко ◽  
Владимир Александрович Волынкин
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stationary Field ◽  
The South ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Grape Varieties

В длительном стационарном полевом опыте на ампелографической коллекции (г.-к. Анапа) установлен тренд устойчивого влияния изменений погодных условий юга России на адаптивную фенологическую реакцию автохтонных сортов винограда Плечистик, Сибирьковый, Цимлянский черный. При повышении температуры воздуха на 1,2 - 5,0 °С период от распускания почек до полной физиологической зрелости ягод винограда у сорта Плечистик уменьшился на 22, Сибирьковый - 30, Цимлянский черный - 25 дней. Уменьшение произошло за счет смещения сроков и продолжительности фаз вегетаций. У сорта Плечистик вегетация от начала распускания глазков до начала цветения уменьшилась на 10, от начала цветения до начала созревания ягод на 11, от начала созревания до полной физиологической зрелости ягод на 23 дня, у сорта Сибирьковый соответственно на 8, 9 и 13 дней, у сорта Цимлянский черный на 7, 5 и 23 дня. Начало распускания глазков сместилось в более поздние сроки у сорта Плечистик на 1 день, Сибирьковый на 5 дней, Цимлянский черный на 2 дня. Начало цветения сместилось в ранние сроки у сорта Плечистик на 9 дней, Сибирьковый на 3 дня, Цимлянский черный на 5 дней. Начало созревания ягод винограда у сорта Плечистик сдвинулось на 1 день в поздний срок, Сибирьковый на 12 дней и Цимлянский черный на 3 дня в ранние сроки. Полная физиологическая зрелость ягод сместилась в ранние сроки у сорта Плечистик на 21 день, Сибирьковый на 25 дней и Цимлянский черный на 23 дня. При положительной адаптивной реакции на повышение температуры воздуха у сортов сохранились без изменений ростовые и продукционные процессы. In a long-term stationary field experiment on the ampelographic collection (Anapa), a trend for the stable influence of changes in weather conditions in the South of Russia on the adaptive phenological reaction of autochthonous grape varieties ‘Pletchistik’, ‘Sibirkovy’, ‘Tsimlyansky Cherny’ was established. With an increase in air temperature by 1.2 - 5.0 °С, the period from budbreak to physiological ripeness of the ‘Pletchistik’ variety decreased by 22, ‘Sibirkovy’ - 30, ‘Tsimlyansky Cherny’ - 25 days. The decrease was due to the shift in the timing and duration of vegetative stages. For ‘Pletchistik’ variety, the period from budbreak to flowering decreased by 10, from flowering to veraison by 11, from veraison to physiological ripeness by 23 days; for ‘Sibirkovy’ variety, by 8, 9 and 13 days respectively; for the variety ‘Tsimlyansky Cherny’ by 7, 5 and 23 days. The beginning of budbreak shifted to later dates: for ‘Pletchistik’ variety by 1 day, for ‘Sibirkovy’ by 5 days, for ‘Tsimlyansky Cherny’ by 2 days. The beginning of flowering shifted to earlier dates: for ‘Pletchistik’ variety by 9 days, for ‘Sibirkovy’ by 3 days, for ‘Tsimlyansky Cherny’ by 5 days. The beginning of veraison for ‘Pletchistik’ variety shifted by 1 day later, for ‘Sibirkovy’ by 12 days and for ‘Tsimlyansky Cherny’ by 3 days earlier. The beginning of full physiological ripeness shifted earlier for all varieties: ‘Pletchistik’ by 21 days, ‘Sibirkovy’ by 25 days and ‘Tsimlyansky Cherny’ by 23 days. With a positive adaptive response to an increase in air temperature, the growth and productional processes of varieties remained without changes.

scholarly journals STUDYING PARAMETERS OF SEED GRASS STAND OF PANNONIAN CLOVER (Trifolium pannonicum Jacq.) VARIETY 'SNEZHOK' AT LONG-TERM USE OF SOWING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KIROV REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Evgenia Valerievna Popova ◽  
Maria Gripas ◽  
Ekaterina Arzamasova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
North East ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

The article presents results of study of biological features of pannonian clover 'Snezhok' (created in the Federal Agricultural Scientific Center of North-East) at long-term use of a reproduction nursery (2011 sowing) for seeds. The soil-climatic conditions of research, the used material and assessment methods are described. The duration of periods of above-ground mass formation, height of plants, structure of stand and seed yield are determined. An elongation of the period from regrowth to the beginning of flowering with increasing of the stand's age was noted. The height of plants, yield of green mass and dry matter in the phase of head and seed ripening increased with the age of the grass stand. An increase in the number of generative stems, heads and mass of seeds per head was also observed. The level of seed productivity of pannonian clover depended more on the age of the grass stand than on the weather conditions of the growing season. We found that the potential seed productivity in favorable years can reach 8.48 kg/ha, while the actual seed yield on average over the years of research was 1.29 kg/ha, with fluctuations from 0.71 (2017) up to 4.63 kg/ha (2015).

scholarly journals THE USE OF PEA GENE POOL FOR BREEDING OF MODERN VARIETIES OF PEAS IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Temirov
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Modern Varieties

The work presents the results of evaluation of 150 varieties of sowing peas (Pisum Sativum L.) of different ecological and geographical origin that have not lost their breeding value in recent years by a number of economically valuable signs from the world collection of The N.I. Vavilov All Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. The purpose of the research was to identify promising varieties of sowing peas from the collection to create modern varieties of peas for grain use. The experiment was conducted in 2014–2016. on leached chernozem of the northern foreststeppe of Western Siberia. The weather conditions during the years of research were contrasting. So, in May and July of 2014, precipitation was above the average rainfall, which caused the formation of tall pea plants, especially in the varieties of leafy morphotype. In 2015, the air temperature was above the long-term average annual rate with uneven precipitation. In 2016, the air temperature in May generally corresponded to the long-term average annual rates, but August was characterized by precipitation deficit. The maximum yield for the years of research was noted in the varieties of leafy morphotype group: Bogatyr (625 g/m2), Kemchug (510 g/m2), and the group with the modified morphotype: Az-318 and Orel (480 g/ m2). Varieties with the modified morphotype Az-318, Sprut-2, Orel, Demos, Yamal proved to be highly resistant to lodging and easy to harvest, due to being adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Western Siberia. The correlation analysis conducted in 2016 revealed a reliable positive relationship (r = 0.63) between the mass of 1000 grains and the yield. A closer positive relationship was found during all the years of the study between the yield and the number of peapods on the plant (r = 0.48–0.67). A negative dependence was observed between the length of the plant and the yield.

scholarly journals Analysis of climate change in Dnipropetrovsk Region

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
V. V. Hrynchak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

The decision about writing this article was made after familiarization with the "Brief Climatic Essay of Dnepropetrovsk City (prepared based on observations of 1886 – 1937)" written by the Head of the Dnipropetrovsk Weather Department of the Hydrometeorological Service A. N. Mikhailov. The guide has a very interesting fate: in 1943 it was taken by the Nazis from Dnipropetrovsk and in 1948 it returned from Berlin back to the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological and Environmental Directorate of the USSR, as evidenced by a respective entry on the Essay's second page. Having these invaluable materials and data of long-term weather observations in Dnipro city we decided to analyze climate changes in Dnipropetrovsk region. The article presents two 50-year periods, 1886-1937 and 1961-2015, as examples. Series of observations have a uniform and representative character because they were conducted using the same methodology and results processing. We compared two main characteristics of climate: air temperature and precipitation. The article describes changes of average annual temperature values and absolute temperature values. It specifies the shift of seasons' dates and change of seasons' duration. We studied the changes of annual precipitation and peculiarities of their seasonable distribution. Apart from that peculiarities of monthly rainfall fluctuations and their heterogeneity were specified. Since Dnipro city is located in the center of the region the identified tendencies mainly reflect changes of climatic conditions within the entire Dnipropetrovsk region.

scholarly journals Identification of solar radiation effect on climatic indicators of the territory of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Physical Processes

Formulation of the problem. Understanding that solar energy is the main source of the majority of biological, chemical and physical processes on Earth, investigation of its influence on different climatic fields allows us to define the features of its space and hour fluctuations. To define radiation and temperature regime of the territory it is necessary to determine climatic features of the spreading surface, which absorbs and will transform solar energy. Considering the fact that modern climatic changes and their consequences cover all components of the system, today there is a problem of their further study for comprehension of atmospheric processes, modeling weather conditions on different territories depending on the properties. The purpose of the article is to determine interrelations between indexes of solar radiation (the Wolf's number) and air temperature, atmospheric pressure on the territory of Ukraine during 1965-2015, their change in space and time. Methods. Correlative method is one of the main methods of a statistical analysis which allows us to receive correlation coefficients of solar radiation variability indexes, air temperature, atmospheric pressure on the territory of the research. This technique estimates the extent of solar radiation influence on temperature regime of the territory and distribution of atmospheric pressure. Results. Coefficients of correlation, which characterize variability of solar radiation indexes, air temperature and atmospheric pressure on the explored territory have been received by means of statistical correlation analysis method. This technique allows us to estimate the degree and nature of solar radiation influence on a temperature regime of the territory and distribution of atmospheric pressure. It has been defined that direct correlative connection between indexes of solar radiation is characteristic of air temperature and atmospheric pressure fields. Significant statistical dependence between incoming solar radiation on the territory of Ukraine and atmospheric pressure has been noted during the spring and autumn periods mainly at the majority of stations. Between indexes of solar radiation and air temperature the inverse correlative connection in winter will be transformed to a direct connection during the spring and summer periods. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Physical processes, which happen in the atmosphere, are characterized by complex interrelations. For further research it is important to define solar radiation value and the extent of influence on climatic conditions.

Influence of Climatic Conditions on Western Siberian Forest Fires

2020 ◽  
pp. 269-293
Author(s):  
Valentina Petrovna Gorbatenko ◽  
Marina Alexandrovna Volkova ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Nosyreva ◽  
George Georgievich Zhuravlev ◽  
Irina Valerievna Kuzhevskaia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
General Regularity ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Long Term Variations

Current climate changes in Russia are attended by the increase in frequency of dangerous weather events. This chapter researches long-term variations of the dangerous weather's events on Western Siberia and to reveal general regularity, which can be associated with forest fires. The researches have been carried out for the territories of southeast of Western Siberia. The duration of the fire season increases due to climate change. This is due both to the earlier snowfall and the onset of the phenological spring, and to the increase in the duration of the thunderstorm period. Thunderstorms in Siberia are a much more frequent cause of forest fires (28%) than in other territories. Wildfire frequency is correlated with air temperature and drought anomalies.

The Influence of Weather On Incubation Scheduling of the White-Rumped Sandpiper (Calidris Fuscicollis): a Uniparental Incubator in a Cold Environment

Behaviour ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 95 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Montgomerie ◽  
Ralph V. Cantar
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Incubation Behaviour ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWe studied the incubation scheduling of 8 white-rumped sandpipers (Calidris fuscicollis), a species in which only the female incubates. Because the female is small and nests in the high arctic, these birds are probably under more cold stress than birds nesting in the temperate zone. We examined the individual and collective effects of several weather variables on a female's incubation behaviour to ascertain what amount of the variability within a day was directly attributable to weather conditions. Birds made an average of 25.1 off-nest trips each day, averaging 10.5 min each. This resulted in spending, on average, 82.5% of their time incubating eggs. There was a clear within-day cycle in incubation scheduling; birds made more and longer trips in the middle of the day and, as a result, spent more total time off the nest in that period. Birds adjusted their hour-by-hour schedules to weather largely by altering the number of trips made, and less so by adjusting trip length. There was a circadian rhythm in recess time/h, explaining at least 11% of the variation in recess time/h. When the circadian rhythm was controlled statistically, weather accounted for an average of 38% of the explainable variation in recess time/h. The relative importance of each weather variable on the recess time/h was (in descending order of importance): wind speed, air temperature, solar radiation, barometric pressure, and relative humidity. Weather (primarily wind speed and temperature) exerted its strongest effects early and late in the bird's active day (0400-2300 h). On cold and windy days, birds increased the time spent on their nests early and late in the day, and made more trips than usual in the middle of the day, when air temperature was highest. We suggest that the incubation scheduling of these birds conformed to the long-term predictability of the daily weather cycle by following a circadian rhythm of behaviour modified by a response to concurrent weather that would have reduced egg cooling.

scholarly journals A Technique to Detect Microclimatic Inhomogeneities in Historical Records of Screen-Level Air Temperature

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Runnalls ◽  
T. R. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Screen Level ◽  
Temperature Records

Abstract A new method to detect errors or biases in screen-level air temperature records at standard climate stations is developed and applied. It differs from other methods by being able to detect microclimatic inhomogeneities in time series. Such effects, often quite subtle, are due to alterations in the immediate environment of the station such as changes of vegetation, development (buildings, paving), irrigation, cropping, and even in the maintenance of the site and its instruments. In essence, the technique recognizes two facts: differences of thermal microclimate are enhanced at night, and taking the ratio of the nocturnal cooling at a pair of neighboring stations nullifies thermal changes that occur at larger-than-microclimatic scales. Such ratios are shown to be relatively insensitive to weather conditions. After transforming the time series using Hurst rescaling, which identifies long-term persistence in geophysical phenomena, cooling ratio records show distinct discontinuities, which, when compared against detailed station metadata records, are found to correspond to even minor changes in the station environment. Effects detected by this method are shown to escape detection by current generally accepted techniques. The existence of these microclimatic effects are a source of uncertainty in long-term temperature records, which is in addition to those presently recognized such as local and mesoscale urban development, deforestation, and irrigation.

scholarly journals NEW SOURCES OF SEEDLESS GRAPES OF ANAPA EXPERIMENTAL STATION SELECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
I.V. Gorbunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Grape Varieties

It is commonly known that the share of seedless grape varieties in the total production in the country is very small. Of 106 table varieties included in the register, only 4 varieties are of kishmish direction (Kishmish radiant, Korinka Russian, Yuzhnoberezhny, Yalta seedless). These varieties are in great demand, since their berries are used both fresh and dried. This article presents results of long-term research on isolation of genetic seedlessness donors among grape varieties of Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking, such as Lotos, Zhemchug of Anapa and Kishmish pink AZOS. These studies were carried out with a simultaneous complex study of economically valuable traits and annually changing weather conditions. In addition, the assessment of these varieties was carried out according to seedlessness sign intensity in the conditions of the Anapo-Taman viticulture zone. The greatest mass of rudiments of all analyzed samples was found in Kishmish pink AZOS variety, therefore, it was assigned to the third category of seedlessness, although the mass ratio of rudiments to the mass of the berry is negligible. The rest of the studied seedless grape varieties in comparison with the control variety (Radiant Kishmish) have a higher seedless class. It particularly concerns varieties such varieties as Zhemchug of Anapa and Lotus, belonging to the first and second classes of seedlessness, respectively. Along with this, a long-term work was carried out to study the yield of these varieties and their productivity (coefficients of fruiting and fertility), the phenology of plant development depending on weather conditions. In particular, it was found that high productivity parameters are observed in all the studied varieties every year; Lotus and Zhemchug of Anapa have also high yield every year. The conducted work has shown prospects for using grape varieties of Anapa Experimental Station as future seedlessness donors.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers and long-term aftereffect of liming on the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of meadow clover 1g .p. in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivenin ◽  
A. P. Sakov ◽  
Yu. A. Bogomolovа ◽  
T. S. Вuzynina ◽  
V. V. Ivenin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
The South

The article deals with the influence of mineral fertilizers and the long-term aftereffect of liming on the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of meadow clover 1 g.p. in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region. The biological properties of light gray forest soil in 2020 were more influenced by the weather conditions of the pink clover vegetation and the culture itself than by the studied aftereffects of lime material and various doses of its mineral nutrition. The biological activity of the soil was in the range of 16.3–30.4%. The intensity of soil respiration was very weak and was in the range of 1.53–3.4 mg of CO2/10g for 24 hours. The average yield of the green mass of clover 1 g.p. (in terms of absolutely dry matter) was in the range of 30.4–33.2 t/ha (NSR05 by factor B-6.3) and did not depend on the aftereffect of the studied lime doses. The use of N45P120K180 doses of mineral fertilizers increases the average yield of pink clover 1 g.p. compared with the natural fertility of light gray forest soil and the variants of using N15P40K60 doses up to 37.9 t/ ha, which is by11.9 and 8.6 t/ha respectively higher than these variants (NSR05 for factor A-5.2). An increase was also obtained from the use of N30P80K120 doses of mineral fertilizers compared to the cultivation of clover according to natural soil fertility — by7.4 t/ha (NSR05 according to factor A-5.2).I n general, for 42 years of studying the aftereffect of liming it was shown, that by 2020 liming does not affect the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of 1 g.p. clove according to all the studied doses of its use in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region. The soil needs repeating of reclamation works.

Modeling of air temperatures using a combination of TBATS and SVM models for various climatic locations in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Gos ◽  
Piotr Baranowski ◽  
Jaromir Krzyszczak ◽  
Małgorzata Murat ◽  
Iwona Malinowska
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
State Space ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Exponential Smoothing ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
State Space Models ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Air Temperatures

<p>By modelling and forecasting  of meteorological  time  series it is possible to  improve   understanding  of  the  weather dynamics and fluctuations as a result of climate change . The most frequently used forecasting models are exponential smoothing, ARIMA models (Box and Jenkins, 1970), state-space models (Harvey, 1989) and innovations State Space Models (Hyndman et al., 2008).</p><p>The aim of this study was to check the effectiveness of the coupled TBATS and Support Vector Machines (SVM) model, supplied with some measured meteorological quantities to forecast air temperature for six years for four climatic localizations in Europe. The study was calculated from northern (Jokioinen in Finland), central (Dikopshof located in the west part of Germany and Nossen in the south part of Germany) and southern (Lleida in Spain) Europe to present different climatic conditions. Jokioinen city has a subarctic climate that has severe winters, with cool and short summers and strong seasonality. Lleida has a semi-arid climate with Mediterranean. Dikopshof represents maritime temperate climate. There are significant precipitation throughout the year in Dikopshof and Nossen. In the study we study on air temperature dataset collected on a daily basis from January 1st 1980 to December 31st 2010 (11322 days).</p><p>For all the studied sites coupled TBATS/SVM models occurred to be effective in predicting air temperature courses, giving an improved precision (up to 25%) in forecasting of the seasonality and local temperature variations, compared to pure SVM or TBATS modelling. The precision of prediction of the maximum and minimum air temperatures strongly depended on the dynamics of the weather conditions, and varied for different climatic zones.</p><p>This study has been partly financed from the funds of the Polish National Centre for Research and Development in frame of the project: MSINiN, contract number: BIOSTRATEG3/343547/8/NCBR/2017.</p><p> </p><p>Reference to a journal publication:</p><p>BOX, G.E.P. – Jenkins, G. 1970. Time Series Analysis: forecasting and control. Holden-Day, p. 20-31.</p><p>HARVEY A. 1989. Forecasting Structural Time Series Model and the Kalman Filter. New York, Cambridge University press., p. 32-41.</p><p>HYNDMAN, R.J. – KOEHLER, A.B. – ORD, J.K. – SNYDER, R.D. 2008. Forecasting with Exponential Smoothing: The State Space Approach. Springer-Verlag, p. 50-62.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document