scholarly journals Mapping of the distribution of active tuberculosis incidence on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula

Author(s):  
Elena Prokhorova ◽  
Vladimir Semin ◽  
Alexandra Morozova

This study is conducted to analyze spatial distribution of tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the Crimean peninsula and is due to the further development of a solution to this issue, since, despite the fact that there is a decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis on the peninsula, the Republic of Crimea remains today one of the disadvantaged regions of our country. According to official statistics, the total incidence of tuberculosis in 2018 was 51 per 100 thousand people. The risk of developing tuberculosis depends on a number of factors — environmental, economic, social and others. In order to show and evaluate the spatial distribution, intensity, localization and concentration of the phenomenon in certain areas an analysis using cartographic and statistical methods is needed. The purpose of the article is, through the processing of statistical and analytical source data of certain time slices, to show on maps the totality of factors that can affect the dynamics of the incidence of tuberculosis and the spread of patients in a specific territory — the Crimean Peninsula, and also to identify the most significant of these factors. The work provides a statistical study of the incidence rates of active tuberculosis in combination with the demographic characteristics of the Crimean Federal District. The quantitative characteristic of these is presented in the form of tables, graphs and cartographic images. The revealed statistical regularities make it possible to see those features of the development of the studied parameters that usually slip away with only one mapping, and to predict the situation for the future.

Author(s):  
N.P. Demchenko ◽  
N.Yu. Polyakova

The situation in the ecology of the Crimean Peninsula in recent years was discussed in the article. The analysis of absolute and integrated indicators of the anthropogenic impact showed that the ecological situation remains difficult, and according to some indicators even continues to deteriorate. In summer 2018, the situation had worsened because of the large chemical release of titanium dioxide on the north of the Crimea from the holding pond of a large Russian plant that is situated near the town of Armyansk. This, in turn, led to the contamination of the large territory on the north of the peninsula. This fact indicates insufficient control by officials of the Republic of Crimea over the implementation of the RF laws for environmental protection by business owners of various forms of ownership, especially private ownership, the level of responsibility for the environment of which is very low.


Author(s):  
Igor Voronin ◽  
Kseniya Sikach ◽  
Galina Sazonova ◽  
Alexandra Shvets

The article presents and summarizes the results of mapping transformational processes in the demographic and ethno-confessional space of the Crimea. Map plots reflect the options for visualizing data on demographic, ethnic and religious processes in the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol over the past decades. The maps illustrate the dynamics of the population size and density, its natural movement, the balance of migration, marriage and divorce, territorial features of the settlement of large and small ethnic groups of the Crimea, the placement of religious buildings and religious communities on its territory. Maps of rural settlement and the appearance of villages with endangered populations were created and analyzed. The types of dynamics of demographic, ethnic and confessional situations in the Crimea are determined. The analysis of the peculiarities of the dynamics of the ethnodemographic space of the Crimea during the change of its political subjectivity is carried out. The main spatial patterns of the processes that form the modern portrait of the population of the Crimean Peninsula are revealed. The conclusion is made about the possibility of cartographic study of the demographic and ethno-confessional specifics of the territory after preliminary differentiation of socio-cultural processes within its boundaries into large-scale and local ones. This allows us to clarify not only the spatial, but also the essential markers of their occurrence. In modern Crimea, large-scale transformational socio-cultural processes should include all the reproductive and migration changes that are the result of demographic breakdowns that began in the 1990s. The processes of changing its ethnic and confessional spaces should be considered local in Crimea. Their mapping revealed the narrowing nature of such a phenomenon as the polyethnicity of the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. Cartographic study of socio-cultural processes in the Crimea confirmed the author’s hypothesis that the Crimean regional community has not completed the process of post-Soviet transformation and continues to support the development trends established at the end of the twentieth century.


Author(s):  
V. A. Tabunshchik

The paper presents new data on the slope of the surface of the territory of the Crimean Peninsula in the context of landscape taxonomic units according to the landscape-typological map of the Crimean polostrov by G. E. Grishankov. For the first time, for the Crimean Peninsula as a whole and landscape taxonomic units – landscape levels, landscape zones, landscape belts and tiers, as well as groups of localities (okoems), elements of descriptive statistics (minimum value, maximum value, average value, median value, as well as the value of the amplitude of values (factor amplitude)) that characterize the slope of the surface within the specified territories are quantitatively calculated


Author(s):  
Ksenia Kornilova

Today in the scientific community and among the practicing experts in the field of tourism there are not enough research findings, which would reveal specifics of tourism development on the Crimean peninsula, potential prospects and approaches to current problems of tourist services for the Russian Federation residents. The article considers different types of tourism in the Republic of Crimea from 2014 to 2017 after its joining the Russian Federation. Having analyzed historical, economic, geographical and other specific features of the region as well as statistical data the author reveals peculiarities of tourism development in the Crimea and Sevastopol, describes opportunities to promote tourist services. The article states problems and prospects of tourism business in the region in the context of territory branding as an important component of territory marketing. The article concludes that it is necessary to develop cultural and informative tourism in the Crimea and to implement a systematic program-oriented approach to organizing exhibition activities in larger cities of the peninsula as well as in the region in general.


2020 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Евгений Александрович Рыбалко ◽  
Наталья Валентиновна Баранова ◽  
Виктория Юрьевна Борисова ◽  
Валерий Семенович Петров

В статье приведен анализ метеорологической информации по средней температуре воздуха за вегетационный период на территории Крымского полуострова. Рассчитано среднее многолетнее значение в точках расположения метеостанций с длинным рядом метеонаблюдений на территории Крымского полуострова. При расчетах использовали многолетние данные за 30 лет по 17 метеостанциям Крымского полуострова. Для моделирования пространственного распределения величины средней температуры воздуха на первом этапе также была выбрана глобальная климатическая модель WorldClim 2.0. На её основе рассчитаны величины исследуемого показателя для опорных точек. Произведена корректировка данных модели WorldClim 2.0 путём прибавления к результатам расчёта поправки 0,99, что несколько повысило точность моделирования. Составлена также линейная многофакторная модель, учитывающая географическую широту местности и абсолютную высоту над уровнем моря. Установлено, что в зависимости от географического положения метеостанции значения средних многолетних температур воздуха составляют от 17,9 °С (Белогорск) до 20,0 °С (Феодосия, Ялта). Проанализированы при помощи технологий геоинформационного моделирования закономерности пространственного варьирования величины средней температуры. В результате проведенного анализа были получены модели, описывающие данные закономерности. С помощью полученных моделей, разработана цифровая крупномасштабная картографическая модель пространственного распределения величины средней температуры воздуха, на основе которой на территории Крымского полуострова выделено 4 зоны. Разработанная модель, в сочетании с современными геоинформационными технологиями дает возможность автоматизировать анализ степени пригодности территории для возделывания винограда. The article provides the analysis of meteorological information of the mean air temperature for the growing season on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. The long-term mean value in the points of weather station locations with a long series of weather observations on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula was calculated. For calculations we used the long-term data for 30 years on 17 weather stations of the Crimean Peninsula. To simulate the spatial distribution of the mean air temperature value at the first stage, the WorldClim 2.0 global climate model was also selected. The values of the studied parameter for reference points were calculated on its basis. The data of the WorldClim 2.0 model was adjusted by adding an error correction of 0.99 to the results of calculation, which slightly increased the modeling accuracy. A linear multivariate model was also compiled, taking into account the geographical latitude of the terrain and the absolute height above sea level. It was established that, depending on the geographical location of the weather station, the values of long-term mean air temperatures range from 17.9 ° C (Belogorsk) to 20.0 ° C (Feodosia, Yalta). The patterns of spatial variation of the mean temperature were analyzed using the technologies of geoinformation modeling. Models describing these patterns were obtained as a result of the analysis. Using the models received, a digital large-scale cartographic model of the spatial distribution of the mean air temperature was developed. On its basis 4 zones on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula were allocated. The developed model, in combination with modern geoinformation technologies, makes it possible to automate the analysis of fitness degree of the territory for grapes cultivating.


Author(s):  
V. Rublev

The article presents the results of a study of the activities of the International Airport "Simferopol". After the Republic of Crimea became a part of the Russian Federation, one of the priorities of the state's domestic policy was the development of the regional infrastructure of the Crimean Peninsula. Simferopol International Airport occupies a special position in the structure of regional airports of the Southern Federal District. Regional airports of the Southern Federal District serve a significant part of the seasonal tourist flow of citizens coming from the regions of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the tourist flow of the Republic of Crimea in the period from 2014 to 2020, as well as on the basis of a comparative analysis of Simferopol International Airport with other regional airports in the Southern Federal District and the analysis of the experience of European airlines in developing the route network on the basis of regional airports, a model of the prospective development of Simferopol International Airport in the period 2021-2025 was developed. It is important to note that the positive economic effect of the airport development will be achieved both at the regional and national level.


Author(s):  
E. I. Ergina ◽  
F. F. Adamen ◽  
E. F. Stashkina

The development of the extractive industry on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula leads to an increase in the number of quarries and, consequently, to an increase in the area occupied by disturbed lands requiring recultivation. The reclamation of such land plots on the basis of creating the necessary conditions for the development on them of regenerative successions of zonal vegetation and ultimately the formation of soils is much cheaper for land users. Therefore, studies of the rates of soil formation, including using the methods of mathematical modeling of the processes of formation of the humus horizon of the soil over time, become relevant. Based on the example of the Alexandrovsky field of saw limestone in the Black Sea region of the Republic of the Crimea, the economic efficiency of reclamation of disturbed land was calculated. The results of the calculation showed that in terms of cost-effectiveness, it is more rational to use the mining engineering model with further self-overgrowing of the sites to be reclaimed when it comes to reclaiming disturbed lands of the Alexandrovsky career.


Author(s):  
Евгений Александрович Рыбалко ◽  
Наталья Валентиновна Баранова ◽  
Виктория Юрьевна Борисова ◽  
Валерий Семенович Петров

Оригинальное исследование по изучению распределения среднемесячной температуры в августе на территории Республики Крым проведено сотрудниками сектора агроэкологии. Неоднократно доказывалось, что температура воздуха оказывает большое влияние на рост, развитие и качественные показатели виноградного растения. Особое влияние на качество урожая оказывает температура воздуха в августе, так как именно в этот период наблюдается лучшая ассимиляция углерода листьями и соответственно происходит накопление сахаров и уменьшение кислотности. В качестве материалов были использованы электронная модель рельефа SRTM-3 территории Крымского полуострова и многолетние данные метеонаблюдений по 17 метеостанциям Крыма и Севастополя за 1985-2019 гг. Для моделирования пространственного распределения величины среднемесячной температуры воздуха в августе были использованы три математические модели, в том числе одна авторская. На основании полученных результатов была построена цифровая крупномасштабная карта пространственного распределения среднемесячной температуры воздуха в августе на территории Крымского полуострова и выделено 5 зон по среднемесячной температуре в августе. Использование данных моделей в ГИС (геоинформационная система) дает возможность автоматизировать анализ степени пригодности территории для возделывания винограда. The original study on the distribution of the average monthly temperature in August on the territory of the Republic of Crimea was carried out by staff scientists of the Agroecology Sector. It has been proven many times that air temperature has a great influence on the growth, development and quality indicators of a grape plant. Air temperature in August has a special effect on a crop quality, since it is during this very period the best assimilation of carbon by leaves is observed, resulting in sugar accumulation and acidity decrease. The materials used were the SRTM-3 digital terrain model of the Crimean Peninsula and long-term average annual data of meteorological observations in 17 meteorological stations of Crimea and Sevastopol for the period of 1985-2019. To model spatial distribution of the average monthly air temperature in August, three mathematical models, including one authorial, were used. Digital large-scale map of spatial distribution of the average monthly air temperature in August on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula was compiled basing on the results obtained. Five zones were identified according to the average monthly temperature in August. Using of these models in GIS (geoinformation system) makes it possible to computerize the analysis of applicability of the territory for grape cultivation.


Author(s):  
S. N Puzin ◽  
I. G Gal ◽  
G. F Totchiev ◽  
Eduard N. Amerkhanov ◽  
N. V Dmitrieva

The article presents the main indices of the morbidity - the general prevalence and incidence in the Republic of South Ossetia over the period from 2012 to 2016 for the main classes, groups and specific types of diseases, as well as for individual socio-demographic groups: the population over 18 years and children aged up to 18 years. Statistical data of the total incidence for 2012-2015 in The Republic of South Ossetia is considered in comparison with similar indices of the Russian Federation. The material reflecting the ranking of incidence rates per 100 thousand of the population is presented. The analysis of the morbidity, the study of statistical indices of the morbidity, both general prevalence, and incidence, as well as the dynamics over the period of 2012-2016, are the key reference points for the development of a corresponding resource for the emerging national health system of the Republic of South Ossetia. This is of particular interest in the implementation of the integration in cooperation between the Republic of South Ossetia and the Russian Federation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
N. A. Bagrikova ◽  
M. V. Skurlatova

The “black list” of the Crimean flora, on the territory of two administrative units - the Republic of the Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol, is presented. The analysis of the alien species of the Crimean flora was carried out and the most dangerous for ecosystems invasive species of higher plants were identified in accordance with the recommendations for keeping the Black Books. The data on distribution, habitats and invasive status (IS) of 70 species are summarized. Transformers are represented by 9 species with IS 1 ( Ailanthus altissima, Bupleurum fruticosum, Elaeagnus angustifolius, Fraxinus ornus, Jacobaea maritima, Opuntia engelmannii subsp. lindheimeri, O. fragilis,O. humifusa, Rhamnus alaternus ), they change the appearance of ecosystems. Nineteen alien species actively disperse and naturalize in disturbed semi-natural and natural habitats (with IS 2) and 42 species (with IS 3) are widely distributed in disturbed habitats. The peculiarity and variety of soil and climatic conditions of the peninsula contribute to the introduction of alien species, many of which are invasive only on the territory of the Republic of the Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. This article is a necessary step towards the preparation of the Black Book of the flora of the Crimean Peninsula and the basis for making decision on prevention the economic and environmental damage of the natural biodiversity of the region.


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