scholarly journals COMPLEX DIAGNOSTICS OF GIFTED CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Lydia Konstantinovna Mazunova ◽  
Marat Irecovich Gubaidullin ◽  
Lilia Rashitovna Khalikova
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
The Brain

The article describes a set of diagnostic tools to identify the natural potential of a gifted preschooler, it presents the results of diagnosing children and their parents using these tools, as well as their interpretation. The relevance of the formation of a comprehensive diagnosis of giftedness of preschool children is determined by the task of promoting preservation and development of child giftedness, the national gene pool of gifted people in Russia. The novelty of the considered approach to solving the problem of diagnosing children’s giftedness lies in the use of an original set of techniques for determining the profile of the dominant hemispheres of the brain, a psychotype and natural inclinations of the child. The aim of the study is to find an answer to the question concerning the potential of giftedness with which a person is born and the percentage of children endowed with it. Among the research methods employed were such empirical methods as observation and testing with the help of a set of questionnaires and tests, as well as a statistical method for the initial collection and primary processing of quantitative data on natural inclinations, psychotypes, dominant profiles of hemispheric brain activity. The following diagnostic tools were applied: A. I. Savenkov’s questionnaire “Palette of interests” - to determine the natural inclinations of preschoolers,” Psychogeometric test of S. Dellinger (in the adaptation of G. I. Kolesnikova) - to determine a psychotype and the technique of Carla Hannaford - to determine the dominant profile of hemispheric activity of the brain. Among the results obtained, the most significant conclusion is the possibility of identifying a diverse and rich palette of natural inclinations in each child, which will allow individualizing the content aspect of the program and serve as a basic condition for the successful development of natural inclinations of each child. In the total sample of children (1669 questionnaires) more than 82% demonstrated inclinations to 3-4 types of human activity. Also revealed are more poorly developed areas, such as the communicative sphere, which is associated with the lack of live interaction (communication) of the child with adults and peers, and humanitarian, requiring more attention to the speech development of the child. Thus, children of 4-7 years old of both sexes with a dominant profile were characterized by a weak interest in the communicative sphere, the most preferred area for girls was art, and for boys - mathematics and technology

scholarly journals Use of the method for the formation of the concepts of size and shape in preschool children for clinical research

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Dmitrii L. Tikhonravov ◽  
Vladislav B. Voitenkov ◽  
Inna U. Golubeva ◽  
Alexander P. Gerasimov ◽  
Artem Y. Pashkov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Higher Cognitive Functions

The goal of the present study was to test the method of forming or actualizing preverbal concepts in the conditions of an independent search for a task solution in order to use the method in clinical practice. The conditions of the absence of researchers instructions allow: 1) to compare in ontogenetic and clinical aspects; 2) to develop the skills of an independent search for solutions in problem situations; 3) to improve the creative potential of a child; 4) to develop the ability to achieve a goal. The advantage of using the preverbal concepts of size and shape is that this method can be applied to children of primary preschool age and children with a delay in speech development. To test the method, 7 healthy children of the middle preschool age (4-5-year-old children) were selected. The first task was to form or actualize the concept of a bigger or smaller size in children during the simultaneous presentation of 4 flat or volume geometrical figures. The second task was to form or actualize the concept of a flat or volumetric object among simultaneously presented 4 figures of the same size (small, medium or big). To get reward children should have chosen the figure, which was different from the other 3 ones in a trial during the formation of both the concepts. In the both tasks, we calculated the quantity of trials, which were needed for the single attainment or excess of the 70% level of the correct task performance per each type of learning. The behavioral results showed that the learning speeds during the formation of the concepts of the bigger/smaller size and flat/volumetric shape did not significantly differ from each other. It could be suggested that those concepts were equally important for the 4-5-year-old children. The study showed that the concept formation model is a convenient psychological method for testing the level of the development of the higher cognitive functions in participants and its use is possible in clinical practice with the parallel recording of the brain activity (EEG, evoked potentials etc.) in children in the process of their performing cognitive tasks. The described model is promising for identifying intellectual developmental delays in preschool children and can be used to test children with various cognitive abnormalities.

scholarly journals CHANGES OF THE LOCAL FUNCTIONAL BRAIN ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH SPEECH DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY (PET STUDY)

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Khomenko ◽  
G. V. Kataeva ◽  
V. I. Kolomiec
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Metabolism Rate ◽  
Local Functional ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Functional Brain Activity ◽  
The Brain

PET study of cerebral glucose metabolism was performed in 73 children with epilepsy and mental retardation. Expressive speech disorders were associated with decrease of cerebral metabolism rate of glucose (CMRglu) in the upper frontal gyrus, caudate nucleus and thalamus of the left and right hemispheres. In the group with combined expressive and impressive speech disorders the significant CMRglu reduction in the middle temporal and supramarginal gyrus of the left hemisphere was observed. The obtained results confirm that the brain structures associated with the executive functions and complex association processes have a great significance in the speech development.

Complexity Measures of Brain Electrophysiological Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Klonowski ◽  
Pawel Stepien ◽  
Robert Stepien
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Signal Complexity ◽  
Physiological Sleep ◽  
The Brain

Over 20 years ago, Watt and Hameroff (1987 ) suggested that consciousness may be described as a manifestation of deterministic chaos in the brain/mind. To analyze EEG-signal complexity, we used Higuchi’s fractal dimension in time domain and symbolic analysis methods. Our results of analysis of EEG-signals under anesthesia, during physiological sleep, and during epileptic seizures lead to a conclusion similar to that of Watt and Hameroff: Brain activity, measured by complexity of the EEG-signal, diminishes (becomes less chaotic) when consciousness is being “switched off”. So, consciousness may be described as a manifestation of deterministic chaos in the brain/mind.

Relation Between Level of Prefrontal Activity and Subject's Performance

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Casini ◽  
Françoise Macar ◽  
Marie-Hélène Giard
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Practice Phase ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Processing Mechanism

Abstract The experiment reported here was aimed at determining whether the level of brain activity can be related to performance in trained subjects. Two tasks were compared: a temporal and a linguistic task. An array of four letters appeared on a screen. In the temporal task, subjects had to decide whether the letters remained on the screen for a short or a long duration as learned in a practice phase. In the linguistic task, they had to determine whether the four letters could form a word or not (anagram task). These tasks allowed us to compare the level of brain activity obtained in correct and incorrect responses. The current density measures recorded over prefrontal areas showed a relationship between the performance and the level of activity in the temporal task only. The level of activity obtained with correct responses was lower than that obtained with incorrect responses. This suggests that a good temporal performance could be the result of an efficacious, but economic, information-processing mechanism in the brain. In addition, the absence of this relation in the anagram task results in the question of whether this relation is specific to the processing of sensory information only.

Automated System for Epileptic Seizures Prediction based on Multi-Channel Recordings of Electrical Brain Activity

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Maksimenko ◽  
A. A. Harchenko ◽  
A. Lüttjohann
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Now the great interest in studying the brain activity based on detection of oscillatory patterns on the recorded data of electrical neuronal activity (electroencephalograms) is associated with the possibility of developing brain-computer interfaces. Braincomputer interfaces are based on the real-time detection of characteristic patterns on electroencephalograms and their transformation  into commands for controlling external devices. One of the important areas of the brain-computer interfaces application is the control of the pathological activity of the brain. This is in demand for epilepsy patients, who do not respond to drug treatment.Purpose: A technique for detecting the characteristic patterns of neural activity preceding the occurrence of epileptic seizures.Results:Using multi-channel electroencephalograms, we consider the dynamics of thalamo-cortical brain network, preceded the occurrence of an epileptic seizure. We have developed technique which allows to predict the occurrence of an epileptic seizure. The technique has been implemented in a brain-computer interface, which has been tested in-vivo on the animal model of absence epilepsy.Practical relevance:The results of our study demonstrate the possibility of epileptic seizures prediction based on multichannel electroencephalograms. The obtained results can be used in the development of neurointerfaces for the prediction and prevention of seizures of various types of epilepsy in humans. 

МЕКТЕП ЖАШЫНА ЧЕЙИНКИ БАЛДАРДЫН ДЕН СООЛУГУН ЧЫҢДООДО ОЮН ТЕХНОЛОГИЯСЫН КОЛДОНУУ

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-160
Author(s):  
Салтанат Кошалиева
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
School Students ◽  
Number Of Children

Аннотация: Бул макалада мектеп жашына чейинки балдардын ден соолугун чыңдоодо оюн технологиясын пайдалануунун өзгөчөлүктөрү талкууланат. Метепке чейинки курак баланын дене-бой жана психикалык ден соолугунун пайдубалын түптөөнүн чечүүчү этабы болуп саналат. Бул мезгилде органдардын ургаалдуу өнүгүшү жана организмдин функциялык системасынын калыптанышы жүрүүдө. Акыркы жылдары мектепке чейинки балдардын ден соолугунун начарлаганы туруктуу тенденцияга айланып, оорулуу балдардын саны көбөйүүдө. Мектеп жашына чейинки балдардын психикалык жана сүйлөө жөндөмдөрүн оюн аркылуу жакшыртып, жаңы механизмдерин иштеп чыгуу жагы каралган. Бала бакчанын негизги милдети - баланы өз алдынча жашоого даярдоо, жакшы адаттарга багыттоо менен тарбиялоо иши макалада каралган. Түйүндүү сөздөр: Ден соолук, бала бакчада, дене тарбия, элдик оюндар, тарбиялоо, ден соолукту чыңдоо, иш пландар, жаш муундар, коюлган талаптар, педагогикалык шарттар. Аннотация: В данной статье рассматриваются особенности использования игровых технологий в оздоровлении дошкольников. Дошкольный возраст является решающим этапом в формировании фундамента физического и психического здоровья ребенка. В этот период идет интенсивное развитие органов и становление функциональных систем организма. Наметившаяся в последние годы устойчивая тенденция ухудшения здоровья дошкольников, увеличение количества детей с нарушениями психического и речевого развития, диктует необходимость поиска механизмов, позволяющая изменить эту ситуацию. Основная задача детского сада - подготовить ребенка к самостоятельной жизни, дав ему для этого необходимые умения, навыки, воспитав определенные привычки. Сегодня в дошкольных учреждениях уделяется большое внимание здоровье сберегающим технологиям, которые направлены на решение самой главной задачидошкольного образования – сохранить, поддержать и обогатить здоровье детей. Ключевые слова: Здоровье, детский сад, физическое воспитание, народные подвижные игры, физические упражнения, общеобразовательная школа, учащиеся, воспитание, оздоровление, подрастающее поколение, предъявляемые требования, педагогические условия, теория и практика физического воспитания, подвижные игры. Abstract: This article discusses the features of the use of game technologies in the rehabilitation of preschoolers. Preschool age is a crucial stage in the formation of the Foundation of physical and mental health of the child. During this period there is an intensive development of organs and the formation of functional systems of the body. The steady tendency of deterioration of health of preschool children outlined in recent years, increase in number of children with violations of mental and speech development, dictates need of search of the mechanisms allowing to change this situation. The main task of the kindergarten is to prepare the child for independent life, giving him the necessary skills, bringing up certain habits. Today, preschool institutions pay great attention to health-saving technologies, which are aimed at solving the most important task of preschool education – to preserve, support and enrich the health of children. Key words: Health, kindergarten, physical education, folk outdoor games, physical exercises, secondary school, students, education, rehabilitation, the younger generation, the requirements, pedagogical conditions, theory and practice of physical education, out-door games.

scholarly journals Conditional Entropy: A Potential Digital Marker for Stress

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Soheil Keshmiri
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Solution Concept ◽  
Conditional Entropy ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
The Brain

Recent decades have witnessed a substantial progress in the utilization of brain activity for the identification of stress digital markers. In particular, the success of entropic measures for this purpose is very appealing, considering (1) their suitability for capturing both linear and non-linear characteristics of brain activity recordings and (2) their direct association with the brain signal variability. These findings rely on external stimuli to induce the brain stress response. On the other hand, research suggests that the use of different types of experimentally induced psychological and physical stressors could potentially yield differential impacts on the brain response to stress and therefore should be dissociated from more general patterns. The present study takes a step toward addressing this issue by introducing conditional entropy (CE) as a potential electroencephalography (EEG)-based resting-state digital marker of stress. For this purpose, we use the resting-state multi-channel EEG recordings of 20 individuals whose responses to stress-related questionnaires show significantly higher and lower level of stress. Through the application of representational similarity analysis (RSA) and K-nearest-neighbor (KNN) classification, we verify the potential that the use of CE can offer to the solution concept of finding an effective digital marker for stress.

scholarly journals Accuracy comparison of various quantitative [99mTc]Tc-DPD SPECT/CT reconstruction techniques in patients with symptomatic hip and knee joint prostheses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Braun ◽  
Michal Cachovan ◽  
Felix Kaul ◽  
Federico Caobelli ◽  
Markus Bäumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Knee Prostheses ◽  
Uptake Quantification ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Joint Prostheses ◽  
Painful Hip ◽  
Xspect Bone

Abstract Background There is a need for better diagnostic tools that identify loose total hip and knee arthroplasties. Here, we present the accuracy of different 99mTc-dicarboxypropandiphosphate ([99mTc]Tc-DPD) SPECT/CT quantification tools for the detection of loose prostheses in patients with painful hip and knee arthroplasties. Methods Quantitative reconstruction of mineral phase SPECT data was performed using Siemens xSPECT-Quant and xSPECT-Bone, with and without metal artefact reduction (iMAR) of CT-data. Quantitative data (SUVmax values) were compared to intraoperative diagnosis or clinical outcome after at least 1 year as standard of comparison. Cut-off values and accuracies were calculated using receiver operator characteristics. Accuracy of uptake quantification was compared to the accuracy of visual SPECT/CT readings, blinded for the quantitative data and clinical outcome. Results In this prospective study, 30 consecutive patients with 33 symptomatic hip and knee prostheses underwent [99mTc]Tc-DPD SPECT/CT. Ten arthroplasties were diagnosed loose and 23 stable. Mean-SUVmax was significantly higher around loose prostheses compared to stable prostheses, regardless of the quantification method (P = 0.0025–0.0001). Quantification with xSPECT-Bone-iMAR showed the highest accuracy (93.9% [95% CI 79.6–100%]) which was significantly higher compared to xSPECT-Quant-iMAR (81.8% [67.5–96.1%], P = 0.04) and xSPECT-Quant without iMAR (77.4% [62.4–92.4%], P = 0.02). Accuracies of clinical reading were non-significantly lower compared to quantitative measures (84.8% [70.6–99.1%] (senior) and 81.5% [67.5–96.1%] (trainee)). Conclusion Quantification with [99mTc]Tc-DPD xSPECT-Bone-iMAR discriminates best between loose and stable prostheses of all evaluated methods. The overall high accuracy of different quantitative measures underlines the potential of [99mTc]Tc-DPD-quantification as a biomarker and demands further prospective evaluation in a larger number of prosthesis.

scholarly journals Consciousness, decision making, and volition: freedom beyond chance and necessity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Liljenström
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Neural Information ◽  
Neural Information Processing ◽  
Stochastic Population Model ◽  
The Brain

AbstractWhat is the role of consciousness in volition and decision-making? Are our actions fully determined by brain activity preceding our decisions to act, or can consciousness instead affect the brain activity leading to action? This has been much debated in philosophy, but also in science since the famous experiments by Libet in the 1980s, where the current most common interpretation is that conscious free will is an illusion. It seems that the brain knows, up to several seconds in advance what “you” decide to do. These studies have, however, been criticized, and alternative interpretations of the experiments can be given, some of which are discussed in this paper. In an attempt to elucidate the processes involved in decision-making (DM), as an essential part of volition, we have developed a computational model of relevant brain structures and their neurodynamics. While DM is a complex process, we have particularly focused on the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) for its emotional, and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) for its cognitive aspects. In this paper, we present a stochastic population model representing the neural information processing of DM. Simulation results seem to confirm the notion that if decisions have to be made fast, emotional processes and aspects dominate, while rational processes are more time consuming and may result in a delayed decision. Finally, some limitations of current science and computational modeling will be discussed, hinting at a future development of science, where consciousness and free will may add to chance and necessity as explanation for what happens in the world.

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