scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL RAINFALL IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA USING SPATIAL KRIGING INTERPOLATOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 95-107
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
General Climate

Precipitation and air temperature are the basic meteorological elements in the climate research, indicating and influencing the general characteristics of the atmospheric circulation by their spatiotemporal dynamics, determinating the general climate character of the location. In this paper, the interpretation of the pluviometric regime in Bosnia and Herzegovina will be based on quantitative parameters of the horizontal spatial distribution of the mean annual precipitation sums resulting by applying GIS based kriging spatial interpolator. The results of research have shown the annual pluviometric GRID for Bosnia and Herzegovina of high spatial resolution enabling, beside the horizontal spatial distribution, the production of the detailed transverse and longitudinal pluviometric profiles.

scholarly journals Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for estimating the precipitation distribution in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Antal ◽  
Pedro M. P. Guerreiro ◽  
Sorin Cheval
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Distribution ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Mainland Portugal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatial Interpolation Methods

Abstract Precipitation has a strong and constant impact on different economic sectors, environment, and social activities all over the world. An increasing interest for monitoring and estimating the precipitation characteristics can be claimed in the last decades. However, in some areas the ground-based network is still sparse and the spatial data coverage insufficiently addresses the needs. In the last decades, different interpolation methods provide an efficient response for describing the spatial distribution of precipitation. In this study, we compare the performance of seven interpolation methods used for retrieving the mean annual precipitation over the mainland Portugal, as follows: local polynomial interpolation (LPI), global polynomial interpolation (GPI), radial basis function (RBF), inverse distance weighted (IDW), ordinary cokriging (OCK), universal cokriging (UCK) and empirical Bayesian kriging regression (EBKR). We generate the mean annual precipitation distribution using data from 128 rain gauge stations covering the period 1991 to 2000. The interpolation results were evaluated using cross-validation techniques and the performance of each method was evaluated using mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) and Taylor diagram. The results indicate that EBKR performs the best spatial distribution. In order to determine the accuracy of spatial distribution generated by the spatial interpolation methods, we calculate the prediction standard error (PSE). The PSE result of EBKR prediction over mainland Portugal increases form south to north.

scholarly journals ANALISIS VARIABILITAS CURAH HUJAN DAN SUHU PADA HUTAN SEKUNDER PT. MELAPI TIMBER

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanti Susanti ◽  
Prijanto Pamoengkas ◽  
Cahyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mean

The climate is defined as the condition of mean of air temperature, precipitation, the air pressure, the direction of the wind, air moisture and other parameters in long time. The fluctuations of high rainfall significantly affect plant productivity, such as farming, forestry and agriculture. The amount of rainfall is very important in determine the result of the cultivation of plants. Especially if it is associated with the influence of the increase of temperature. The result of this research showed that the type of land at research location were incepticol (land suitability 1) and ultisol (land suitability II, III, IV and V). The mean of annual rainfall in research location (since 2012 until 2014), were 1500 until 2000 mm/years. The mean air temperature was 26-27 oC and air moisture between 82-85.9 %. Keywords: Melapi Timber, rainfall, temperature, type of land, variability

scholarly journals Study of laws of spatial variation of the mean air temperature for the growing season on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Евгений Александрович Рыбалко ◽  
Наталья Валентиновна Баранова ◽  
Виктория Юрьевна Борисова ◽  
Валерий Семенович Петров
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

В статье приведен анализ метеорологической информации по средней температуре воздуха за вегетационный период на территории Крымского полуострова. Рассчитано среднее многолетнее значение в точках расположения метеостанций с длинным рядом метеонаблюдений на территории Крымского полуострова. При расчетах использовали многолетние данные за 30 лет по 17 метеостанциям Крымского полуострова. Для моделирования пространственного распределения величины средней температуры воздуха на первом этапе также была выбрана глобальная климатическая модель WorldClim 2.0. На её основе рассчитаны величины исследуемого показателя для опорных точек. Произведена корректировка данных модели WorldClim 2.0 путём прибавления к результатам расчёта поправки 0,99, что несколько повысило точность моделирования. Составлена также линейная многофакторная модель, учитывающая географическую широту местности и абсолютную высоту над уровнем моря. Установлено, что в зависимости от географического положения метеостанции значения средних многолетних температур воздуха составляют от 17,9 °С (Белогорск) до 20,0 °С (Феодосия, Ялта). Проанализированы при помощи технологий геоинформационного моделирования закономерности пространственного варьирования величины средней температуры. В результате проведенного анализа были получены модели, описывающие данные закономерности. С помощью полученных моделей, разработана цифровая крупномасштабная картографическая модель пространственного распределения величины средней температуры воздуха, на основе которой на территории Крымского полуострова выделено 4 зоны. Разработанная модель, в сочетании с современными геоинформационными технологиями дает возможность автоматизировать анализ степени пригодности территории для возделывания винограда. The article provides the analysis of meteorological information of the mean air temperature for the growing season on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. The long-term mean value in the points of weather station locations with a long series of weather observations on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula was calculated. For calculations we used the long-term data for 30 years on 17 weather stations of the Crimean Peninsula. To simulate the spatial distribution of the mean air temperature value at the first stage, the WorldClim 2.0 global climate model was also selected. The values of the studied parameter for reference points were calculated on its basis. The data of the WorldClim 2.0 model was adjusted by adding an error correction of 0.99 to the results of calculation, which slightly increased the modeling accuracy. A linear multivariate model was also compiled, taking into account the geographical latitude of the terrain and the absolute height above sea level. It was established that, depending on the geographical location of the weather station, the values of long-term mean air temperatures range from 17.9 ° C (Belogorsk) to 20.0 ° C (Feodosia, Yalta). The patterns of spatial variation of the mean temperature were analyzed using the technologies of geoinformation modeling. Models describing these patterns were obtained as a result of the analysis. Using the models received, a digital large-scale cartographic model of the spatial distribution of the mean air temperature was developed. On its basis 4 zones on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula were allocated. The developed model, in combination with modern geoinformation technologies, makes it possible to automate the analysis of fitness degree of the territory for grapes cultivating.

scholarly journals Factors controlling alterations in the performance of a runoff model in changing climate conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Sleziak ◽  
Ján Szolgay ◽  
Kamila Hlavčová ◽  
Doris Duethmann ◽  
Juraj Parajka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Validation Period ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Runoff Model

Abstract In many Austrian catchments in recent decades an increase in the mean annual air temperature and precipitation has been observed, but only a small change in the mean annual runoff. The main objective of this paper is (1) to analyze alterations in the performance of a conceptual hydrological model when applied in changing climate conditions and (2) to assess the factors and model parameters that control these changes. A conceptual rainfall-runoff model (the TUW model) was calibrated and validated in 213 Austrian basins from 1981–2010. The changes in the runoff model’s efficiency have been compared with changes in the mean annual precipitation and air temperature and stratified for basins with dominant snowmelt and soil moisture processes. The results indicate that while the model’s efficiency in the calibration period has not changed over the decades, the values of the model’s parameters and hence the model’s performance (i.e., the volume error and the runoff model’s efficiency) in the validation period have changed. The changes in the model’s performance are greater in basins with a dominant soil moisture regime. For these basins, the average volume error which was not used in calibration has increased from 0% (in the calibration periods 1981–1990 or 2001–2010) to 9% (validation period 2001–2010) or –8% (validation period 1981–1990), respectively. In the snow-dominated basins, the model tends to slightly underestimate runoff volumes during its calibration (average volume error = –4%), but the changes in the validation periods are very small (i.e., the changes in the volume error are typically less than 1–2%). The model calibrated in a colder decade (e.g., 1981–1990) tends to overestimate the runoff in a warmer and wetter decade (e.g., 2001–2010), particularly in flatland basins. The opposite case (i.e., the use of parameters calibrated in a warmer decade for a colder, drier decade) indicates a tendency to underestimate runoff. A multidimensional analysis by regression trees showed that the change in the simulated runoff volume is clearly related to the change in precipitation, but the relationship is not linear in flatland basins. The main controlling factor of changes in simulated runoff volumes is the magnitude of the change in precipitation for both groups of basins. For basins with a dominant snowmelt runoff regime, the controlling factors are also the wetness of the basins and the mean annual precipitation. For basins with a soil moisture regime, landcover (forest) plays an important role.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of rainfall variability and rainfed rice crop using GIS Technique in West Bengal (India)

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298
Author(s):  
P. K. SINGH ◽  
L. S. RATHORE ◽  
D. V. BHASKAR RAO ◽  
K. K. SINGH ◽  
A. K. Baxla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
The Mean

The rainfed areas receive mean annual precipitation in range of 500-1500 mm with high degree of variability and are beset with problems of mid-season drought and associated impacts on the crop productivity. In this paper, analysis of weekly, monthly, annual rainfall and weekly rainfall probabilities in relation to crop productivity has been carried out for all the stations of the study area in West Bengal where rain-fed agriculture is predominant.  However, duration of dry spells and its probabilities, climatic derivatives like commencement and cessation of rainy season, length of growing period (LGP) and estimates of water balance parameters have been carried out, in respect of all blocks in the identified three districts in West Bengal. The mean productivity during kharif season indicated that, highest productivity values of 3 to 3.5 t/ha are noticed in the block of central districts of Burdwan, Bankura, Birbhum, Hoogly districts.  Perhaps, irrigation facilities in these districts might have helped in arriving at such high productivity rates.  Low productivity of 1 to 1.5 t/ha have been noticed in two to three blocks of South 24-Paraganas and in Jalpaiguri districts. The productivity levels of northern districts, viz., Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar, West Dinajpur, South 24-Paranagas vary from 1.5 to 2.0 t/ha. The lowest productivity of 11.28 q /ha in Jaldha and 14.89 q /ha in Manbazar in 1996 can be due to heavy rainfall conditions in June and again in August. The mean productivity pattern of rice crop during kharif season in identified districts was analyzed with respect to occurrence of number of dry spells at different growth stages and average MAI values. The productivity was also related to monthly rainfall (July) and correlations have been mentioned for Jaldha block (0.22) and Manbazar block (0.64). The highest productivity of 2-3 t/ha are recorded in hot sub-humid to humid regions of West Bengal where LGP vary from 150 to 200 days. From the study of the probability of dry and wet spells and MAI during different crop phenophases, the most vulnerable phases can be identified in each region.  

scholarly journals BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA DE THORNTHWAITE E MATHER (1955) PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE MANICORÉ, NA MESORREGIÃO SUL DO AMAZONAS

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-655
Author(s):  
Paulo André da Silva Martins ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Santos Querino ◽  
Marcos Antônio Lima Moura ◽  
Juliane Kayse Albuquerque da Silva Querino ◽  
Leia Beatriz Vieira Bentolila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Classification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Water Surplus ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
E Mail

BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA DE THORNTHWAITE E MATHER (1955) PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE MANICORÉ, NA MESORREGIÃO SUL DO AMAZONAS     PAULO ANDRÉ DA SILVA MARTINS1; CARLOS ALEXANDRE SANTOS QUERINO2; MARCOS ANTÔNIO LIMA MOURA3; JULIANE KAYSE ALBUQUERQUE DA SILVA QUERINO4; LÉIA BEATRIZ VIEIRA BENTOLILA5 E PAULA CAROLINE DOS SANTOS SILVA6   1Doutorando em Geografia pela Universidade Federal de Rondônia -UNIR, membro pesquisador do grupo de pesquisa Interação biosfera atmosfera na Amazônia – GPIBA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM e grupo de pesquisa geografia e planejamento ambiental - LABOGEOPA, da Universidade Federal de Rondônia – UNIR, Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Hidro meteorologia e pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM.  Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Instituto de Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade Federal de Alagoas – ICAT/UFAL. Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, S/N Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP: 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Departamento de Hidro meteorologia e pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM.  Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Engenheira Ambiental, membra do grupo de pesquisa Interação biosfera atmosfera na Amazônia – GPIBA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM. Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected] 6Mestra em Ciências Ambientais pela Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM. Membra do grupo de pesquisa Interação biosfera atmosfera na Amazônia – GPIBA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected]     1 RESUMO   O padrão climático é descrito pelas condições das variáveis meteorológicas que exercem influência nas atividades humanas. Por sua vez, a agricultura é condicionada pela disponibilidade hídrica que pode ser conhecida através do balanço hídrico. Objetivou-se analisar a precipitação e a temperatura do ar, bem como realizar o balanço hídrico climatológico e a classificação climática em Manicoré-AM. Os dados foram coletados a partir da estação meteorológica do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia entre os anos de 2010 a 2018. A evapotranspiração potencial foi calculada pelo modelo de Thornthwaite (1948). O balanço hídrico e a classificação climática foram estimados pela metodologia de Thornthwaite e Mather (1955). Os resultados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva. A precipitação média anual foi de 2.946,20 mm dos quais 90% ocorreram no período chuvoso. A temperatura do ar (Tar) média anual variou entre 25 e 27 °C. A deficiência hídrica anual média foi de 267,91 mm entre maio e setembro. O excedente hídrico médio anual foi de 1.609,26 mm entre dezembro e abril. A evapotranspiração potencial média anual foi de 1.604,85 mm, com máxima em agosto e mínima em julho. Por fim, a Classificação climática foi AwA’a’, clima super úmido megatérmico com moderada deficiência hídrica no inverno.   Palavras-Chaves: Precipitação, Temperatura do ar, Padrão climático.   MARTINS, P. A. da S.; QUERINO, C. A. S.; MOURA, MARCOS A. L.; QUERINO, J. K. A. da S.; BENTOLILA, L. B. V.; SILVA, P. C. dos S. CLIMATIC WATER BALANCE AND THORNTHWAITE AND MATHER (1955) CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION FOR MANICORÉ MUNICIPALITY IN AMAZONAS SOUTH MESOREGION     2 ABSTRACT   Climate pattern can be described by the conditions of the meteorological variables that exert influence on human activities. Agriculture, in its turn, is conditioned by water availability, which can be known through water balance. This paper aimed to analyze precipitation and air temperature, as well as to perform the climatic water balance and climatic classification in the municipality of Manicoré (Amazonas State, Brazil). Data were collected from the meteorological station of the National Institute of Meteorology from 2010 through 2018. Potential evapotranspiration was calculated by the Thornthwaite model (Thornthwaite, 1948). Water balance and climatic classification were estimated by Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) methodology. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The mean annual precipitation was 2.946.20 mm, of which 90% occurred in the rainy season. The average annual air temperature ranged from 25 to 27 ° C. The mean annual water deficit was 267.91 mm from May through September. The average annual water surplus was 1,609.26 mm from December through April. The annual average potential evapotranspiration was 1,604.85 mm, with maximum in August and minimum in July. Finally, the climatic classification was AwA'a ', super humid megathermal climate with moderate water deficiency in winter.   Keywords: Precipitation, Air temperature, Southern Amazonas.

scholarly journals Changes in thermal and precipitation conditions in Poland in 1971–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Skowera ◽  
Joanna Kopcińska ◽  
Bogumiła Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Meteorological Elements

Abstract Changes in thermal and precipitation conditions in Poland in 1971-2010. The article presents changes in thermal and precipitation conditions on Polish territory in the years 1971- -2010 based on data from six meteorological stations (Koszalin, Olsztyn, Poznań, Lublin, Opole and Kraków). These data concern the monthly average air temperature, precipitation and the number of days with precipitation per month. Based on the analysis of changing trends in the study of meteorological elements, authors observed an increase in the mean annual air temperature of about 0.9°C over 10 years in all localities. In contrast, trends in the average monthly air temperatures were characterised by temporal and spatial variation. As a result of the increase in temperature, there was a change in the dates signifying the beginning and the end of the thermal periods: farming (OG), vegetation (OW), intensive vegetation (OIW) and maturation or thermal summers (OD/L). A tendency for these periods to start earlier was noted. Statistically significant changes were found for the following periods: vegetation in Koszalin and Olsztyn, intensive vegetation at all stations and thermal summer only in Lublin. An increasingly later end to these periods was noted, and statistically significant trends were found for the dates of the end of the following periods: maturation (thermal summer) at all stations except Opole, intensive vegetation in Poznań and Lublin and vegetation in Lublin and Opole. Seasonal and monthly precipitation totals in the years 1971-2010 were characterised by cyclicality. Significant upward trends were found only in the case of monthly precipitation totals in August in Koszalin and the sum of precipitation in the cooler half of the year in Poznań. In contrast, there was more days with precipitation at all stations included in the study, but the statistical significance of trends varied by location. Changes in thermal and precipitation conditions were accompanied by, among other factors, an increase in temperature, changes in the length of thermal periods and an increase in the frequency of rainfall. All of this is important information for the agricultural sector regarding changing crop conditions

scholarly journals Dynamical Analysis of Severe Rain Events over Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Shatha Issa ◽  
Jasim Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
Climate Studies

Abstract Rain is one of the most important meteorological elements for the various forms of life. Over time, because of the changes in the Earth's climate, patterns of precipitation have changed. Many areas have suffered from lack of water resources. Others have become completely dry and turned into arid deserts. For these reasons, increased interest in climate studies, especially those related to rainfall. In this study, the statistical indicators was showed for the mean annual rainfall is about 225.84 mm and rainfall fluctuates around this mean, and the trend of rainfall was decreasing for period (1983-2017). The mean of monthly rainfall indicate that the highest amount is less than40 mm/month. The histograms of monthly rain shows the highest counts of(40-50) mm, (30-40) mm, (20-30) mm, ( 10-20)mm, (0-10)mm intervals for same period. By using TRMM daily rainfall maps to study the dynamical analysis of severe rainfall cases was conducted in Iraq for four individual study cases. The highest values are ranged between (80- 160) mm. Eleven meteorological elements were selected to study their behavior in the process of severe rainfall in these study cases as the (1000-500) mb thickness, mean sea level pressure, the 850 hPa (relative humidity, temperature and streamlines), the 500 hPa (vorticity and geopotential height), the 200 hPa (streamlines and isotaches), the Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and the Total Cloud Water Vapor (TCWV) founding some of the results that were illustrated in this paper.

scholarly journals Long-term air temperature and precipitation variability in the Warta River catchment area

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Ilnicki ◽  
Ryszard Farat ◽  
Krzysztof Górecki ◽  
Piotr Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Measurement Series ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The variability of the mean annual air temperature and precipitation totals in three periods: 1848–2010, 1951–2010 and 1981–2010 was investigated in the large Warta River basin, being the area with lowest rainfall in Poland. For the purposes of research, nine meteorological stations with the longest measurement series were selected. Air temperature increase in this river basin was similar than in neighbouring countries. In the last 30 years this trend kept increasing. The precipitation in the whole studied period was slightly increasing in the northern part of the Warta River basin, but decreasing in the southern part. The mean annual precipitation totals in the catchment area did not change visible. In the period 1981–2010, the precipitation totals show a small increase in the winter and spring and a decrease in summer. A negative influence of this climate change was not visible in the Warta River discharge. The main objectives of this study were the collection long-term records of air temperature and precipitation in the Warta River basin, and the statistical analysis of climate variability.

Impact of changing rainfall conditions on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact

The present study concerns the impact of a change in the rainfall regime on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed. The research is conducted in a gauged mountainous watershed (15.18 km2) that is located on the eastern side of Penteli Mountain, in the prefecture of Attica, Greece and the study period concerns the years from 2003 to 2008. The decrease in the annual rainfall depth during the last two hydrological years 2006-2007, 2007-2008 is 10% and 35%, respectively, in relation to the average of the previous years. In addition, the monthly distribution of rainfall is characterized by a distinct decrease in winter rainfall volume. The field measurements show that this change in rainfall conditions has a direct impact on the surface runoff of the watershed, as well as on the groundwater reserves. The mean annual runoff in the last two hydrological years has decreased by 56% and 75% in relation to the average of the previous years. Moreover, the groundwater level follows a declining trend and has dropped significantly in the last two years.

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