scholarly journals Changes in thermal and precipitation conditions in Poland in 1971–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Skowera ◽  
Joanna Kopcińska ◽  
Bogumiła Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Meteorological Elements

Abstract Changes in thermal and precipitation conditions in Poland in 1971-2010. The article presents changes in thermal and precipitation conditions on Polish territory in the years 1971- -2010 based on data from six meteorological stations (Koszalin, Olsztyn, Poznań, Lublin, Opole and Kraków). These data concern the monthly average air temperature, precipitation and the number of days with precipitation per month. Based on the analysis of changing trends in the study of meteorological elements, authors observed an increase in the mean annual air temperature of about 0.9°C over 10 years in all localities. In contrast, trends in the average monthly air temperatures were characterised by temporal and spatial variation. As a result of the increase in temperature, there was a change in the dates signifying the beginning and the end of the thermal periods: farming (OG), vegetation (OW), intensive vegetation (OIW) and maturation or thermal summers (OD/L). A tendency for these periods to start earlier was noted. Statistically significant changes were found for the following periods: vegetation in Koszalin and Olsztyn, intensive vegetation at all stations and thermal summer only in Lublin. An increasingly later end to these periods was noted, and statistically significant trends were found for the dates of the end of the following periods: maturation (thermal summer) at all stations except Opole, intensive vegetation in Poznań and Lublin and vegetation in Lublin and Opole. Seasonal and monthly precipitation totals in the years 1971-2010 were characterised by cyclicality. Significant upward trends were found only in the case of monthly precipitation totals in August in Koszalin and the sum of precipitation in the cooler half of the year in Poznań. In contrast, there was more days with precipitation at all stations included in the study, but the statistical significance of trends varied by location. Changes in thermal and precipitation conditions were accompanied by, among other factors, an increase in temperature, changes in the length of thermal periods and an increase in the frequency of rainfall. All of this is important information for the agricultural sector regarding changing crop conditions

scholarly journals Space-time changes in the initial phase of modern climate warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-627
Author(s):  
S. A. Lysenko ◽  
V. F. Loginov
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Singular Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
The North ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Decadal Scale

The initial phase of a temperature growth in different parts of the Earth has been examined. It is found that climate warming in the continental areas began 6–8 years earlier than in the oceanic areas. Climate warming in the sub-polar cyclonic circulation area in the North Atlantic has been started only after the beginning of the positive quasi-30-year phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), i. e. since 2000s. On the basis of the Singular Spectrum Analysis of the air temperature time series the continental areas are found, in which summer air temperature changes are synchronous with AMO on a decadal scale. In those regions, climate warming began with a 10–15 year lag in comparison to other continental areas. The highest level of statistical significance of the correlation between quasi-60-year AMO components and summer air temperatures is observed in Central and Eastern Europe (35–60° N, 10–45° E). This oscillation explains the decadal summer temperature changes within the range of ±(0.5–0.6) °C in Belarus. Climate warming intensifies in summer during the ascending AMO segment, while during the descending segment, which has started since around 2010, the decrease in the rate of growth of summer temperatures should be expected.

scholarly journals Direct Calculation of Thermodynamic Wet-Bulb Temperature as a Function of Pressure and Elevation

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1757-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed-Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Troy R. Peters ◽  
Douglas R. Cobos ◽  
Henry W. Loescher ◽  
Colin S. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Abstract A simple analytical method was developed for directly calculating the thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature from air temperature and the vapor pressure (or relative humidity) at elevations up to 4500 m above MSL was developed. This methodology was based on the fact that the wet-bulb temperature can be closely approximated by a second-order polynomial in both the positive and negative ranges in ambient air temperature. The method in this study builds upon this understanding and provides results for the negative range of air temperatures (−17° to 0°C), so that the maximum observed error in this area is equal to or smaller than −0.17°C. For temperatures ≥0°C, wet-bulb temperature accuracy was ±0.65°C, and larger errors corresponded to very high temperatures (Ta ≥ 39°C) and/or very high or low relative humidities (5% < RH < 10% or RH > 98%). The mean absolute error and the root-mean-square error were 0.15° and 0.2°C, respectively.

scholarly journals The isotopic record at an alpine glacier and its implications for local climatic changes and isotopic homogenization processes

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (156) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Yuanqing ◽  
Wilfred H. Theakstone ◽  
Yao Tandong ◽  
Shi Yafeng
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Alpine Glacier ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Regional Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractStratigraphic variations of oxygen isotopes in the snow which accumulates during the winter at the Norwegian glacier Austre Okstindbreen are not entirely eliminated after 1–2 months of ablation in the following summer. The relationship between regional temperature changes and δ18O values in the snowpack is affected by many natural factors, but 1989/90 winter air temperatures were reflected in the snow which remained on Austre Okstindbreen at 1350 m a.s.l. in July 1990. There were many variations of δ18O values in the 4.1m of snow above the 1989 summer surface, but variations in the underlying firn were relatively small. Meltwater percolation modifies the initial variations of δ18O values in the snowpack. At a site below the mean equilibrium-line altitude on Austre Okstindbreen, increased isotopic homogenization within a 10 day period in July accompanied an increase of the mean δ18O value. Although the isotopic record at a temperate glacier is likely to be influenced by more factors than is that at polar glaciers, it can provide an estimate of the approximate trend of local temperature variations.

Temporal and spatial variation of 10-day mean air temperature in Northwestern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Lanhai Li ◽  
Shanlin Yuan ◽  
Haowen Yan ◽  
Guigang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Temporal and spatial variation in the energy intake of a brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) population in an Appalachian watershed

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2675-2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M Utz ◽  
Kyle J Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Very High

Stream-dwelling salmonids in eastern North America are often restricted to headwater watersheds, where productivity is low and thus feeding conditions are poor. We sought to quantify how energy intake varies with spatial and temporal variation by monitoring feeding rates in multiple sites over the course of two years. Daily rations were calculated for 939 fish by examining stomach contents. Maintenance rations were compared with daily rations using a bioenergetics model. Consumption peaked in spring, dropped substantially in summer, and remained low until the following spring. A minority of fish fed at very high levels during all seasons, elevating the mean consumption of the population. Fish occupying large sites with low trout densities consistently consumed more energy than fish in smaller streams with high trout densities. A direct relationship between trout density and mean consumption was observed during summer, when feeding conditions were poorest. Our findings suggest that within a headwater watershed, larger reaches of streams where fewer trout are found act as important feeding areas and thus may be important habitat for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).

scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL RAINFALL IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA USING SPATIAL KRIGING INTERPOLATOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 95-107
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
General Climate

Precipitation and air temperature are the basic meteorological elements in the climate research, indicating and influencing the general characteristics of the atmospheric circulation by their spatiotemporal dynamics, determinating the general climate character of the location. In this paper, the interpretation of the pluviometric regime in Bosnia and Herzegovina will be based on quantitative parameters of the horizontal spatial distribution of the mean annual precipitation sums resulting by applying GIS based kriging spatial interpolator. The results of research have shown the annual pluviometric GRID for Bosnia and Herzegovina of high spatial resolution enabling, beside the horizontal spatial distribution, the production of the detailed transverse and longitudinal pluviometric profiles.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Variability in Surface Air Temperature and Diurnal Temperature Range in Spain over the Period 1950–2011

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Bilbao ◽  
Roberto Román ◽  
Argimiro De Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin), mean (Tmean) air temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR) trends on a seasonal and annual time scale are evaluated from data recorded at nine Spanish weather stations during the period 1950–2011. Temporal and spatial variability in temperatures and in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) are presented. The non-parametric Theil-Sen approach and the Mann-Kendall test are used to evaluate anomaly temperature trends and their statistical significance, respectively. An air temperature reduction in Spain between 1950 and 1980 emerges and significant warming is observed between 1980 and 2011. On a seasonal scale, the weakest trends (mostly insignificant at the 5% confidence level) are noted during autumn, while the strongest warming rates were found during summer and spring. The rate of change between 1950 and 2011 in Tmax, Tmin and Tmean was 1.6 °C, 1.1 °C and 1.3 °C, respectively. DTR trends showed a decrease on the Mediterranean coast and a small change in northern, Atlantic and rural areas. The spatial distribution of annual and seasonal trends was plotted as isoline maps and strong trend gradients from the south to the north of the country are observed. DTR values were negatively correlated with relative humidity and precipitation and positively correlated with sunshine hours.

scholarly journals Influence of air temperature on a glacier’s active-layer temperature

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zagorodnov ◽  
O. Nagornov ◽  
L.G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Tropical Glaciers ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Screen Level ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSeasonal temperature variations occur in the glacier layer about 15–20 m below the surface, while at greater depths the glacier temperature depends on the long-term surface conditions. It is generally accepted that for glaciers without surface melting the temperature at 10 m depth (T10) is close to the mean annual air temperature at standard screen level (Ta), i.e. T10 =Ta. We found that this relationship is not valid for Ta above –17˚C and below –55˚C. The goal of our investigation is to find a better temperature transfer function (TTF) between Ta and temperature at the boundary of the active layer in accumulation areas of polar and tropical glaciers. Low-precision T10 temperatures from boreholes, obtained at 41 sites, are compared with air temperatures (Ta) measured in the vicinity of these sites for at least a 1 year period. We determine that when Ta falls into the temperature range –60 to –7˚C, empirical values can be approximated as T10 = 1:2Ta + 6:7. Analysis of these data suggests that high T10 occurs in the areas of the glacier that collect meltwater.

scholarly journals Recent extreme air temperature changes in Montenegro

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Buric ◽  
Vladan Ducic ◽  
Jovan Mihajlovic ◽  
Jelena Lukovic ◽  
Jovan Dragojlovic
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World

The studies show that the changes in intensity and frequency of the extreme weather events have been registered in many regions of the world. This paper gives an analysis of the change of 12 air temperature parameters, out of which 9 are climate indices. The indices suggested by WMO-CCL/CLIVAR have been used in order to investigate the changes in temperature extremes. The research related to the topic has been carried out by using the data from 23 meteorological stations for the 1951 - 2010 period and calculations have been done on the seasonal level. The results show that the maximum and minimum air temperatures, which have ?warmer values?, are becoming more frequent on the territory of Montenegro which corresponds to the general idea of global warming.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Adaptation of Chinese Torreya Plantations to Climate Change

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
Jianzhi Niu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Air Temperatures

Studying the capacity of some plant species to adapt to climate change is essential for ecological research and agricultural policy development. Chinese Torreya (Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’) has been an important crop tree in subtropical China for over a thousand years. It is necessary to characterize its adaptation to climate change. In this study, the average monthly temperature and precipitation from 1901 to 2017 in the six regions with Chinese Torreya plantations at different provinces were analyzed. The results indicated that the average annual air temperature across these regions had increased by about 2.0 °C, but no general trend in the annual precipitation and incidence of drought was found. The annual air temperature that Chinese Torreya plantations had experienced was 12.96–18.23 °C; the highest and the lowest average monthly air temperatures were 30.1 °C and −0.8 °C, respectively. The lowest and the highest annual precipitation were 874.56 mm and 2501.88 mm, respectively. Chinese Torreya trees endured a severe drought period in the 1920s. The monthly air temperature at Zhuji, which is the central production region, showed a significant correlation with the air temperature in the other five regions. The monthly precipitation in Hunan and Guizhou had no significant correlation with that of Zhuji. Chinese Torreya plantations have been grown in the regions with a similar climate distance index of air temperatures but different precipitation. This tree has a high capacity to adapt to climate change based on the climate dynamics across its range. This approach may provide a way to evaluate climate adaptation in other tree species. These results may provide helpful information for the development of Chinese Torreya plantations.

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