ALFALFA SELECTION FOR THE SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS FOOTHILL ZONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-519
Author(s):  
N.N. Doguzova ◽  
◽  
F.T. Gerieva ◽  
I.O. Gazdanova ◽  
V.V. Tedeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The North ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties

Alfalfa belongs to the legume family and has the ability to accumulate to a greater or lesser extent nutritious nitrogenous substances due to the vital activity of nodule bacteria that settle on its roots. This is a productive and high-protein fodder crop. The inherent high plasticity allows it to adapt to a variety of conditions of existence, so it is distributed almost everywhere. Alfalfa increases soil fertility as a result of nitrogen accumulation. The accumulation of organic matter is of great importance in improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Alfalfa has a lot of lysine, and in terms of the content of essential amino acids, it surpasses corn, sorghum, soy, barley and a number of other crops. In recent years, in the North Ossetia-Alania, alfalfa sown areas are expanding, seed demand is growing, but their production remains low. This is due to the lack of adaptive, highly productive varieties of alfalfa resistant to diseases, lodging, and insufficiently studied several issues of the technology of cultivating it for seeds. The aim of the research is to create alfalfa varieties that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stress factors of the environment for cultivation in the North Caucasus based on a targeted selection of promising genotypes. As a result of three years of research, it was found that the alfalfa varieties Senegibridnaya and Kizlyarskaya surpassed other varieties by 5–7% in yield of green mass and foliage. Among the tested alfalfa varieties, Kizlyarskaya cultivar had a higher productivity, in which the yield indicators of green mass, dry matter, and mass of 1000 pcs were most successfully combined. seed. In the perspective of our research, the distinguished varieties will be used to form new varieties of alfalfa.

ASSESSMENT OF PROMISING ALFALFA VARIETIES’ ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS IN THE PIEDMONT ZONE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070-1076
Author(s):  
N.N. Doguzova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties

Among perennial leguminous grasses, the leading place is occupied by alfalfa, which has valuable biological characteristics and economically useful traits, which have great potential and prospects for use. Alfalfa is grown in more than 80 countries of the world on an area of over 35 million hectares, in various climatic and ecological conditions and on a variety of soils. Alfalfa increases soil fertility as a result of nitrogen accumulation. Alfalfa provides high-protein feed, carbohydrates, mineral salts, including trace elements, in terms of nutrient content. Alfalfa, like other perennial legumes, is used for hay, grass flour, and green mass. Alfalfa contains a lot of lysine, and in terms of the content of essential amino acids, it surpasses corn, sorghum, soybeans, barley and a number of other crops. In recent years, the acreage of alfalfa has been expanding, the demand for seeds is increasing, but their production remains at a low level. The aim of the study is to study various varieties of alfalfa, in order to create varieties that are resistant to biotic and abiotic to stress environmental factors for cultivation in the North Caucasus. According to research, it was established that Sinegibridnaya and Kizlyarskaya alfalfa varieties surpassed other varieties by 4-6% in terms of height and green mass. The higher productivity among the tested alfalfa varieties was possessed by the Kizlyarskaya variety, in which the yield indicators were most successfully combined with height and green mass.

scholarly journals Biological basis of sorghum cultivation in the North-West of the Non-Chernozem zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-541
Author(s):  
Elena P. Shkodina
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
North West ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The North ◽  
The One

The need to restore the dairy cattle population and the feed base in the North-West region of the Russian Federation requires new sources of feed with high yield and nutritional values. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of sugar sorghum introduction into the region for forage use. The research was conducted in 2017-2020 in the conditions of the Novgorod region. On plots with an area of 10 m2 in the third decade of May sugar sorghum was sown: a hybrid of the first generation Silosnoe 88, the Galia variety, the Laretz line. The predecessors were potato (2017, 2018, 2020) and vetch and oat mix (2019). The ability of sugar sorghum to stop developing and hibernate in unfavorable weather conditions, resuming vegetation when the weather improves, has been established. Intensive plant growth was observed at the end of July-August with the average daily growth of 1.9-5.0 cm. By the end of August, the plant height reached 245-280 cm, the yield of green mass was 110 t/ha (hybrid Silosnoe 88), 139.2 t/ha (variety Galia), 136 t/ha (Laretz line). In the extreme conditions of 2017, the yield of sorghum green mass was 21 t/ha. The yield of dry matter (DM) from 1 ha reached 6.8-13.4 t/ha. The protein content in the DM was 8.4-11.5 %, the yield of feed units was 0.76-0.82 kg/kg, the output of exchange energy was 9.7-10.1 MJ/kg. Sugar sorghum has an ability to grow back after mowing; in the conditions of the Novgorod region, the yield of green mass from two mowing (end of July, August-September) was lower (23.3-46.7 t/ha) than from the one at the end of August-September (44.3-139.2 t/ha). The Laretz line vegetation phases began 5-27 days later than those of the Silosnoe 88 hybrid and Galiya variety. The growing season of sugar sorghum ended in the phase of “heading of panicles - flowering”. Thus, a high plasticity and adaptability of sorghum varieties to unfavorable climatic conditions of the zone and their prospects for use in forage production have been established.

scholarly journals Evaluation of onion samples (Allium cepa L.) of various origins in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus and creation of source material fo

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
I. S. Mastyaev ◽  
A. F. Agafonov ◽  
L. V. Krivenkov
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Yields

Relevance. The success of breeding work is largely determined by the source material, the search and creation of which for target breeding begins with the collection and study of collectible samples for the alignment of morphological features; for the precocity and amity of maturation; for the keeping quality and transportability of bulbs; for the quality of vegetable products (high content of biologically active substances and antioxidants); for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors of a specific growing zone.Materials and methods. On the basis of the North Caucasus branch FSBSI FSVC, 90 samples of spring onions from 26 countries of the world were evaluated in the number nursery for the period from 2017 to 2019, 71 of them were varieties and 19 were F1 hybrids. In a hybrid nursery, 25 hybrid combinations obtained from FSBSI FSVC (VNIISSOK) were evaluated. The laying and placement of experiments, agricultural techniques of cultivation, accounting and evaluation of economically valuable traits, biochemical analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The standards are the new Primo and Ampex varieties of the selection of the FSBSI FSVC and the Italian F1 hybrid Ranko, which were placed every 10 collection samples.Results.According to the results of the assessment, among the studied F1 varieties and hybrids, sources of economically valuable traits such as yield (20-27 t/ha), precocity (80-90 days), preservation (more than 85%) when laid for long-term storage up to 7 months, purple, white and pink color of bulbs, as well as sources of long-shaped bulbs were identified. The greatest interest for breeding for yield is represented by 9 promising varieties and 9 F1 hybrids of onions of various origins, as well as 4 hybrid combinations that were distinguished by high yields, the yield of marketable products and the mass of marketable bulbs. These samples are recommended for use in the breeding process as sources for the creation of new varieties and hybrids with high yields for the agro-climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus.r breeding

scholarly journals Helminth biodiversity and spread peculiarities of helminthiasis of domestic artiodactyls in the Caspian Depression ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Agay Ataev ◽  
Madina Zubairova ◽  
Nadyrsultan Karsakov ◽  
Dzhamilya Kataeva ◽  
Arslan Khasaev
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
The North ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Caspian Depression ◽  
Animal Grazing

The Caspian Depression is situated on the flat eastern territory of the North Caucasus. According to the soil and climatic conditions, different ecosystems are neighboring in the Caspian Depression: lowland moistened areas (up to 30% of the territories), plat steppes (more than 50%), salt marshes (up to 10%), and semi-deserts (up to 10%). The majority of the Caspian Depression territories are used for domestic animal grazing, where more than 3 million sheep, goats and up to 150 thousand heads of cattle are contained. 46 nosological units of helminthiasis agents are parasitized on domestic ruminants, including 37 species of sheep and 38 of cattle. The average temperature in winter is up to +12°С; in summer – up to +45°С (210-220 days a year). This region is characterized by year-round use of land and an increase in zootechnical standards for keeping animals per unit of pasture (up to 8 heads of sheep and 3 heads of cattle). Moreover, it has a rich variety of pathogens of helminthiasis, the similarity of most types of helminths for domestic ruminants, a high number of invasive stages in biotopes, and up to 95% of the prevalence of mixed invasions of dangerous parasitoses.

scholarly journals Promising varieties of spring glumaceous oat of the mowing and grain-mowing directions, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Elena Vologzhanina ◽  
Galina Batalova
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The results of the study of 12 varieties and promising lines of glumaceous oat in the competitive variety testing of the FASC of the North-East (Kirov region) in the period from 2018 to 2020 are presented. The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity, ecological plasticity and stability of the genotypes of glumaceous oat for feed and universal use in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The dependences of grain yield and dry matter harvesting on the state of agro-climatic resources (HTC), temperature and precipitation are established. The contrasting weather conditions during the years of research allowed to conduct the most complete assessment of the studied genotypes. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a high yield of green mass of oat were formed in 2020 (Ij=3.76), grain - in 2019 (Ij=1.35). The average degree of positive dependence of green mass yield on the height of oat plants was revealed (r=0.51). The variety of the high-intensity type of the universal direction Medved, promising lines of the mowing direction (178h13 and 245h14) are distinguished.

THE ROLE OF TECHNOGENIC IMPACT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DANGEROUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-450
Author(s):  
Irina Malneva ◽  
Nina Kononova ◽  
Muhtar Hadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Technogenic Impact ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Operational Forecasts

The article presents an assessment of technogenic impact on the development of hazardous geological processes in the mountainous regions of the Northern Caucasus in the current century. Technogenic impact is determined by the stability of rock formations that make up the Krasnodar Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria, and North Ossetia relative to the impacts of other forces. It is also noted that the activity of hazardous geological processes is largely determined by the interaction of climatic conditions, which determine their speed, and technogenesis. Examples of problematic territories of the North Caucasus are given. To assess climatic changes and major catastrophes, a typology of atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere was developed under the leadership of B.L. Dzerdzeevsky. Typification materials from the period between 1899 and 2018 are posted in the public domain, at www.atmospheric-circulation.ru. The largest catastrophes, in which landslides and mudflows became more active, and the interaction of natural and man-made factors in these disasters are considered.Hazardous geological processes can disrupt the sustainable development of individual regions with their negative impact on the environment. The assessment of their danger is therefore of special current relevance. The article considers the possibility of predicting catastrophes associated with these processes. Long-term forecasts of landslides, mudflows and other processes continue to be important. The methodology of such forecasting was previously developed in sufficient detail. The greatest importance is assigned to operational forecasts that will make it possible to warn of possible danger hours or even days ahead.

scholarly journals The study of the productivity dynamics and quality of forage made from different varieties of alfalfa and sainfoin

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ignatiev ◽  
T. V. Gryazeva ◽  
N. G. Ignatieva ◽  
A. A. Regidin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Productivity Potential

Alfalfa and sainfoin have always been the main perennial fodder legumes in the south of Russia. Because of their economic and biological properties, crop and fodder production have always relied on their cultivation and will rely on it in the future. Insufficient cultivated areas of these legumes make it impossible to provide livestock with balanced feed, to use climatic, soil and plant resources rationally. The study of the varietal composition of alfalfa and sainfoin developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” showed that the productivity potential of these varieties makes it possible to obtain a fairly high yields of forage under various weather-climatic conditions. For 6 years the average yield of green mass of the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” was 27.0 t/ha in the first cutting and 18.1 t/ha in the second cutting, and in the total for two cuttings it is 45.1 t/ha. In the first cutting for 5 years out of 6, the green mass pro­ductivity of the alfalfa varieties “Lyutsiya” and “Selyanka” significantly exceeded the standard variety. On average for two cuttings, green mass productivity of the varieties “Lyutsiya” (47.8 t/ha) and “Selyanka” (48.9 t/ha) was higher than that of the standard variety. The yield of absolutely dry matter of the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” varied from 6.7 t/ha to 7.7 t/ha in the first cutting and from 4.3 t/ha to 5.2 t/ha in the second cutting. The yield of absolutely dry matter of the alfalfa varieties “Lyutsiya” and “Selyanka” reliably exceeded the standard variety in the first cutting, but in the second cutting their yield was equal to the yield of the standard variety. According to the green mass yield of one cutting, the studied varieties of sainfoin were as good as the alfalfa productivity in the first cutting. The green mass pro­ductivity of the standard variety “Zernogradsky 2” ranged from 24.4 to 31.1 t/ha, the green mass productivity of the sainfoin variety “Veles” ranged from 26.8 t/ha to 39.4 t/ha, and the green mass productivity of the variety “Sudar” ranged from 28.8 t/ha to 33.3 t/ha. The dry matter productivity of the sainfoin varieties developed in a similar way. The minimum dry matter productivity of the standard variety “Zernogradsky 2” was 6.1 t/ha, the maximum was 7.8 t/ha. The minimum dry matter productivity of the variety “Veles” was 6.7 t/ha and the maximum was 9.8 t/ha. The minimum dry matter productivity of the variety “Sudar” was 7.2 t/ha and the maximum was 8.8 t/ha. In total for 2 cuttings, the alfalfa varieties produced 7.45–8.12 thousand of fodder units, 2.29–2.57 t/ha of raw protein and 1.59–1.78 t/ha of digestible protein. The varieties “Lyutsiya” and “Selyanka” showed a higher yield of nutrients, compared with the standard variety. The nutrient productivity of the studied sainfoin varieties slightly yielded to the alfalfa varieties in the first cutting. On average they produced 3.89–4.55 thousand of fodder units per hectare, 1.34–1.55 t/ha of raw protein and 0.93–1.11 t/ha of digestible protein. In comparison with the standard variety “Zernogradsky 2”, the sainfoin varieties “Veles” and “Sudar” had a greater productivity of nutrients.

scholarly journals Modelling the evolution of Djankuat Glacier, North Caucasus, from 1752 until 2100 CE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 4039-4061
Author(s):  
Yoni Verhaegen ◽  
Philippe Huybrechts ◽  
Oleg Rybak ◽  
Victor V. Popovnin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Debris Cover

Abstract. We use a numerical flow line model to simulate the behaviour of the Djankuat Glacier, a World Glacier Monitoring Service reference glacier situated in the North Caucasus (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russian Federation), in response to past, present and future climate conditions (1752–2100 CE). The model consists of a coupled ice flow–mass balance model that also takes into account the evolution of a supraglacial debris cover. After simulation of the past retreat by applying a dynamic calibration procedure, the model was forced with data for the future period under different scenarios regarding temperature, precipitation and debris input. The main results show that the glacier length and surface area have decreased by ca. 1.4 km (ca. −29.5 %) and ca. 1.6 km2 (−35.2 %) respectively between the initial state in 1752 CE and present-day conditions. Some minor stabilization and/or readvancements of the glacier have occurred, but the general trend shows an almost continuous retreat since the 1850s. Future projections using CMIP5 temperature and precipitation data exhibit a further decline of the glacier. Under constant present-day climate conditions, its length and surface area will further shrink by ca. 30 % by 2100 CE. However, even under the most extreme RCP 8.5 scenario, the glacier will not have disappeared completely by the end of the modelling period. The presence of an increasingly widespread supraglacial debris cover is shown to significantly delay glacier retreat, depending on the interaction between the prevailing climatic conditions, the debris input location, the debris mass flux magnitude and the time of release of debris sources from the surrounding topography.

scholarly journals Analysis of regional features of water consumption structure in the North Caucasus. Part 2. Problems of water use optimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Е.А. Rybak ◽  
◽  
О.О. Rybak ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Quality Water

The use of water for various human needs can be considered as an anthropogenic factor affecting water resources. The amount of water consumption is determined by the size of the population, the level of development and the state of housing and communal services, climatic conditions and other factors. The agricultural sector plays a significant role in the economy of the South and North Caucasian Federal Districts. The increase in agricultural production, especially in the southern drylands, is largely due to its reliable and high-quality water supply. A large share of the agricultural sector in the structure of water use determines that the water turnover coefficient in the region as a whole is much lower than the national one. The analysis of open sources revealed the key problems of water consumption in the region and enabled to identify specific measures for revising its structure.

scholarly journals Productivity potential of the Melba apple variety on rootstocks of different growth strengths

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
E. N. Ivanenko ◽  
T. V. Menshutina ◽  
M. G. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
The North ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Productivity Potential

The article presents the results of a five-year study of the yield of the Melba apple variety on dwarf, semi-dwarf and medium-sized rootstocks selected by the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking (SKFNCSVV). The aim of the research is to study the influence of rootstocks of different growth strengths on the productivity potential of the Melba apple variety in the natural and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region. The research revealed the influence of the rootstock genotype on the main productivity indicators: perishability, yield, frequency of fruiting, stability of productivity, marketable qualities of fruits. The early fruitfulness of the variety was most affected by the dwarf subspecies SK 3, SK 7 and semi-dwarf SK 2, on which 60–100% of the trees bloomed in the first year of growth in the garden. Among the studied combinations, the highest rates of crop growth in the Melba variety were noted on the dwarf rootstock SK 3 and semi-dwarf SK 2, in combination with which the variety was characterized by maximum values of average (19.4–16.3 t/ha) and total yield (97.2–81.6 t/ha), with the values of these indicators on the control variants 16.0–10.6 t/ha and 80.2–53.1 t/ha respectively. Low indicators of the periodicity index were noted on the dwarf rootstock SK 3 (15.6) and semi-dwarf rootstock: control M 26 (23.0), SK 2 (20.0), SK 5 (27.5), high index of productivity stability (0.75–0.86) – on rootstocks SK 3, SK 2 and SK 5. In the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region, the zoned variety Melba is recommended to be grown in an intensive garden on rootstocks SK 3 and SK 2, which ensure regular and stable yields.

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