CORD-LIKE BACTERIA – A LIVING BIOLOGICAL CAUSATIVE AGENT OF MALIGNANT CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-855
Author(s):  
P.A. Kulyasov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Von Liebig ◽  
Pathological Material

In the study of the malignant cancerous thickening of the tumor-like nature in a cat’s mammary gland with the subsequent staining of the pathological material by the improved method according to H. C. Gram, a category of rod-shaped bacteria of the cord form was found. It was noted that these microscopic (visible in an optical microscope) bacteria are able to cluster into dense formations and, with an increase in the temperature of the external environment, form dense living “ropes” and “bundles” from tens of thousands microbial individuals. This gives them the opportunity, getting and reproducing in a favorable environment, thereby increasing their population in quantity, inside the living body of the diseased animal organism, pulling the affected parts of the body and its internal organs and tissues with cord-like overlays, leading to their microbial suffocation. The flow of nutrient and protective elements with the blood stops and the transmission of the nerve impulse is disrupted, which immediately leads the affected parts of the body to tumor-like growths with their subsequent necrosis (necrosis). Dead tissue, and in our case, the mammary gland of a cat, is an excellent breeding ground for the development and reproduction of colonies of ciliated microbes in it, capable of forming spores in case of unfavorable factors for their vital activity. Reproducing and becoming sexually mature individuals, within 20 hours (approximately, in time, less than one day), cord-like microbes begin to immediately form living microbial bundles of various thicknesses and sizes. Covering a certain separate area of living tissue with a microbial “loop”, squeezing the affected parts of a living body – blood vessels and nerves, thereby slow down, and in some cases completely stop blood flow and nerve impulse. All these negative factors gradually lead to the extinction of the vital tone of muscle and nervous tissues, which inevitably leads to cell death and the growth of a dense tumor-like neoplasm. Malignant cancerous tumor of domestic animals does not arise from the previously voiced chemical theory of Justus von Liebig, but because of the presence of a living biological pathogen – ciliate rod-shaped formed bacteria – inside the living parts of the body. Staining according to the improved method of H. C. Gram with blue dye (methylene blue) instead of a violet dye gentian violet, and a red dye (safranin) instead of Pfeiffer's carbolic fuchsin, allowed under the optical immersion system of a light binocular microscope with a magnification of 1000 times, to see special cord-like, wriggling loop-shaped forms, consisting of a large number of rod-shaped microbes. They are able to create inseparable twisted chains and “loops” from their tiny microbial bodies, which gives grounds to assert their significant role in the occurrence of malignant cancerous neoplasms.

scholarly journals Thermal Characteristics of Breast Surface Temperature in Healthy Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Anna Lubkowska ◽  
Monika Chudecka
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Healthy Women

Thermography is widely used in the medical field, including in the detection of breast disorders. The aim of the research was to characterize the range of breast surface temperature values, taking into account the entire area of the mammary gland and, independently, the nipple, in healthy women. An additional aim was to assess the symmetry of the breast temperature distribution (using an IR camera) and the correlation of temperatures with the content of adipose tissue. Thermograms were made for the right and left breasts, each time delineating the area of the entire breast and a separate area of the nipple, chest, and abdomen. Analyzing the intergroup differences in temperature of selected body areas (Tmean), it was shown that, in all cases, they were significantly higher in younger women. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between breast and nipple temperatures in relation to the body sides. The highest temperatures within the mammary gland were recorded for the nipple area. The use of the high-resolution digital infrared thermal imaging method in early and screening preventive diagnoses of changes in the mammary gland requires individual interpretation of the results, taking into account the assessment of the physiological pattern of temperature distribution in both breasts.

CCM3 Loss-Induced Lymphatic Defect Is Mediated by the Augmented VEGFR3-ERK1/2 Signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingfeng Qin ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Busu Li ◽  
Quan Jiang ◽  
Francesc Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) can happen anywhere in the body, although they most commonly produce symptoms in the brain. The role of CCM genes in other vascular beds outside the brain and retina is not well-examined, although the 3 CCM-associated genes ( CCM1 , CCM2 , and CCM3 ) are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues. We aimed to determine the role of CCM gene in lymphatics. Approach and Results: Mice with an inducible pan–endothelial cell (EC) or lymphatic EC deletion of Ccm3 ( Pdcd10 ECKO or Pdcd10 LECKO ) exhibit dilated lymphatic capillaries and collecting vessels with abnormal valve structure. Morphological alterations were correlated with lymphatic dysfunction in Pdcd10 LECKO mice as determined by Evans blue dye and fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-dextran transport assays. Pdcd10 LECKO lymphatics had increased VEGFR3 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3)-ERK1/2 signaling with lymphatic hyperplasia. Mechanistic studies suggested that VEGFR3 is primarily regulated at a transcriptional level in Ccm3-deficient lymphatic ECs, in an NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)–dependent manner. CCM3 binds to importin alpha 2/KPNA2 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2), and a CCM3 deletion releases KPNA2 to activate NF-κB P65 by facilitating its nuclear translocation and P65-dependent VEGFR3 transcription. Moreover, increased VEGFR3 in lymphatic EC preferentially activates ERK1/2 signaling, which is critical for lymphatic EC proliferation. Importantly, inhibition of VEGFR3 or ERK1/2 rescued the lymphatic defects in structure and function. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that CCM3 deletion augments the VEGFR3-ERK1/2 signaling in lymphatic EC that drives lymphatic hyperplasia and malformation and warrant further investigation on the potential clinical relevance of lymphatic dysfunction in patients with CCM.

Puberty in the buffalo-cow

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. E. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Homosexuality ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Gland Development ◽  
Buffalo Cow

Thirty-five buffalo heifers were tested daily with fertile males to ascertain the age and live weight at first possible oestrus and conception. Patterns of sexual behaviour were recorded while rectal palpation was carried out to define the conditions of the ovaries and to diagnose pregnancies. The mammary gland development, as well as the intensity of lactation, were noted post partum.1. Pubertal matings were allowed with less certainty than adult matings. The signs of oestrus were intensified by the recurrence of heat and association with the male. Homosexuality was only observed in the first and second oestrus.2. The average age of first oestrus, first conception and first calving were 406, 647 and 963 days respectively. The body weight at first oestrus and first conception were 198 and 319 kg. respectively.3. The number of services/conception ranged from 1 to 7 with an average of 4·25. The number of silent heats/female ranged from 1 to 4 with an average of 1·65. The period elapsing from first oestrus to first conception ranged from 52 to 438 days. Before conception, there was a period of anoestrus which ranged from 115 to 314 days, this was probably due to weak oestrus symptoms.4. The live weights at 28, 84, 140, 196, 252 and 308 days were correlated with the age and live weight at first oestrus as well as the live weight at first conception.5. All the buffalo-cows except two which showed oestrus conceived. Fourteen animals calved normally while fourteen aborted after 131–318 days. The gestation period ranged from 312 to 321 days with an average of 316 days. The birth weight of young ranged from 33 to 40 kg. Seven animals were not lactating while seven gave 1–2 kg. of milk.6. Puberty phenomenon is a gradual phenomenon and is attained in steps: sexual desire, ovulation, oestrus, conception, pregnancy then lactation.

scholarly journals The disorderly body: considerations of The Book of Numbers, 19 and ritual impurity after contact with a corpse

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Sandra Junker
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The People ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Living Creature

This article deals with the idea of ritual bodily impurity after coming into contact with a corpse in the Hebrew Bible. The evanescence and impermanence of the human body testifies to the mortality of the human being. In that way, the human body symbolizes both life and death at the same time; both conditions are perceivable in it. In Judaism, the dead body is considered as ritually impure. Although, in this context it might be better to substitute the term ‘ritually damaged’ for ‘ritually impure’: ritual impurity does not refer to hygienic or moral impurity, but rather to an incapability of exercising—and living—religion. Ritual purity is considered as a prerequisite for the execution of ritual acts and obligations. The dead body depends on a sphere which causes the greatest uncertainty because it is not accessible for the living. According to Mary Douglas’s concepts, the dead body is considered ritually impure because it does not answer to the imagined order anymore, or rather because it cannot take part in this order anymore. This is impurity imagined as a kind of contagious illness, which is carried by the body. This article deals with the ritual of the red heifer in Numbers 19. Here we find the description of the preparation of a fluid that is to help clear the ritual impurity out of a living body after it has come into contact with a corpse. For the preparation of this fluid a living creature – a faultless red heifer – must be killed. According to the description, the people who are involved in the preparation of the fluid will be ritually impure until the end of the day. The ritual impurity acquired after coming into contact with a corpse continues as long as the ritual of the Red Heifer remains unexecuted, but at least for seven days. 

scholarly journals Effect of estrogens and their metabolites genotoxicity on the pathogenesis and progression of estrogen-dependent breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 909-919
Author(s):  
Ewa Sawicka ◽  
Arkadiusz Woźniak ◽  
Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska ◽  
Agnieszka Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mammary Gland Tissue ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Estradiol Metabolites ◽  
Genotoxic Action

Oncological diseases, due to the still increasing morbidity and mortality, are one of the main problems of modern medicine. Cancer of the mammary gland is the most common cancer among women around the world, and is the second cause of cancer deaths in this group, immediately after lung cancer. This kind of cancer belongs to an estrogen-dependent cancer, with proven associations with hormonal disorders in the body, occurring especially in the perimenopausal period and among women using hormone replacement therapy, as well as a result of the action of various xenobiotics that may interact with the estrogen receptor. Hormone steroids are widely used in medicine and their side effects are constantly discussed. The role of these compounds and their metabolites in maintaining hormonal balance is well understood, while many studies indicate the possible contribution of these steroids in the progression of the cancer process, especially in mammary gland tissue. Therefore, the genotoxic action of this group of compounds is still studied. Due to the limited number of scientific reports, the aim of this paper was to review and critically analyze data from the literature regarding the participation of estrogens (17β-estradiol) and their metabolites (2-methoxy estradiol, 4-hydroxy estradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone) in the induction of carcinogenesis in mammary gland, in particular concerning the genotoxic activity of 17β-estradiol metabolites.

MASTITIS AS A CAUSE OF CARDIOMYOPATHY DEVELOPMENT IN DOGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1417-1422
Author(s):  
D.I. Zayakina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Luteinizing Hormones ◽  
Apoptosis Process

Researchers in our country have established today that during the structuring period, the mammary gland begins to actively develop in bitches at the age of 4 to 6 months. This period naturally coincides with the beginning of ovarian function. And it is naturally controlled by follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone. The regulation of tissue homeostasis in the mammary gland is maintained by a balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The apoptosis process plays one of the most important roles in the growth and development of not only the body, but also cells. These include not only healthy cells, but also tumor cells. Approbation of improved diagnostics of various types of breast diseases in dogs, as well as the choice of a rational and less painful method of treatment in veterinary practice in the future will allow the prevention of diseases of mastopathy, which will radically reduce diseases of the reproductive system. An analysis of the works of foreign authors in veterinary medicine indicates a lack of research on this topic in hormonal control of the sexual cycle in dogs. Taking this into account, many scientists devote their research to morphological changes in the structure of the mammary gland, not only in dogs, but also in most domesticated carnivores. Such changes for the worse affect the effect of the use of hormonal drugs for contraception during sexual cycles. When collecting anamnesis, we paid attention to: the time of manifestation of the preliminary disease, the course of the disease, what factors could provoke this pathology. They also clarified the regularity of the leaks from the owners of the animals, paid attention to the possible presence of pseudolactations and the possible changes in the mammary gland during this period. Also, an important condition was the maintenance and proper feeding.

RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND FUNGICIDAL PREPARATIONS ON FORMATION BIOFILM OF MICROORGANISMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-458
Author(s):  
Ekaterina M. Lenchenko ◽  
◽  
Dmitriy V. Stepanov ◽  
Dmitriy A. Blumenkrants ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Frequency Occurrence ◽  
Pathological Material

The results of studies general patterns formation heterogeneous structure biofilms gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as yeast-like fungi Candida spp. are presented. Рrocesses intercellular communication of various systematic groups microorganisms has common morphological and functional patterns biofilm formation. Heteromorphic structures of biofilms united by the intercellular matrix have been revealed in natural, industrial, and clinical conditions, both in the body of mammals and birds, and in food products, devices and equipment, animal husbandry and food production technologies. Indication in a large number of microcolonies, as well as yeast and micellar phases in isolates from pathological material of animals, was a differential sign in local and systemic pathologies. Under the influence drugs on biofilms microorganisms, a direct correlation was established between morphometric and densitometric indicators, reflecting a decrease in the frequency occurrence clusters and optical density, respectively. Under the bacteriostatic effect of chemotherapeutic and disinfecting drugs, accumulations altered cells of spheroplastic type, capable forming stable and unstable L-forms, were revealed. For detection of viable microorganisms in a heterogeneous population microorganisms in vitro and in vivo, fluorescence microscopy and culture media with growth factors for the repair cell wall of L-forms bacteria are promising.

scholarly journals Seconds-resolved pharmacokinetic measurements of the chemotherapeutic irinotecan in situ in the living body

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (35) ◽  
pp. 8164-8170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Idili ◽  
Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás ◽  
Kyle L. Ploense ◽  
Andrew T. Csordas ◽  
Masayasu Kuwahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Living Body

The ability to measure drugs in the body rapidly and in real time would advance both our understanding of pharmacokinetics and our ability to optimally dose and deliver pharmacological therapies.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of 1,3-β-glucans from Dictyophora indusiata Using an Improved Fluorometric Assay

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Fu ◽  
Shang Lin ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Si-Yu Wei ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fluorometric Assay ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

In the present study, an improved fluorometric assay based on aniline blue dye for the specific, accurate, and rapid quantification of 1,3-β-glucans in edible mushrooms was developed and fully validated. Furthermore, the improved method was successfully applied for the quantitative evaluation of water soluble 1,3-β-glucans extracted from Dictyophora indusiata by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with response surface methodology. Results showed that the improved method exhibited high specificity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, and stability, as well as a wide calibration range of 10–600 µg/mL (R2 > 99.9%). The maximum extraction yields of water soluble 1,3-β-glucans (1.20%) and total polysaccharides (5.41%) were achieved at the optimized extraction parameters as follows: ultrasound amplitude (56%), ultrasound extraction time (15 min), and ratio of liquid to raw material (22 mL/g). The results suggest that the improved fluorometric assay has great potential to be used as a routine method for the quantitative evaluation of 1,3-β-glucans in edible mushrooms and that the UAE method is effective for the extraction of 1,3-β-glucans from edible mushrooms.

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