scholarly journals State, Trends and Problems of Socio-Economic Development of the Agrarian Sphere of the Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
А.И. Голубева ◽  
Ю.В. Шуматбаева ◽  
В.И. Дорохова ◽  
А.В. Коновалов ◽  
К.В. Павлов

Дана краткая характеристика двенадцати этапов реформирования аграрной сферы России за период с середины XVI века по настоящее время, отмечено, что всегда аграрные реформы проводились «сверху» без учёта мнения крестьян и в основном заключались в повышении изъятия их доходов без оказания существенной поддержки. Лишь реформы 1906 года (столыпинской) и периода 1965–1991 гг. были направлены на улучшение условий жизни работников сельского хозяйства: повышались цены на сельскохозяйственную продукцию, сельхозпредприятиям предоставлялась возможность получения льготного кредита, повышались доходы крестьян, укреплялась материально-техническая база сельхозорганизаций, обеспечивался рост производства сельскохозяйственной продукции. Аграрная реформа, начавшаяся с 1991 года, в связи с переходом к рыночным отношениям, основанным на свободе ценообразования, и самоустранением государства от выполнения функций управления сельским хозяйством, привела к резкому спаду производства сельхозпродукции, сокращению и субъектов аграрной сферы, и численности работников, неиспользованию большого количества сельскохозяйственных угодий по назначению. Данные проведённого нами анализа показателей социально-экономического развития сельских муниципальных районов Ярославской области свидетельствуют о деградации ресурсного потенциала и обезлюживанию большинства сельских территорий, что не способствует дальнейшему развитию аграрного сектора и росту объёмов производства сельскохозяйственной продукции в регионе, а уровень продовольственной независимости области по молоку и мясу на четверть меньше норматива. В последние годы отмечена положительная тенденция в модернизации животноводческих помещений крупными сельхозпредприятиями региона. Несмотря на это, авторы характеризуют сложившуюся ситуацию в регионе как негативную, требующую коренного изменения аграрной политики государства в части пространственного размещения производительных сил, поддержания доходности сельскохозяйственных предприятий и возобновления развития социальной сферы села. A brief description of the twelve stages of reform of the agrarian sphere of Russia for the period from the middle of the 16th century to the present is given, it is noted that always agrarian reforms were carried out "from above" without taking into account the opinion of peasants and mainly consisted in increasing the withdrawal of their income without providing significant support. Only the reforms of 1906 (Stolypin) and the period 1965–1991 were aimed at improving the living conditions of agricultural workers: prices for agricultural products were increased, agricultural enterprises were given the opportunity to receive a preferential loan, peasant incomes were increased, the material and technical base of agricultural organizations was strengthened, agricultural production was increased. The agrarian reform begun in 1991 due to the transition to market relations based on freedom of pricing and the self-removal of the state from performing the functions of agricultural management, led to a sharp decline in agricultural production, a reduction in both the subjects of the agrarian sphere and the number of workers, and the non-use of a large number of agricultural land by intended purpose. The data of our analysis of indicators of the socio-economic development of rural municipal areas of the Yaroslavl region indicate the degradation of resource potential and the depopulation of most rural territories, which does not contribute to the further development of the agricultural sector and the growth of agricultural production in the region, and the level of food independence of the region for milk and meat is a quarter less than the standard. In recent years, a positive trend has been noted in the modernization of livestock buildings by large agricultural enterprises in the region. Despite this, the authors characterize the current situation in the region as negative, requiring a radical change in the agrarian policy of the state in terms of spatial placement of productive forces, maintaining the profitability of agricultural enterprises and resuming the development of the social sphere of the village.

Author(s):  
Luis Flores ◽  
M. Craig Edwards

Economic development is an important phenomenon that can positively impact societal problems such as poverty, lack of education, and insufficient infrastructure, among other ills. In this regard, technological advances are essential to making better use of resources. The agricultural sector is no exception. With the passage of time, advances in agriculture have allowed processes to be optimized, improving production practices and minimizing risks, by using innovative technologies (Schenkel, Finley, & Chumney, 2012). For this reason, the adoption and use of approaches to protected agricultural production grew steadily in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico during the last century and until today. Such technology assisted significantly in the economic development of the region. This inquiry sought to understand factors and forces that augmented expansion of protected agriculture, especially regarding tomato production, and its advantages compared to traditional systems, as experienced by producers in Sinaloa. Understanding such a phenomenon may provide important implications for improving the economies of similar contexts in need of economic development where agriculture is a viable sector. Keywords: economic development; protected agriculture; Sinaloa tomato industry; technological innovation


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Baglan AIMURZINA ◽  
Mazken KAMENOVA ◽  
Ainura OMAROVA ◽  
Aldanysh NURUMOV ◽  
Galina PESTUNOVA ◽  
...  

This article notes that the main task of sustainable development of agricultural production in Kazakhstan is a special approach to its financial provision and financial regulation. Features of the circulation of funds in the organization of finance of agricultural enterprises which are a combination of relations with regard to the formation, distribution and use of funds, determine the search for the main sources of income of financial resources in the agricultural sector. The aim of the research is that one of the directions of sustainable development of agricultural production and adjustment of Kazakhstan's agrarian policy should be an investment development strategy based on the current situation in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. Transfer of agro industrial complex to the industrial-innovative way of development on the basis of strengthening of its material and technical base, growth of competitiveness of agricultural production assumes an increase in financing of the agro-industrial complex.


Author(s):  
R. Myniv ◽  
H. Mokrytska

Investing in agro-industrial enterprises ensures the competitiveness of agro-industrial formations through the use of innovations to improve their positions in both domestic and foreign markets; achieving economic and food security; improving the social infrastructure of the village translator. Investment activity is a determining factor in the effectiveness of the formation and use of investment potential of agricultural enterprises. The analysis of statistical data on the volume of investments in agricultural enterprises of Lviv region at the expense of district budgets in 2019–2020 indicates an increase in investment resources invested in Horodok, Zolochiv and Stryj districts. However, the total approved amount of investments in the region in 2020 (1913.0 thousand UAH) decreased by 2.3 times compared to the funded volume in 2019 (4394.9 thousand UAH), which indicates the unstable rate of investment activity of investments in agro-industrial enterprises in terms of districts of Lviv region. During 2016–2020, there is a positive trend to increase the share of investments in the agro-industrial complex of Lviv region from the budgets of all levels, which, given the leading role of the national agricultural sector, is quite natural. This figure will reach its maximum value in 2020, which is 15.3 more than in 2016, at the expense of the state budget and 1.6 times more – at the expense of the regional budget. During 2019 (52 enterprises) 2.5 times compared to 2016 (22 enterprises) increased the number of agricultural enterprises in Lviv region, which used the program of interest compensation on loans in the amount of 68.4 million UAH. at the expense of the regional budget, which is 3.1 times more than in 2016 (UAH 22.0 million). The program of compensation of interest on loans from the state budget in 2019 was used by 41 enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Lviv region, which is 3.2 shirts more than in 2016. However, funding decreased from UAH 334.1 million. in 2016 to UAH 173.8 million. in 2019. In 2019, UAH 11.5 million was financed for the implementation of business plans at the expense of soft loans of Lviv region. at the expense of the state budget and UAH 6.8 million. at the expense of the local budget. This allowed 34 businesses to purchase 14 units of agricultural machinery, plant 18.7 hectares of orchards and berries, purchase 24 heads of breeding animals, 21 formations to modernize technological processes and create an additional 30 jobs. Investments are an important guarantee of effective economic development of any enterprise, region, country. At the present stage, the main task is to take all possible measures to create an attractive investment climate and intensify investment processes at both the regional and national levels.


Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 312 (10) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Inna Bezhenar ◽  
Larisa Malik ◽  
Andrii Shvets

The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of integration processes in the development of entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector of the economy. Research methods. Using statistical and graphical methods, the state and trends of integration transformations of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine were assessed. Research results. The dynamics of changes in the number of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine during 2013-2019, their structure on the basis of legal status, scope and results of activities are analyzed and the relevant conclusions on the ways of development of integration processes in the agricultural sector are formed. The functioning of agrarian business entities of different sizes has been studied. The integration potential of small business entities in the agricultural sector has been identified. The dynamics of the main production indicators of small and micro enterprises is given, their share in the total volume of agricultural production is determined. Also, small forms of management due to integration and cooperative processes provide an opportunity to develop in rural areas, making financial contributions to local budgets, while large enterprises (agricultural holdings) usually have minimal impact on the development of rural economy and rural areas. The main segments of agricultural production (such as potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries) in which households play a key role are identified. Priority areas for the development of personal farms have been identified, in particular, through the creation of family farms and their association in cooperatives, etc. The information base of the study is the scientific achievements of leading domestic and foreign scientists, analytical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. On the basis of the obtained results the social and economic expediency of development of cooperative forms of management in the countryside and integration of small-scale agricultural producers is substantiated. Scientific novelty. It is proposed to turn personal peasant farms into family farms as components of integration formations in agrarian business. Practical significance. The state of business structures of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy is assessed and the prospects and advantages of the development of integration formations and cooperation in the sustainable development of rural areas are outlined. Tabl.: 8. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 20.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guzaliya Klychova ◽  
Alsu Zakirova ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Bulat Ziganshin ◽  
El'vira Salahutdinova

The monograph scientifically substantiates and formulates the conceptual provisions of the formation of a corporate mechanism for managing the socio-economic development of enterprises in the agricultural sector of the economy. Within the framework of the concept, the main directions of development of management consulting are defined; a mechanism for the formation and disclosure of information on the social responsibility of enterprises is developed; a system of control support for social activities is proposed. The book is intended for researchers, practicing accountants, managers of various levels, heads of agricultural enterprises, teachers, doctoral students, postgraduates and undergraduates, students of centers and advanced training courses.


Author(s):  
Ivan Mytsenko ◽  
◽  
Tetyana Reshytko ◽  

Theoretical and practical approaches to the formation of land market in Ukraine are considered in the article. The views of scientists and practitioners on the problem of creating land market are summarized. It has been proven that land market is vital for agriculture and rural residents. It allows using land as collateral for agricultural enterprises. It is a source of income for farmers and allows land to move to a more efficient owner. It is investigated that during the transformations in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, the state monopoly on land was abolished, agricultural enterprises were privatized, new market structures were created, that is preconditions were created for the introduction of market land turnover and formation of the secondary market of agricultural land. Today it is obvious that further regulation of land relations is needed to ensure effective development of newly created economic agricultural formations. The lack of a real market for agricultural land hinders their efficient distribution and restrains long-term investment in land and agriculture in general. The history of reforming land relations of foreign countries is analyzed and systematized. Peculiarities of land markets formation and organization of lease land relations in the countries of the world are shown. It is studied that the state regulation of the agricultural land market of the EU member states is aimed at preserving land, preventing excessive concentration or fragmentation of land, sale of land primarily to farmers who have experience in agricultural production and live in the area. The issue of the land market is especially acute for countries with economies in transition, including Ukraine. Of particular note is the lease of agricultural land, which is the main form of land relations in many countries. The need to apply positive foreign experience in creating a market for agricultural land in Ukraine is indicated.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Larysa Zhukova

The purpose of the article is a study of the theoretical and methodological aspects of ensuring the institutional status of the state under global challenges. Methodology. The scientific search for changes in the institutional status of the state has been carried out on the basis of classical, neoclassical and institutional methodology. On the basis of classical methodology, general theoretical approaches to discovering alternative options for ensuring the institutional status of the state in the economy have been clarified using the tools of dialectical analysis and synthesis. Structural and functional method based on systemic analysis has made it possible to formulate the author's vision about the contradictory impact of global challenges on the institutional status of the state. Institutional and neoclassical approaches have made it possible to analyze the factors of manifestation of the contradictory nature of the state in the economy. The results of the study have shown that, to date, there is still no effective institutional system in place in Ukraine that would ensure optimal use of economic potential and could form the basis of public consensus on strategic goals of socio-economic development. All this negates the effectiveness of measures to identify alternatives to the development of the institutional status of the state and to find ways to preserve national identity under globalization. The practical implication is to identify the priorities and directions of the state's regulatory capacity under growing socio-institutional gaps to maintain macroeconomic stability and an effective system to counteract destructive exogenous influences clearly. When choosing possible alternatives, the desire for economic efficiency and social justice of the society, ensuring sustainable development, which does not worsen the conditions and opportunities for future generations, should remain the leading idea of strengthening the institutional status of the state. Value/originality. During the research, it has been proved that one of the priority tasks of the state should be a radical change of the vector of socio-economic development and carrying out of urgent institutional reforms. In view of this, the fundamental ambiguity of global development paths requires the state to tackle the challenge of preserving and strengthening national subjectivity as a key condition for Ukraine's security and sustainable development. Connecting the tools and resources of innovative development to the problem can contribute to the long-term strengthening of national competitiveness and the strengthening of the institutional status of the state. The reliability of the work of all public institutes, the extension of technological freedom of economic entities and the safety of the functioning of the whole socio-economic system depend on the key position of the economic power of the state.


2018 ◽  

An objective analysis of the state of agriculture in Russia, as well as the main strategic directions of sustainable socio-economic development in the future.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
E. Erlygina ◽  
A. Vasilyeva

The agroindustrial sector plays a significant role in the Russia economy. The main condition for the stable functioning and development of the agroindustrial sector is the dynamic and effective development of investment activities. Problems of investment development of agriculture negatively affect the economic sphere of agricultural production. It is necessary to optimize the investment policy, which will contribute to the emergence of long-term investments in agriculture, ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the industry.


2018 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
O. Nikolyuk ◽  
A. Livinsky

The article analyzes the state of development of agrarian production in Ukraine. It is determined that the most difficult issues are the questions of adaptation of the domestic agricultural sector of the economy to the conditions and requirements of the European Union. The indexes, which characterize the development of the research potential of the industrial infrastructure of agrarian production, are analyzed. It is defined that in Ukraine the tendencies towards increasing the level of social and economic development of agrarian production continue to grow. However, they are growing not fast enough. They are also uneven in the type and component aspect. Such situation requires the implementation of a levelling regulatory effect.


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