scholarly journals STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

An objective analysis of the state of agriculture in Russia, as well as the main strategic directions of sustainable socio-economic development in the future.

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
А.И. Голубева ◽  
Ю.В. Шуматбаева ◽  
В.И. Дорохова ◽  
А.В. Коновалов ◽  
К.В. Павлов

Дана краткая характеристика двенадцати этапов реформирования аграрной сферы России за период с середины XVI века по настоящее время, отмечено, что всегда аграрные реформы проводились «сверху» без учёта мнения крестьян и в основном заключались в повышении изъятия их доходов без оказания существенной поддержки. Лишь реформы 1906 года (столыпинской) и периода 1965–1991 гг. были направлены на улучшение условий жизни работников сельского хозяйства: повышались цены на сельскохозяйственную продукцию, сельхозпредприятиям предоставлялась возможность получения льготного кредита, повышались доходы крестьян, укреплялась материально-техническая база сельхозорганизаций, обеспечивался рост производства сельскохозяйственной продукции. Аграрная реформа, начавшаяся с 1991 года, в связи с переходом к рыночным отношениям, основанным на свободе ценообразования, и самоустранением государства от выполнения функций управления сельским хозяйством, привела к резкому спаду производства сельхозпродукции, сокращению и субъектов аграрной сферы, и численности работников, неиспользованию большого количества сельскохозяйственных угодий по назначению. Данные проведённого нами анализа показателей социально-экономического развития сельских муниципальных районов Ярославской области свидетельствуют о деградации ресурсного потенциала и обезлюживанию большинства сельских территорий, что не способствует дальнейшему развитию аграрного сектора и росту объёмов производства сельскохозяйственной продукции в регионе, а уровень продовольственной независимости области по молоку и мясу на четверть меньше норматива. В последние годы отмечена положительная тенденция в модернизации животноводческих помещений крупными сельхозпредприятиями региона. Несмотря на это, авторы характеризуют сложившуюся ситуацию в регионе как негативную, требующую коренного изменения аграрной политики государства в части пространственного размещения производительных сил, поддержания доходности сельскохозяйственных предприятий и возобновления развития социальной сферы села. A brief description of the twelve stages of reform of the agrarian sphere of Russia for the period from the middle of the 16th century to the present is given, it is noted that always agrarian reforms were carried out "from above" without taking into account the opinion of peasants and mainly consisted in increasing the withdrawal of their income without providing significant support. Only the reforms of 1906 (Stolypin) and the period 1965–1991 were aimed at improving the living conditions of agricultural workers: prices for agricultural products were increased, agricultural enterprises were given the opportunity to receive a preferential loan, peasant incomes were increased, the material and technical base of agricultural organizations was strengthened, agricultural production was increased. The agrarian reform begun in 1991 due to the transition to market relations based on freedom of pricing and the self-removal of the state from performing the functions of agricultural management, led to a sharp decline in agricultural production, a reduction in both the subjects of the agrarian sphere and the number of workers, and the non-use of a large number of agricultural land by intended purpose. The data of our analysis of indicators of the socio-economic development of rural municipal areas of the Yaroslavl region indicate the degradation of resource potential and the depopulation of most rural territories, which does not contribute to the further development of the agricultural sector and the growth of agricultural production in the region, and the level of food independence of the region for milk and meat is a quarter less than the standard. In recent years, a positive trend has been noted in the modernization of livestock buildings by large agricultural enterprises in the region. Despite this, the authors characterize the current situation in the region as negative, requiring a radical change in the agrarian policy of the state in terms of spatial placement of productive forces, maintaining the profitability of agricultural enterprises and resuming the development of the social sphere of the village.


Author(s):  
Olga Lebedinska ◽  
◽  
Olga Maleki ◽  

Implementation of market transformations in the new era of Ukrainian statehood objectively requires the development of a qualitatively new model of economy, primarily focused on ensuring sustainable socio-economic development. At the same time, ensuring the sustainable development of any country should be based on sound environmental policy, which requires a certain level of environmental culture and education. At the same time, ecological culture acts as a special direction of human life, on which not only the natural existence of modern civilization, its sustainable development, but also the future of the next generations, depends significantly. Without a clear understanding of the whole range of environmental issues, one cannot understand why some ethnic groups live in harmony with nature while others leave behind ruins. Why in some cases human life creates harmonious landscapes and ecosystems and in other cases the environment becomes a desert? The authors set out to explore the theoretical and methodological principles of ecological rehabilitation of urban areas, to substantiate the phenomenon of ecological rehabilitation in the context of achieving Sustainable Development Goals, to determine the role and place of environmental education as an integral part of the struggle for environment and ecological rehabilitation. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that today in Ukraine the issues of ecological development of territories, preservation of the natural environment and ecological education of the local population are of special importance. The state leadership, executive bodies of all levels, local self-government bodies, public associations should, first of all, take care of the issues of preservation of the natural environment, rational use of national resources, rehabilitation of territories affected by human activities. Not only the current state of socio-economic development of the state, the health of the nation, but also the future of Ukrainian independence depends on how successfully these issues will be resolved. The practical purpose of the publication was to develop practical recommendations for increasing the role and place of local governments in the ecological rehabilitation of urban areas. Given the scientific and practical significance of the problem of environmental security of Ukraine at the present stage of state formation, it is planned to continue research on the problems of ecological rehabilitation of urban areas, primarily in the context of finding new mechanisms for public management of sustainable development of large cities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Lidia Mierzejewska ◽  
Jerzy Parysek

Abstract The complexity of the reality studied by geographical research requires applying such methods which allow describing the state of affairs and ongoing changes in the best possible way. This study aims to present a model of research on selected aspects of the dynamics and structure of socio-economic development. The idea was to determine whether we deal with the process of reducing or widening the differences in terms of individual features. The article primarily pursues a methodological goal, and to a lesser extent an empirical one. The methodological objective of the paper was to propose and verify a multi-aspect approach to the study of development processes. The analyses carried out reveal that in terms of the features taken into account in the set of 24 of the largest Polish cities the dominating processes are those increasing differences between cities, which are unfavourable in the context of the adopted development policies aiming at reducing the existing disparities. In relation to the methodological objective, the results of the conducted research confirm the rationale of the application of the measures of dynamics and the feature variance to determine the character (dynamics and structure) of the socio-economic development process of cities. Comparatively less effective, especially for interpretation, is the application of principal component analysis and a multivariate classification, which is mainly the result of differences in the variance of particular features.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
N. P. Molchanova

The paper deals with the methodology and practice of the state regulation of the regional economy based on the legislative framework and works of Russian scientists in the historical context with account for the specifics of the current period of market transformation. The subject of research is organizational and economic relations, aimed at improving the management efficiency of regional socio-economic development. The purpose of research was to identify the key problems of the regional economy regulation preventing the balanced functioning of administrative-territorial entities and substantiate the need to boost measures of state support. Based on the dialectical cognition method and the system approach, the positions of leading scientists and scientific schools on topical issues of the regional economy as a scientific discipline were analyzed, which made it possible to identify the main reasons hampering socio-economic transformations and justify measures for running a more active regional policy. It is concluded that consistent improvement of methodological and organizational approaches creates prerequisites for improving the results of the socio-economic development at the regional level; however, in the current situation of the macroeconomic instability serious problems may arise to be resolved primarily by the state regulation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
K. N. Yusupov ◽  
V. M. Timiryanova, ◽  
Iu. S. Toktamysheva ◽  
A. F. Zimin,

The article presents a methodology for assessing the impact of spatial environment on the socioeconomic development of municipalities. It relies on existing tools for assessing the state and potential of the geographical location of municipalities. An integrated approach allows to determine the potential of the interaction of the municipality with the neighbors of the first and second order. The methodology was tested on statistical data on the Blagovarsky municipal district.


Author(s):  
Svitlana Belei ◽  

The article considers the features and nature of changes in modern challenges in rural areas. Destabilizing trends of socio-economic development of rural areas have been identified. It is confirmed that despite the new opportunities for rural areas, strengthening the cohesion of rural communities, there are significant obstacles to their development, in particular, the state can not provide the necessary funds for projects or other measures to address social problems. Rural areas are significantly deprived of state support and financial and resource provision, and it is justified that in this aspect is very relevant fundraising activities, as it is focused on finding sources of funding for programs and projects of socio-economic development of rural areas. This encourages the development of fundraising in rural areas. The state of elaboration of problems of formation of financial and economic potential of territorial communities is defined, namely concerning use of fundraising activity as the innovative tool of formation of financial and economic potential of development of rural territories in the conditions of decentralization. The organizational and legal aspects of fundraising, factors of development of fundraising activity and influence of these factors on domestic realities are investigated; the characteristic features of fundraising in rural areas are determined, the priority directions of its development are revealed. Taking into account the peculiarities of rural areas, an algorithmic model of fundraising activities from the origin of ideas to the implementation and establishment of feedback from the donor has been developed. The methodological basis of the article is the fundamental provisions of economic theory, regional economy, inclusive development of rural, local finances and inter-budgetary relations. A set of both general scientific and special methods of economic research was used to solve the set tasks, which created a basis for a comprehensive analysis of the process of rural development on the basis of fundraising activities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
A. N. KRIVENKO ◽  

Tourism is considered a strategic direction for the economic development of the region. The role it plays in creating the image and reputation of the region also affects the fate of other sectors of the economy. The tourism industry is constantly growing and represents the main source of income now and in the future for many countries and territories with a tourism vocation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Liana E. Kabisova ◽  
◽  
Noemi A. Mardeyan ◽  
Zarina E. Tarkhanova ◽  
Batraz E. Bagaev ◽  
...  

The article identifies the key factors influencing the activity of the socio-economic development of the region. The dynamics of this factor is analyzed. The indicator is investigated for the sufficiency and validity of the application, as well as for the effectiveness and efficiency with the designation of the direction vector, forecast, assessment for the future use of this leverage, to improve the economic situation at the regional level.


Author(s):  
Myra J. Tait ◽  
Kiera L. Ladner

AbstractIn Canada, Treaty 1 First Nations brought a claim against the Crown for land debt owed to them since 1871. In 2004, Crown land in Winnipeg became available that, according to the terms of the settlement, should have been offered for purchase to Treaty 1 Nations. Similarly, in New Zealand, the Waikato-Tainui claim arose from historical Crown breaches of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi. In 1995, a settlement was reached to address the unjust Crown confiscation of Tainui lands. Despite being intended to facilitate the return of traditional territory, compensate for Crown breaches of historic treaties, and indirectly provide opportunity for economic development, in both cases, settlement was met with legal and political challenges. Using a comparative legal analysis, this paper examines how the state continues to use its law-making power to undermine socio-economic development of Indigenous communities in Canada and New Zealand, thereby thwarting opportunity for Indigenous self-determination.


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