scholarly journals KESEHATAN TENGGOROK PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR EBEN HAEZAR 1 MANADO DAN SEKOLAH DASAR GMIM BITUNG AMURANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kojongian
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Elementary Student ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Grade Student ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
5Th Grade

Abstract: Background: Upper respiratory tract infections include pharyngitis and tonsillitis. The highest prevalence of chronic tonsillitis after acute nasopharyngitis is equal to 3.8 %. In Indonesia, incidence of acute pharyngitis  is approximately 1.5 %  that include in the top 10 of outpatient cases. Aim: To obtain data of  throat health in Eben Haezar 1 Elementary Student Manado and GMIM Bitung Amurang Elementary Student of South Minahasa Regency. Methods: This is a descriptive observational study  to obtain data of  throat health in 5th C grade student in Eben Haezar 1 Elementary School Manado and entire of 5th grade student in GMIM Bitung Amurang Elementary School of South Minahasa Regency. Results: Total of 5th grade student in Eben Haezar 1 Elementary School Manado were  31 students. There was not found student with grade 4 of tonsil enlargement. The result showed that 29 students (93.5%) with smooth surface of the tonsil  and 2 students (6.6%) with rough surface of the tonsil. No abnormality found in pharynx surface. Total of 5th grade student in GMIM Bitung Amurang Elementary School were 18 students. There was found one student with grade 4 of the tonsil enlargement. The result showed that 14 students (77.8%) with smooth surface of the tonsil and 4 students (22.2%) with rough surface of the tonsil. Pharyngeal examination showed that 5 students (27.8%) with granules and 13 students (72,2%) with normal appearance. Conclusion: Disorders of throat are higher in GMIM Bitung Amurang Elementary School than Eben Haezar 1 Manado Elementary School. Key words: Throat, Elementary School Students, Pharynx Examination, Tonsil Examination.   Abstrak: Latar Belakang: Infeksi saluran nafas atas termasuk faringitis dan tonsillitis. Prevalensi tertinggi tonsillitis kronik setelah nasofaringitis akut yaitu sebesar 3,8 %. Di Indonesia dilaporkan bahwa kasus faringitis akut masuk dalam 10 besar kasus penyakit yang dirawat jalan dengan presentase jumlah penderita 1,5 %. Tujuan: Memperoleh status kesehatan tenggorok pada siswa SD Eben Haezar 1 Manado dan siswa SD GMIM Bitung Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional secara cross sectional untuk mendapatkan status kesehatan tenggorok pada seluruh siswa kelas 5c SD Eben Haezar 1 Manado dan seluruh siswa kelas 5 SD GMIM Bitung Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Hasil: Jumlah siswa kelas 5c di SD Eben Haezar 1 Manado berjumlah 31 orang. Pada pemeriksaan ukuran tonsil tidak didapatkan ada anak yang memiliki ukuran tonsil T4. Pemeriksaan berdasarkan permukaan tonsil, 29 siswa (93,5%) memiliki tonsil licin dan 2 orang (6,6%) memiliki tonsil kasar. hasil pemeriksaan berdasarkan gambaran faring, didapatkan semuanya normal. jumlah siswa kelas 5 di SD GMIM Bitung Amurang berjumlah 18 orang. hasil pemeriksaan ukuran tonsil didapatkan ada 1 orang siswa yang memiliki ukuran tonsil T4. Pemeriksaan berdasarkan permukaan tonsil, 14 siswa (77,8%) memiliki tonsil licin dan 4 orang (22,2%) memiliki tonsil kasar. hasil pemeriksaan berdasarkan gambaran faring, didapatkan 5 orang iswa (27,8%) yang faringnya terdapat granula dan 13 siswa lain gambaran faringnya, normal (72,2%). Kesimpulan: Temuan kelainan terkait kesehatan tenggorok lebih banyak terdapat di SD GMIM Bitung Amurang. Kata Kunci: Tenggorok, Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Pemeriksaan Faring, Pemeriksaan Tonsil

scholarly journals Dietary diversities score and anthropometric characteristics in Iranian elementary school children

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Jafari ◽  
Anahita Izadi ◽  
Paniz Dehghan ◽  
Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Elementary Student ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Dietary diversity scoring is a good method to assess quality of individual's diet. The study aimed to investigate the association between dietary diversity and body mass index among elementary school students in the south of Tehran, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on elementary school students, age range of 7-12 years old, in 2015. Data were collected using a personal information questionnaire and three 24-h recall questionnaires. Dietary diversity score was calculated from the number of food groups in these questionnaires. A total of 536 students, 258 (48.1%) female and 278 (51.9%) male, were recruited in the study. The mean age of the students was 9.43 ± 1.73 years. Seafood consumption was more frequent and beans was lower frequent in students at higher BMI (≥95th percentile) than the other children (34% vs 25% and 71% vs 83%, respectively, p<0.05). However, the statistical analysis failed to find significant relationships between children’s body mass index (BMI) with consumption of diary, vegetable, fruits, protein, fat, and junk food intake. The association between children's BMI with seafood and beans consumption confirmed in multivariate analysis (OR= 1.50 and 0.52, respectively, p<0.05). The study finding showed that seafood and beans consumption may influence on elementary student BMI.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Cerita Rakyat Berbasis Komik Untuk Penanaman Kemampuan Literasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Rejang Lebong

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-222
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yuda Anggara
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Literacy Skill ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Elementary Student ◽  
Grade Student ◽  
Teacher Interview ◽  
Draft Model ◽  
5Th Grade ◽  
Method R

This research aimed to develop folklord teaching material based on comic and the effectifness in instilling elementary student literacy skill on Rejang Lebong. The research used research and development method (R&D). The subject on this research were the 5th grade student of elementary school number 85 on Rejang Lebong as control class, the 5th grade student of Al Latif Unggulan Aisyiyah on Rejang Lebong as first class experiment and the 5th grade student of elementary school number 10 on Rejamg Lebong as second experiment class. Based on result of this research and the explanation. In conclution that (1) the development of teaching material began with preliminary study through student and teacher interview. Then the interview result were adjusted to the theory and the observation become a draft model that would be validated by experts. Revised draft model would be tested in small scale and large scale.AFter that the final test product would be conducted by pretest and postest technique and the gain score would be analized. (2) folklore teaching material based on comic was effective to instill student literacy. g-score of the experiment class has  0.63 for kognitif aspect and 0.57 for psikomor aspect, while the g-score in control class has 0.16 for kognitif and psikomotor aspect.

scholarly journals Non-prescription dispensing of antibiotic agents among community drug retail outlets in Sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sewunet Admasu Belachew ◽  
Lisa Hall ◽  
Linda A. Selvey
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Ssa Countries

Abstract Background The development of antimicrobial resistance, which is partially attributable to the overuse and/or misuse of antibiotics in health care, is one of the greatest global public health challenges. In Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, non-prescribed dispensing of antibiotics in community drug retail outlets (CDROs) has been flagged as one of the contributing factors for the widespread misuse of antibiotics in the community. Objective The current review aimed to estimate the proportion of non-prescription antibiotics requests or consultations that resulted in provision of antibiotics without a valid prescription among CDROs in SSA region, and describe the type of antibiotics dispensed. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Google Scholar. We also searched reference lists of relevant articles. Random effect model meta-analysis was employed to determine the pooled proportion of over the counter sale of antibiotics. Subgroup and meta-regression was undertaken to explore the potential cause of heterogeneity in effect size across studies. Results Of 671 total citations retrieved, 23 met the inclusion criteria (seven cross-sectional questionnaire-based surveys and 16 cross-sectional client-based studies). The overall pooled proportion of non-prescription antibiotics requests or consultations that resulted in supply of antibiotics without prescription was 69% (95% CI 58–80). Upper respiratory tract infections and/or acute diarrhoea were the most frequently presented case scenarios, and amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole were the most frequently dispensed antibiotics to treat those symptoms. Conclusions Non-prescribed dispensing of antibiotics was found to be a common practice among CDROs in several SSA countries. Ease of access to and overuse of antibiotics can potentially accelerate the emergence of resistance to antibiotics available in the region. Our review highlights the need for a stringent enforcement of existing policies and/or enacting new regulatory frameworks that would regulate antibiotic supply, and training and educational support for pharmacy personnel (e.g. pharmacists, pharmacy assistants) regarding judicious use of antibiotics and the importance of antimicrobial stewardship.

scholarly journals Peningkatan kemampuan berhitung dengan metode jarimatika di Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) Neonbat Nusa Tenggara Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Cecilia Novianti Salsinha ◽  
Eva Binsasi ◽  
Elinora Naikteas Bano
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Basic Ability ◽  
5Th Grade

[Bahasa]: Salah satu metode pembelajaran yang cocok digunakan untuk operasi perkalian adalah metode jarimatika. Metode ini diberikan kepada siswa SD di Kefamenanu mengingat berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Kefamenanu telah memiliki empat perguruan tinggi namun masih banyak siswa yang belum memiliki kemampuan berhitung cepat. Kelebihan metode jarimatika adalah tidak memerlukan alat peraga dan hafalan karena perhitungan dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan jari tangan sehingga diharapkan operasi hitung perkalian dapat lebih mudah dipahami, menyenangkan, dan tidak membebani memori otak siswa. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung siswa sekolah dasar. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di SDN Neonbat Kefamenanu, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) dengan subyek pengabdian seluruh siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 60 orang. Pengabdian dilaksanakan dalam bentuk workshop yang dibagi menjadi 2 hari. Pelaksanaan hari pertama fokus pada review kemampuan dasar siswa yang meliputi perkalian 1-5 dan dilanjutkan dengan perkenalan teknik berhitung cepat dengan jarimatika untuk perkalian 6-10 dan 11-15. Pengabdian dilanjutkan pada hari kedua yaitu review materi pada hari sebelumnya dan penyampaian teknik berhitung cepat untuk kelompok 16-20 yang diakhiri dengan pemberian latihan. Kegiatan pengabdian tidak hanya berhenti pada workshop tetapi dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan terhadap siswa yang dipilih sebanyak 20 orang. Kegiatan pendampingan ini memberikan dampak positif terhadap hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan nilai rata-rata pada pre-testsebesar 55,84 dan pada post test sebesar 75. Kata Kunci: berhitung cepat; metode jarimatika; perkalian; sekolah dasar [English]: One of the appropriate methods to learn multiplication is Jarimatika. It was given to elementary school students in Kefamenanu which, based on data from statistical central agency (BPS), has four colleges but there are still many students who do not have rapid counting skills. The advantage of this method is not requiring learning tools and memorization because calculations are done by utilizing the fingers so that the expected counting operation of multiplication can be more easily understood, enjoyable, and does not overload students’ memory. The purpose of this community service program was to improve the counting skills of elementary school students. It was held at SDN Neonbat Kefamenanu, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) involving 60 5th-grade students. The program was carried out in two-day workshop. The first day focused on the review of students ' basic ability which includes multiplication 1-5 and continued with the introduction of quick counting techniques with Jarimatika for multiplication 6-10 and 11-15. The second day was to review the previous day and introduce the rapid counting technique for multiplication 16-20. This program did not only end with the workshop but also continued with the assistance of 20 selected students. This assistance provided a positive impact on the results students get which can be seen from the increasing average score: 55,84 in the pre-test then increased to 75 in the post-test. Keywords: fast counting; jarimatika method; multiplication; elementary school

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Prescription Practice on Antimicrobials Use Among Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110599
Author(s):  
Rixiang Xu ◽  
Tingyu Mu ◽  
Wang Jian ◽  
Caiming Xu ◽  
Jing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Practices ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Prescription Practice

Over-prescription of antimicrobials for patients is a major driver of bacterial resistance. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and prescription practices regarding antimicrobials among physicians in the Zhejiang province in China, and identify the determining factors. A total of 600 physicians in public county hospitals and township health institutions were surveyed cross-sectionally using a structured electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 580 physicians and the response rate was 96.67%. The mean score of 11 terms related to antimicrobial knowledge was 6.81, and an average of 32.1% of patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) were prescribed antimicrobials. Multivariate analysis indicated that young general practitioners with less training are more likely to contribute to more frequent antimicrobial prescriptions ( P < .05). In contrast, older physicians with more training are more willing to provide patients with the correct knowledge regarding antimicrobials and less likely to prescribe antimicrobials for URTIs. Correlation analysis showed that the level of physician's knowledge, attitude, and prescription practice is related ( P < .05). In conclusion, proper prescription of antimicrobials depends on adequate knowledge and regular training programs for physicians.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE, INTENSITY AND RISK FACTORS OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS INFECTIONS AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NGIS VILLAGE, KARANGASEM DISTRICT, BALI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sang Ayu Arta Suryantari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths

Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infections is one of health issues in Indonesia that has environment and social basis. It is classified as neglected disease. The Indonesian government already has eradication program, but it is not supported by evaluation and monitoring program. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and relation of each risk factors related to STH infections in elementary school in Ngis village, Karangasem regency, Bali. The study was done by analytical description using cross sectional study. Samples were selected from population based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary data about suspected risk factors were collected using questionnaire. Diagnosis was established using Kato-Katz modification method. Data was analyzed using chi-square with confidence interval 95% or p value ≤0.05 categorized as significant. 138 students enrolled in this study, the median age is 9 (6-13) years. The prevalence of STH infections is 10.1% with 78.6% is single infection of Trichuris trichiura and 21.4% mixed infections. The proportion of STH infections in males is higher than female but it is statistically insignificant. STH infections have significant relationship with some risk factors such as not washing hand after defecation, not washing hand after playing with soil, barefoot, not cutting nails and consuming anti-helminthic routinely. The highest risk factor of STH infections in Ngis village is not having available and proper latrine. (OR=33.9; 95%CI=5.749-199.769). The prevalence of STH infection is quite high with mild to moderate intensity and risk factors namely low hygiene and limited latrines. The implementation of monitoring and evaluation can be an effort to control risk factors and stop the STH transmission chain.

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