scholarly journals Hubungan Konsumsi Makanan Manis sebagai Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas pada Anak di 9 Sekolah Dasar Kota Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pearensia E. P. Hidayat ◽  
Theresia M. D. Kaunang ◽  
Anita E. Dundu
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Adhd Children

Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood and can be associated with sweetened food consumption. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD children and the association between sweetened food consumption and children in nine elementary schools in Manado. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were students of elementary schools that represented nine districts in Manado and were randomly selected using the multi-stage random sampling technique. The results showed that there wre 20.1% of elementary school students in Manado that had ADHD. Statistical analysis obtained a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) and OR(CI 95%) = 23.61 (OR>1). In conclusion, the prevalence of ADHD children in Manado was still high and there was a positive correlation between sweetened food consumption as a risk factor of children with ADHD in elementary schools in Manado.Keywords: ADHD, sweetened food consumption, elementary school student Abstrak: Gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH) adalah salah satu gangguan psikiatri anak yang paling sering dan dihubungkan dengan konsumsi makanan manis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi GPPH pada anak dan hubungan konsumsi makanan manis sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya GPPH pada anak di sembilan sekolah dasar di Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel yang digunakan ialah siswa Sekolah Dasar yang mewakili sembilan Kecamatan di Kota Manado yang dipilih secara acak dengan teknik multi stage random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji asosiasi Fisher Exact. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 20,1% anak Sekolah Dasar di Kota Manado menyandang GPPH. Hasil analisis data mendapatkan nilai p=0,000 (<0,05) dan OR=23,61 (OR>1). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah angka kejadian GPPH di Manado cukup tinggi dan terdapat hubungan positif antara seringnya mengonsumsi makanan manis sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya GPPH pada anak.Kata kunci: GPPH, makanan manis, anak sekolah dasar

scholarly journals Hubungan Konsumsi Makanan Manis sebagai Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas pada Anak di 9 Sekolah Dasar Kota Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pearensia E. P. Hidayat ◽  
Theresia M. D. Kaunang ◽  
Anita E. Dundu
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Adhd Children

Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood and can be associated with sweetened food consumption. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD children and the association between sweetened food consumption and children in nine elementary schools in Manado. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were students of elementary schools that represented nine districts in Manado and were randomly selected using the multi-stage random sampling technique. The results showed that there wre 20.1% of elementary school students in Manado that had ADHD. Statistical analysis obtained a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) and OR(CI 95%) = 23.61 (OR>1). In conclusion, the prevalence of ADHD children in Manado was still high and there was a positive correlation between sweetened food consumption as a risk factor of children with ADHD in elementary schools in Manado.Keywords: ADHD, sweetened food consumption, elementary school student Abstrak: Gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH) adalah salah satu gangguan psikiatri anak yang paling sering dan dihubungkan dengan konsumsi makanan manis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi GPPH pada anak dan hubungan konsumsi makanan manis sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya GPPH pada anak di sembilan sekolah dasar di Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel yang digunakan ialah siswa Sekolah Dasar yang mewakili sembilan Kecamatan di Kota Manado yang dipilih secara acak dengan teknik multi stage random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji asosiasi Fisher Exact. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 20,1% anak Sekolah Dasar di Kota Manado menyandang GPPH. Hasil analisis data mendapatkan nilai p=0,000 (<0,05) dan OR=23,61 (OR>1). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah angka kejadian GPPH di Manado cukup tinggi dan terdapat hubungan positif antara seringnya mengonsumsi makanan manis sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya GPPH pada anak.Kata kunci: GPPH, makanan manis, anak sekolah dasar

KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO STUDENTS READINESS TO FACE MENARCHE AT SDN KALIURIP PURWOREJO

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Aldila Diah Rumiyandini ◽  
Zakiyatul Faizah ◽  
Irwanto Irwanto
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Data Collection Technique

 AbstractIntroduction : Menarche is the first occurrence of menstruation in the female. The more developing times, the age of menarche is getting earlier. Currently, the average teenage girls have menarche at 11 years old. With psychologically and emotionally unstable and insufficient knowledge of elementary school students, teenage girls are required to be ready for having menarche. Therefore, the readiness in facing menarche is essential to be studied to measure self-readiness if menarche suddenly comes to elementary school students. Furthermore, the knowledge factor, especially about menarche, is important to be conducted a measurement to find out whether there is a relation with readiness in facing menarche in students. Method: This study used an observational analytics method with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples was 53 students, and the sampling technique used the total sampling. The independent variable is knowledge, and the dependent variable is the readiness in facing menarche. This study was conducted on 4th-grade and 5th-grade students in SDN (State Elementary School) Kalurip Purworejo. The data collection technique of the study was conducted online using questionnaires, which were distributed in personal chat to the students and the students' guardians through the Google Form link. The data analysis used the chi-square test. Results: The results of the study show that students' knowledge is in the lack category (52.8%), and students are in the not ready category (62.3%) in facing menarche. The results of the chi-square test show the p-value of 0.000001 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge and readiness in facing menarche. The less knowledge the more unprepared it is in facing menarche. 

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF MALNUTRITION, WORM INFECTION, PARENTS, INCOME AND KNOWLEDGE ON ANEMIA PREVALENCE AMONG 6-9 YEAR OLD STUDENTS OF LILIBA INPRES ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Marni Tangkelangi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
National Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Anemia in school–age children will not only cause harm to health but also will have impact on students learning achievement. Thus, anemic children will indirectly affect the national development. The aim of this study is to observe the correlation between malnutrition, worm infection, parents income and knowledge on anemia prevalence among 6–9 years old children. The method of this research was a cross sectional study with a simple random sampling technique, consisted of 222 participants from Liliba Inpres Elementary School. This study was done by measuring children Body Mass Indeks (BMI) ––age to measure the z score and compare to WHO Children growth standard, by using microscope examination with direct method for identifying helminthiasis, by using questionaries to measure the parent knowledge and parent income and also by measuring haemoglobin values using POCT Device. The results showed that there are correlations between malnutrition and worm infection on anemia prevalence (p value 0.000). However, there are no correlations between parent’s knowledge (p value 0.469) and parent’s income on anemia prevalence among 6–9 years old children on Liliba Inpres Elementary School (p value 0.606). In conclusion, these findings confirm that malnutrition and worm infection was correlated with anemia prevalence on Liliba Inpres Elementary School Students so that they are advised to manage their nutritional intake and to practice personal hygiene.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Status Kebersihan Mulut dengan Karies Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Manado

e-GIGI ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia E. Wowor
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual

Masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut terbesar yang umum dihadapi yaitu karies. Karies merupakan penyakit universal yang dapat terjadi pada semua usia, ras, sosial-ekonomi dan jenis kelamin. Salah satu faktor penting penyebab terjadinya karies yaitu kurangnya menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut.Nilai kebersihan gigi dan mulut penting untuk diketahui tiap individu, hal tersebut berperan dalam upaya pencegahan terhadap terjadinya karies.Status kebersihan mulut dan karies dinilai dengan menggunakan indeks OHI-S dan DMF-T menurut WHO.Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dan dilakukan pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Manado kelas X yang pada umumnya merupakan kelompok remaja umur 14-15 tahun dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 83 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportional random sampling. Hasil penelitian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan program SPSS 20.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan indeks OHI-S rata-rata sebesar 1,6 dalam kategori WHO termasuk sedang dan DMF-T rata-rata sebesar 4,6 dalam kategori WHO termasuk tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil uji chi-square menggunakan program SPSS 20 didapatkan p value 0,117 (p>0,005).Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut termasuk kategori sedang dan status karies termasuk kategori tinggi dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan karies siswa SMA Negeri 1 Manado.Kata kunci:Kebersihan gigi dan mulut, KariesABSTRACTOral health problems most commonly faced by caries. Caries is a universal disease that can occur at any age, ethnic, socio-economic and gender. One important factor is the lack of cause of caries and oral hygiene. Value of oral hygiene is important to know the individual, it contributes to the prevention of caries. Oral hygiene and caries status was assessed by using an index OHI-S and DMF-T according to the WHO.This is a descriptive analytic study using cross-sectional approach and performed in high school students of class X in SMA Negeri 1 Manado which is generally a group of adolescents aged 14-15 years with a total sample of 83 students. Sampling technique using proportional random sampling. The results were analyzed using univariate and bivariate using SPSS 20.The results showed OHI-S index by an average of 1.6 in the WHO category includes medium and DMF-T by an average of 4.6 in the high category, including WHO. Based on the results of the chi-square test using SPSS 20 obtained p value 0.117 (p>0.005). Based on these results, we can conclude the status of oral hygiene including medium category and caries status were high and there was no significant association between oral hygiene status with caries students of SMA Negeri 1 Manado.Keywords :Oral hygiene, Caries

Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Ibu Dengan Keputusan Waktu Penyapihan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Desmariyenti Desmariyenti ◽  
Nelfi Sarlis ◽  
Rima Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>Good weaning time is done at the age of the child reaches 2 years. Weaning at less</em><em> </em><em>than 2 years of age can cause problems in children such as incidence of infectious diseases, especially increased diarrhea, nutritional effects that lead to malnutrition in children and cause the relationship of children and mothers is reduced </em><em>closeness </em><em>because bounding attachment process is disrupted. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge  and  attitude  of  the  mother  with  the  decision  of  weaning  time  in</em><em> </em><em>Tangkerang Timur Work Area Puskesmas Tenayan Raya. This research was conducted in </em><em>Mei</em><em>-</em><em>J</em><em>uni 2017 and this research using research type is quantitative data with research design  using  cross  sectional.  Sampling  technique  using  Stratified  random  sampling, population in this study amounted to 368 people and samples 18</em><em>4</em><em> p</em><em>e</em><em>ople in East Tangkerang Village. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate. The result of this research is can be concluded that there is significant relation between knowledge with time weaning (p-value 0,000 &lt;0,05), there is significant relation between attitude with time weaning (p-value 0,000 &lt;0,05). Mothers exclusively breastfeed to their babies until 6 months of age and and continue with breastfeeding until 24 months of age.</em><em></em></p><p> </p><p>Waktu penyapihan yang baik dilakukan pada usia anak mencapai 2 tahun. Penyapihan yang dilakukan pada usia kurang dari 2 tahun dapat menyebabkan masalah pada anak seperti insiden penyakit infeksi terutama diare meningkat, pengaruh gizi yang mengakibatkan malnutrisi  pada  anak  dan  menyebabkan  hubungan  anak  dan  ibu  berkurang  keeratannya karena proses bounding attachment terganggu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dengan keputusan waktu penyapihan di Keluraan Tangkerang Timur Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tenayan Raya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni tahum 2017 dan penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian adalah data kuantitatif dengan  desain penelitian menggunakan  cross sectional. Teknik sampling menggunakan Stratified random sampling, Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 368 orang dan sampel 184 orang di Kelurahan Tangkerang Timur. Analisa yang diunakan adalah univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan waktu penyapihan (p-value 0,000&lt; 0,05), ada   hubungan   bermakna   antara   sikap   dengan   waktu   penyapihan   (p-value   0,000   &lt;0,05). Diharapkan ibu memberikan ASI eksklusif pada bayinya sampai usia 6 bulan dan dan dilanjutkan dengan MPASI sampai usia 24 bulan.</p>

scholarly journals Adherence Improvement of Five Moments Hand Hygiene with Increasing Motivation of Nurses

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Menik Kustriyani ◽  
Ivana Probo Kaeksi ◽  
Tamrin Tamrin
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Joint Commission International ◽  
R Value ◽  
Spearman Test

Joint Commission International ( JCI ) required the achievement of 100% five moment hand hygiene for the nurses who have provided care to patients. The adherence of five moments hand hygiene has been done to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. The adherence of five moments hand hygiene has been determined by inside and outside factors, and one of the inside factors is the motivation. The research is a qualitative research with cross sectional approach. The number of sample is 153 nurses with the proportionate random sampling technique at the Public Hospital of Loekmono Hadi Kudus. The research instruments used the questionaire and observation sheet. The research showed the result of Rank Spearman test p value = 0,000 with r value = 0.296, positive correlation means that the higher the nurse motivation, the higher the nurse aderence of five moment hand hygiene.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN BUDAYA SEKOLAH, KOMUNIKASI, DAN KOMITMEN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Suriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
School Culture ◽  
Elementary School Teachers ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan: budaya sekolah dengan kinerja guru; komunikasi dengan kinerja guru; budaya sekolah dengan komitmen; komunikasi dengan komitmen, komitmen dengan kinerja guru; budaya sekolah dengan kinerja melalui komitmen; komunikasi dengan kinerja guru melalui komitmen. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 250 orang guru di 100 Sekolah yang dipilih secara stratified proporsional random sampling dari populasi sebesar 2.276 orang guru yang tersebar di 274 SD Negeri di Kota Banjarmasin. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Data penelitian dianalisis secara deskriftip dan analisi jalur. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa budaya sekolah memiliki hubungan dengan kinerja, komunikasi memiliki hubungan dengan kinerja, budaya sekolah memiliki hubungan dengan komitmen, komunikasi memiliki hubungan dengan komitmen, komitmen memiliki hubungan dengan kinerja guru, komitmen merupakan perantara hubugan budaya sekolah dengan kinerja guru dan hubungan komunikasi dengan kinerja guru. Kata Kunci: budaya sekolah, komunikasi, komitmen, kinerja THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL CULTURE, COMMUNICATION, AND COMMITMENT AND THE STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE Abstract: This study was aimed to describe the relationship between: school culture and tea- chers’ performance; communication and teachers’ commitment; school culture and commitment; communication and commitment; commitment and teachers’ performance; school culture and performance through commitment; communication and teachers’ performance through commitment. The sample consisting of 250 teachers from 100 schools was selected using the stratified proportional random sampling technique from a population of 2,276 teachers teaching in 274 state elementary schools in Banjarmasin Municipality. The data were collected using an instrument which had been validated and which was reliable. The data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis and the path analysis. The findings showed that there was relationship between: school culture and teachers’ performance, communication and performance, school culture and commitment, communication and commitment, commitment and teachers’ performance. Commitment became an intervening variable between school culture and teachers’ performance and between communication and teachers’ performance. Keywords: school culture, communication, commitment, performance

scholarly journals PREVALENCE, INTENSITY AND RISK FACTORS OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS INFECTIONS AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NGIS VILLAGE, KARANGASEM DISTRICT, BALI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sang Ayu Arta Suryantari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths

Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infections is one of health issues in Indonesia that has environment and social basis. It is classified as neglected disease. The Indonesian government already has eradication program, but it is not supported by evaluation and monitoring program. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and relation of each risk factors related to STH infections in elementary school in Ngis village, Karangasem regency, Bali. The study was done by analytical description using cross sectional study. Samples were selected from population based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary data about suspected risk factors were collected using questionnaire. Diagnosis was established using Kato-Katz modification method. Data was analyzed using chi-square with confidence interval 95% or p value ≤0.05 categorized as significant. 138 students enrolled in this study, the median age is 9 (6-13) years. The prevalence of STH infections is 10.1% with 78.6% is single infection of Trichuris trichiura and 21.4% mixed infections. The proportion of STH infections in males is higher than female but it is statistically insignificant. STH infections have significant relationship with some risk factors such as not washing hand after defecation, not washing hand after playing with soil, barefoot, not cutting nails and consuming anti-helminthic routinely. The highest risk factor of STH infections in Ngis village is not having available and proper latrine. (OR=33.9; 95%CI=5.749-199.769). The prevalence of STH infection is quite high with mild to moderate intensity and risk factors namely low hygiene and limited latrines. The implementation of monitoring and evaluation can be an effort to control risk factors and stop the STH transmission chain.

scholarly journals PERILAKU MENCUCI TANGAN DAN KEJADIAN KECACINGAN PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KECAMATAN PETANAHAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Muthoharoh ◽  
Djauhar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hakimi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worm Infestation

Children are the nation’s investment. The future quality of a nation is determined in the children’s current quality. The prevalence of worm infestation in Indonesia is quite high between 60-80% and especially attacks on elementary school children. A long term worm infestation can reduce health that impairs the ability to learn. Risk factors of worm disease include poor environmental sanitation, education level, socio-economic conditions, and health habits such as bowel movement in any places, lack of awareness in hand washing, no footwear as well as geographical conditions.Objective: To know the relationship of hand washing behavior with the incidence of worm on elementary school students in Petanahan Sub-District Kebumen District.The research was observational analytic with a cross sectional design. Sampling was done with a two-level clustering method. The sample size was 213 elementary school students in Grades 3, 4, and 5 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was collected using a questionnaire and the results of laboratory tests. Hypothesis testing used chi-square with p <0.05 and 95% Confidence Interval. Data analysis used univariable, bivariable, and multivariable.There was a relationship between worm infestation and hand washing behavior seen from the results that the students who did not wash their hands and were positive with worm infestation were 66 students or 59.46%, while the students that performed hand washing and were negative with worm infestation were 72 students or 70.59%. Statistical test result was significant seen from the p value of 0.0001 and the prevalence ratio of 2.02 (95% CI 1.44 to 2.83).Hand washing behavior on elementary school students of Petanahan District, Kebumen, showed that 52.11% of the students did not wash their hands. There was a relationship between hand washing and worm infestation on elementary school students of Petanahan Sub-District, Kebumen District. Keywords: hand washing behavior, the incidence of worm infestation

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN LIVING IN URBAN AREA OF SINDH PAKISTAN

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal Qureshi ◽  
Aneeta Rathore ◽  
Nandlal Seerani ◽  
Sumera Qureshi ◽  
Bisharat Faisal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Of School ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Children's health is very important for their better learning and timely nourishment everywhere in the world. Malnutrition among school going children has remained a big challenge in under developed countries. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 children of four Government Primary schools of Qasimabad, district Hyderabad after taking the proper consent and administration approval from the head of school. Multi stage simple random sampling technique was adopted. Study was approved from Institutional review board of Health Services Academy Islamabad. Results: Out of total, 217 (51.4%) were boys and 205 (48.6%) were girls. Mean Height of boys and girls were 128.09 cm (±SD 12.90) and 130.36 cm (±SD 12.50) respectively. Mean Weight of boys was 25.27 Kgs (±SD 6.17) while in girls mean Weight was 26.83 Kgs (±SD 7.03). 17.57 cm (±SD 2.34) was mean MUAC for all participants and mean BMI was 15.42 (±SD 2.02). Prevalent of stunting and wasting were 24.4% and 18.3% respectively. While in 13.7% thinness (BMI for age) was seen. Stunting was statistically significant in girls 9-10 year (p value=.015, CI: .118-.823, OR=.311) and 11-≥12 years (p value=.018, CI: .215-.874, OR=.434). Pallor was more in girls (17%) and Dental caries were higher in boys (20.8%). Insufficient breakfast was done by 347 (82.2%), whereas 75 (17.8%) were doing sufficient breakfast. 341 (80.8%) students became ill during last year, out of that 80 (19%) were having history of hospitalization. Conclusion: Poor polices and lack of food aid interventions regarding health of primary school going children was assessed during this study.

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