scholarly journals Krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin sama efektifnya dengan krim hidrokuinon pada kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) betina yang dipapar sinar UVB

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva R. Siahaan ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila ◽  
A A G P Wiraguna
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

Abstract: As the outer organ of the body, skin becomes the main target of environmental influences, particularly the UVB rays. Based on analysis of phytochemicals, red pomegranate peel extract contains antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and vitamin C which are able to prevent increased skin melanin by inhibiting the actions of tyrosinase. This study was aimed to prove that application of 8% red pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to UVB as well as to prove that the 8% red pomegranate peel extract cream was as effective as 4% hydroquinone cream in preventing increased skin melanin. This was a true experimental study using post test only control group design. Subjects were divided into three groups, with 10 guinea pigs each group. Group 1, the control group, was treated with UVB exposure and basic cream. Group 2 was treated with UVB exposure and 4% hydroquinone cream. Group 3 was treated with UVB and 8% red pomegranate peel extract cream. A total of 390 mJ/cm UVB dosage was given for 2 weeks. Histopahtologic slides were stained with Masson-Fontana. The amount of melanin area colored in black was evaluated by the percentage of pixel areas of melanin compared with pixel areas of all epidermal tissues. The results showed that the highest amount of melanin was in group 1 (18.13±4.76%), followed by group 3 (1.876±0.73%), and group 2 as the lowest (0.67±0.291%). There was a significant difference between control group and group 2 as s well as group 3 (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3 (P >0.05). Conclusion: Application of 8% red pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to UVB. The 8% red pomegranate peel extract cream was as effective as 4% hydroquinone cream in preventing increased skin melanin.Keywords: red pomegranate peel extract, melanin, skin, UVBAbstrak: Sebagai organ terluar dari tubuh, kulit menjadi target utama dari pengaruh lingkungan, terutama oleh sinar UVB. Berdasarkan analisis fitokimia, ekstrak kulit delima merah memiliki kandungan antioksidan seperti flavonoid fenol, tanin, dan vitamin C yang mampu mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin dengan cara menghambat kerja enzim tirosinase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek pemberian krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% dalam menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin pada kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) betina yang dipapar sinar UVB dan krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% memiliki efektivitas yang sama dengan krim hidrokuinon 4% dalam menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin tersebut. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, masing-masing berjumlah 10 ekor marmut betina. Kelompok 1 (kontrol) diberikan pajanan sinar UVB dan krim dasar; kelompok 2 diberikan paparan sinar UVB dan krim hidrokuinon 4%; dan kelompok 3diberikan pajanan sinar UVB dan krim ekstrak kulit delima merah 8%. Dosis total UVB 390 mJ/cm2 yang diberikan selama 2 minggu. Sediaan histopatologik jaringan kulit menggunakan pewarnaan Masson-Fontana. Jumlah melanin dihitung dengan persentase pixel luas area melanin dibandingkan pixel seluruh jaringan epidermis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah melanin paling tinggi terdapat pada kelompok 1 (18,13±4,76%), diikuti kelompok 3 (1,876±0,73%), dan paling rendah pada kelompok 2 (0,67±0,291%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dengan kelompok 2 dan 3 (P <0,05) sedangkan antara kelompok 2 dan 3 tidak berbeda bermakna dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin (P >0,05). Simpulan: Krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% dapat menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin pada kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) betina. Krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% sama efektif dengan krim hidrokuinon 4% dalam menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin pada kulit marmut.Kata kunci: kulit delima merah, melanin, kulit, UVB, marmut betina.

scholarly journals Krim ekstrak etanol biji mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) sama efektifnya dengan krim hidrokuinon dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) yang dipapar sinar ultraviolet B

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmi Sofiana ◽  
Anak A.G.P. Wiraguna ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract: Ultraviolet B (UVB) ray may cause skin hyperpigmentation due to increased melanin level. Noni seeds (Morinda citrifolia) extract was a strong candidate as an antioxidant and whitening agent. This study was aimed to prove the effect of noni seeds extract cream in prevention the increase of melanin in UVB-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). This was a true experimental study using posttest only control group design. Subjects were 30 guinea pigs divided into 3 groups, each of 10 guinea pigs. Group 1, the control group, was treated with UVB exposure and basic cream; group 2 was treated with UVB and 4% noni seed cream; and group 3 was treated with UVB and 4% hydroquinone cream. A total of 390 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet B dosage was given for 2 weeks. Histopathological examination with Masson-Fontana staining was performed to evaluate the melanin areas with black color. The amount of melanin was calculated by the percentage of pixel areas of melanin and was compared with the pixels of all epidermal tissues. The results showed that the highest number of melanin was in group 1 (10.61±5.33%), while in group 2 was 1.4±0.65%, and in group 3 was 0.45±0.23%. There was a significant difference between the control group and group 2 as well as group 3 (P <0.05) whereas no significant difference was found between group 2 and group 3 (P >0.05). Conclusion: The 4% noni seeds extract (Morinda citrifolia) cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in UVB-exposed guinea pig as effective as 4% hydroquinone cream.Keywords: noni seeds extract cream, melanin, ultraviolet B, guinea pigs Abstrak: Paparan sinar ultraviolet B (UVB) mengakibatkan terjadinya kelainan hiperpigmentasi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan jumlah melanin. Ekstrak biji mengkudu memiliki kombinasi zat aktif yang dapat bekerja sinergis dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek pemberian krim ekstrak biji mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) yang dipapar sinar UVB. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan randomized posttest only control group design menggunakan 30 ekor marmut jantan yang dibagi atas 3 kelompok, masing-masing 10 ekor. Kelompok 1 yaitu kelompok kontrol, diberi paparan sinar UVB dan diolesi krim dasar. Kelompok 2 diberi paparan sinar UVB dan krim ekstrak biji mengkudu 4%. Kelompok 3 diberi paparan sinar UVB dan krim hidrokuinon 4%. Dosis total UVB yaitu 390 mJ/cm2 diberikan selama 2 minggu. Pemeriksaan histopatologik jaringan kulit dengan pewarnaan Masson- Fontana. Jumlah melanin dihitung dengan persentase pixel luas area melanin dibandingkan dengan pixel seluruh jaringan epidermis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah melanin pada Kelompok 1 sebesar 10,61±5,33%; pada kelompok 2 sebesar 1.4±0.65%, dan pada kelompok 3 sebesar 0,45±0,23%. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dengan kelompok 2 dan 3 (P <0,05). Perbandingan antara kelompok 2 dan 3 tidak berbeda bermakna dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin (P >0,05). Simpulan: Krim ekstrak biji mengkudu 4% dapat mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut yang dipapar sinar UVB, dan memiliki efektifitas yang sama dengan krim hidrokuinon 4%. Kata kunci: krim ekstrak biji mengkudu, melanin, ultraviolet B, marmut

scholarly journals The effect of red pomegranate (Punica ganatum) peel extract on leukocyte number and type in rats exposed with mobile phone electromagnetic radiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
MULKI RAKHMAWATI ◽  
ISNA QADRIYATI ◽  
LILIK WIJAYANTI
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Leukocyte Number ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

Rakhmawati M, Qadriyati I, Wijayanti L. 2011. The effect of red pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract on leukocyte number and type in rats exposed with mobile phone electromagnetic radiation. Biofarmasi 9: 55-61. This research aimed to examine the effect of red pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract on leukocyte number and type in rats exposed with mobile phone electromagnetic radiation. This study was a laboratory experimental post-test only control group design. The subjects used were 32 male rats, divided into 4 groups: (i) control group, (ii) mobile phone electromagnetic radiation-exposed group for 4 hour/day for 14 days, (iii) mobile phone electromagnetic radiation-exposed group for 4 hour/ day for 14 days with red pomegranate peel extract 50 mg/kg weight body in pre and during exposed, and (iv) mobile phone electromagnetic radiation-exposed group for 4 hour/day for 14 days with red pomegranate peel extract 50 mg/kg body weight pre, during and post-exposed. After 41 days, blood was collected in a clean tube with EDTA from orbital sinus of rats. Blood was used for leukocyte number and type in Pathology Clinic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University. The data obtained were statistically analyzed with independent t-test by using SPSS Program for Microsoft Windows release 16.0 with a significance level at p<0.05. The results showed that red pomegranate peel extract decrease the leukocyte number than only exposed to mobile phone electromagnetic radiation group. The treatment of red pomegranate peel extract decreased for eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte, while for neutrophil, the treatment of red pomegranate peel extract showed increase than only exposed with mobile phone electromagnetic radiation group. Statistical analysis with independent t-test showed that the result was significant between group 1 and 3, and between group 2 and 3 of leukocyte number, but no significant for other groups. Meanwhile, the result of independent t-test showed no significant between all groups of the type of leukocyte. The experiment result showed that red pomegranate peel extract can significantly decrease the leukocyte number in rats exposed with mobile phone electromagnetic radiation (p<0.05), but no significant for different count (p>0.05).

scholarly journals Pomegranate Peel Extract Is a Potential Alternative Therapeutic for Giardiasis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Asmaa M. El-Kady ◽  
Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Samer S. Fouad ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
Taghrid Istivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Peel Extract

Giardiasis is a major diarrheal disease affecting approximately 2.5 million children annually in developing countries. Several studies have reported the resistance of Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) to multiple drugs. Therefore, identifying an effective drug for giardiasis is a necessity. This study examined the antiparasitic effect of Punica granatum (pomegranate) and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in rats infected with G. lamblia. In vitro study showed high efficacy of pomegranate peel ethanolic extract in killing G. lamblia cysts as demonstrated by eosin vital staining. We showed that treating infected rats with pomegranate extract resulted in a marked reduction in the mean number of G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites in feces and intestine respectively. Interestingly, the number of G. lamblia trophozoites and cysts were significantly lower in the pomegranate extract-treated group compared to the metronidazole-positive control group. Moreover, pomegranate extract treatment significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) and reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α, compared to infected untreated rats. Histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the jejunum and duodenum of pomegranate extract-treated animals confirmed the antiparasitic effect of the extract, and demonstrated the restoration of villi structure with reduction of villi atrophy, decreased infiltration of lymphocytes, and protection of intestinal cells from apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, our data show that the pomegranate peel extract is effective in controlling G. lamblia infections, which suggests that it could be a viable treatment option for giardiasis.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of postoperative pain intensity after single-visit and multiple-visit retreatment cases: a prospective randomized clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Miray Uyan ◽  
Keziban Olcay ◽  
Mutlu Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Multiple Visit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> This study was designed to evaluate postoperative pain after endodontic retreatment. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Asymptomatic, multi-rooted molar &amp; premolar teeth requiring retreatment with 2–5 mm periapical lesions were included. Seventy-eight teeth were randomly placed in four groups (n=20): single-visit (control, group 1), Ledermix (group 2), metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, minocycline mixture (group 3), calcium hydroxide (group 4). The postoperative pain was recorded using a VAS at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after retreatment. Statistical evaluation was performed using Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA and Tukey test. <strong>Results:</strong> Mild pain occurred in 67.5%, moderate in 30%, and flare-ups in 2.5%, and there was a significant difference between the groups (p&lt;0.01). Significantly lower postoperative pain was observed in TAP and CaOH<sub>2 </sub>groups(p&lt;0.05). In the 6, 12, and 24 h intervals, there was a significant difference in the pain levels (p&lt;0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> TAP and CaOH<sub>2</sub> are effective for reducing postoperative pain after retreatment.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Intracanal medicaments; Multiple-visit; Postoperative pain; Retreatment; Single-visit.</p>

An aqueous pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) protect against Elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in Sprague Dawley rats model

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zioud Fatma ◽  
Martín-Barrasa Jose Luis ◽  
Espinosa De Los Monteros Y Zaya Antonio ◽  
Santana Reyes Laura ◽  
Herráez Thomas Pherraez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

Investigation of TAp63 gene Expression and Follicle Count Using Melatonin in Cisplatin-induced Ovarian Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacı Öztürk Şahin ◽  
Mehmet Nuri Duran ◽  
Fatma Sılan ◽  
Ece Sılan ◽  
Duygu Sıddıkoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: Premature ovarian failure is among the most important side effects of chemotherapy during reproductive period. Preserving ovarian function is gradually gaining importance during oncologic treatment. The present study aims to investigate the potential of melatonin to protect from cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity in rats. Twenty nine female rats were divided to three groups: Saline control group (Group 1), cisplatin group (Group 2), and cisplatin+melatonin group (Group 3). While the rats in Groups 2 and 3 were administered 5 mg/kg single dose of cisplatin via intra-peritoneal (IP) route, the rats in Group 3 were started on melatonin (20 mg/kg IP) before cisplatin administration and continued during 3 consecutive days. Ovaries were removed one week after cisplatin administration in all groups. Blood samples were obtained before the rats were decapited. Histological evaluation, follicle count, and classification were performed. TAp63 mRNA expression was evaluated using mRNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Serum estradiol (E2) and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) values were measured with enzyme immune-assay technology. Results: While primordial follicles were seen to decrease in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (p:0.023), primordial follicle count was observed to be preserved significantly in melatonin group as compared to Group 2 (p:0.047). Moreover, cisplatin-induced histo-pathological morphology was preserved in favor of normal histology in melatonin group. A significant difference was not observed between groups with regard to mean serum AMH and E2 values (p:0.102 and p:0.411, respectively). While TAp63 gene expression significantly increased in Group 2 as compared to control group (p:0.001), we did not detect a statistically significant difference in cisplatin+melatonin group, although gene expression decreased (p:0.34). Conclusion: We conclude that concurrent administration of melatonin and cisplatin may protect from ovarian damage.

Endovascular reflux-elimination of perforating veins by RFITT and foam sclerotherapy

Phlebologie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
J. Duben ◽  
J. Gatek ◽  
T. Saha ◽  
G. Hnatkova ◽  
L. Hnatek
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Perforating Veins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Power Setting ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group 1

SummaryIntroduction: During the last years, many endovascular techniques have been developed in order to eliminate not only the reflux in stem veins but in perforating veins and their tributaries, too.Aim: The aim of this study was to use endo -vascular RFITT and the foam sclerotherapy for the occlusion of perforating veins as the prime source of reflux and their tributaries.Material and Methods: The Celon method was used for the thermal treatment. Polydocalon with the concentration 1% and 2% with DSS technique was used for the foam sclerotherapy. The RFITT was accomplished in 127 perforating veins in total. This group was divided into three subgroups. The first one consists of patients where only RFITT was carried out (n= 41), in the second, there were patients with RFITT realized with sclerotherapy during one session (n= 48), in the third, RFITT was completed with sclerotherapy in one month after the RFITT intervention (n= 38). The control group included perforating veins treated only with sclerotherapy (n= 81). The power setting 6W was used on the generator during the RFITT with CelonProSurge micro and 18W for usage of Celon ProCurve probe.Results: The effectiveness of the procedure in the group 1 was 8.8%, in the group two 93.7%, in the group three 92.1% and in the control group 76.5% in one year follow up. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness in groups 1, 2 and 3. The marginal difference was among all three groups with RFITT and the control group. Significant differences were in the parameter of the extinction of visible varicose veins with the reflux from perforators. The extinction was faster in group 3 than in group 2 and in the control group and the slowest was in group 1. The significant difference was observed between groups 2 and 3 compared with group 1 and the margin difference was between groups 2 and 3 compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed between groups 1 and the control group.Conclusions: All procedures are effective. The most important is the combination of RFITT and the sclerotherapy one month after thermal intervention. This is associated with a low risk of recanalization and the fastest extinction of visible varicose veins.

Efficacy of Double Manual Cleaning Versus Automated Cleaning for Removal of Biofilm of Hinged Surgical Instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s518-s519
Author(s):  
Dayane Costa ◽  
Roel Castillo ◽  
Lillian Kelly Lopes ◽  
Anaclara Tipple ◽  
Honghua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of double manual cleaning (DMC) with enzymatic followed by alkaline detergent for removing biofilm on hinged surgical instruments compared to automated cleaning by the washer-disinfector. Methods: Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) was formed in vitro on hemostatic forceps (Fig. 1). Biofilm-covered forceps were rinsed in distilled water and subjected to one of the following cleaning regimes (n = 5 forceps each): Group 1 forceps were soaked in sterile water for 5 minutes. Group 2-DMC forceps were soaked in enzymatic detergent, brushed 5 times on each face, rinsed with filtrated water (0.2 µm), soaked in alkaline detergent, brushed 5 times each face, rinsed with filtrated water (0.2 µm), and dried with sterile cloth. For group 3-DMC plus hinge inner brushing (n = 5), the forceps were soaked in detergents and brushed as in group 2, including hinge inner brushing (2-mm lumen brush) (Fig. 1). In group 4 (automated cleaning in a washer/disinfector), forceps were prewashed, washed once, washed again, rinsed, thermally rinsed, and dried. After the treatments, forceps were evaluated for microbial load (counting of colony-forming units), residual protein (BCA protein assay kit), and biofilm (scanning electron microscopy). Results: There was no statistically significant differences between the microbial load and protein level contaminating the forceps subjected to DMC (group 2) and the positive control group. The DMC with hinge inner brushing group (group 3) and the automated cleaning group (group 4) demonstrated a significantly reduced microbial load: reduction averages of 2.8 log 10 (P = .038) and 7.6 log10 (P ≤ .001), respectively. The protein level remaining on the forceps also significantly decreased: 2.563 μg (P = .016) and 1,453 μg (P = .001), respectively, compared to the positive control group. There was no statistically significant difference between DMC with hinge inner brushing and automated cleaning (groups 3 and 4) for all of the tests performed. None of the cleaning methods completely removed biofilm and/or soil from the forceps hinge internal region (Fig. 1). Conclusions: Automated cleaning had the best efficacy for removing biofilm. However, DMC with hinge inner brushing was an acceptable alternative cleaning method for sterilizing service units with only manual cleaning available, as is the case in most low- and middle-income countries. Neither automated nor any manual cleaning regimes were able to completely remove biofilm and soil from the forceps hinged area, and the amount of protein left after automated and DMC plus hinge brushing was higher than the recommended. Cleaning is the most important step for the reprocessing of reusable medical devices; thus, efforts must be undertaken to improve cleaning in different social and economic realities and scenarios.Funding: This study was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES.Disclosures: None

scholarly journals Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Methods for Color Stability of the E-Max Dental Ceramics: In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1508-1513
Author(s):  
Ibraheem F Alshiddi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In order to assess the influence of finishing and polishing on the surface brightness and color stability of the ceramic veneer, fifty specimens were fabricated with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness using IPS E-Max Ceramic. After glazing, 10 specimens were untouched as control group, and the other 40 specimens were abraded using 125µm diamond bur to create surface roughness. Forty specimens were divided into four groups (n=10), in group 1: specimens were finished using diamond point, in group 2 specimens’ surface was polished with a polishing kit, Group 3: Each specimen surface was polished with the polishing kit as in protocol 2 and was polished a polishing past and group 4 Each specimen was glazed by heating at 621℃ for 3 minutes followed by a temperature increase of 83℃/min up to 918℃ for 30 seconds. Color measurement was performed using spectrophotometer. Color stability data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (α=0.05). For Ra values, paired-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data and compare groups. The change in L and E showed a significant difference among the study groups; (group 1, group 2, group 3 and group 4) with respect to three variables L, a and b. A significant difference was noted when compared each group with the control; however, only group 2 showed a significant difference from group 4; the remaining groups demonstrated similar findings for all three variables. The study displayed a significant impact of the finishing and polishing technique on the surface brightness and color stability of ceramic restoration. However, it was evident that combination of two or three polishing techniques which includes polish kit and glaze enhances the surface finish and adds color stability by alternating the yellow – blue axis (increase in b) and red- green axis (decrease in a).

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