scholarly journals Kandungan Klorofil Total Daun Puring (Codiaeum variegatum L.) Yang Mengalami Cekaman Kekeringan

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Natasya Gloria Sonke ◽  
Parluhutan Siahaan ◽  
Nio Song Ai
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Codiaeum Variegatum

elah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi kandungan klorofil total pada daun tanaman puring (Codiaeum variegatum L.) yang mengalami cekaman kekeringan. Tanaman puring varietas gelatik diberi perlakuan kekeringan selama 14 hari dengan tiga kali ulangan pada tanaman puring yang daunnya telah berkembang penuh (fully expanded leaf). Pengambilan sampel daun diambil pada hari ke-0 (sebelum perlakuan kekeringan dimulai), ke-7 dan ke-14 (setelah perlakuan kekeringan) yaitu pada daun tua dan daun muda pada tanaman control/diairi (DA) dan tidak diairi (TA). Kandungan klorofil daun diukur dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 649 dan 665 nm. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANAVA dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor umur daun serta interaksi antara umur daun dan waktu menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan kandungan klorofil total pada daun tanaman puring varietas gelatikA study was carried out to evaluate the total chlorophyll content of croton (Codiaeum variegatum L. var. Belvalen) leaves under drought stress. The drought stress was applied for 14 days with three replications on leaf. The fully expanded leaves (old and young leaves) were collected at day 0, 7 and 14 from control (DA) and unirrigated (TA) plants. Leaf chlorophyll content measured using a spectrophotometer at 649 and 665 nm wavelengths. The data were analysed by ANOVA in Completely Randomized Design at 95% confidence level and followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that leaf age factor and the interaction between leaf age and time caused differences in total chlorophyll content in the leaves of croton cv. Gelatik plants

scholarly journals Antioxidant gene expression, chlorophyll, and starch content in Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka Ex Q. Jiménez) trees with HLB by application of elicitors of plant resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Felipe Roberto Flores-de la Rosa ◽  
◽  
Ricardo Santillán-Mendoza ◽  
Cynthia Guadalupe Rodríguez-Quibrera ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Randomized Design

Persian lime is economically important for Mexico. However, the disease known as Huanglongbing (HLB) causes chlorosis symptoms in the foliage that affect the growth and decreases the yield of the trees. The expression of chlorosis symptoms is associated with starch accumulation and inhibition of antioxidant activity. The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of the application of three resistance elicitors on the expression of three antioxidant genes and on starch and chlorophyll content in Persian lime trees with HLB. Salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were applied every eight days for nine weeks using a completely randomized design and a one-way ANOVA was performed for the analysis. Expression of APX, CAT and SOD genes was quantified at week nine at four different times. Starch and total chlorophyll content was estimated every three weeks by spectrophotometric methods. The application of the elicitors significantly increased the expression of the three genes, with SA and GABA generating the greatest increase at different times of application. No difference was found in starch and total chlorophyll content at most of the times evaluated. The use of resistance elicitors is promising in the management of HLB in plots already infected, seeking to extend the productive life of the orchards and thus counteract the economic losses caused by HLB.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger kanagurta) DENGAN SAYUR GONDA (Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertner) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BAKSO

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Brogina Mayank Dini ◽  
Luh Putu Trisna Darmayanti ◽  
I Ketut Suter
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Randomized Design

This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of comparison of mackerel with gonda vegetable on meatballs characteristics and get a comparison of mackerel with specific gonda vegetable that can produce meatballs with the best characteristics. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatment that is the comparison of mackerel with gonda vegetable consisting of 6 levels: 100%: 0%; 95%: 5%; 90%: 10%; 85%: 15%; 80%: 20%; 75%: 25%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that obtained 18 units. The data is then analyzed by analysis of variance and if the treatment influences the proposed variable then it is continued by Duncan. The results showed that the comparison of mackerel and gonda vegetable had a very significant effect on water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant capacity, color (scoring), texture, aroma, overall acceptance and no significant effect for texture, aroma and taste. Comparison of 80% mackerel and 20% gonda vegetables had the best characteristics, with 62.99% water content, 1.56% ash content, 1.28% fat content, 8.75% protein content, 25.43% carbohydrate content, 18.39% total chlorophyll content, antioxidant capacity 25.63%. Sensory properties obtained are color (rather green, rather like), texture (rather like), flavor (liked) and overall acceptance (like).

Cell membrane stability and chlorophyll content variation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes under conditions of heat and drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Rashid Mehmood Rana ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content

Heat and drought are among the major obstacles confronting crop production under climate change. The present study was conducted to evaluate 50 diverse wheat genotypes for cell membrane stability (CMS) and chlorophyll content at seedling and anthesis stages under heat and drought stress conditions, to understand the effect of the two abiotic factors and to find promising genotypes for future breeding. Experiments were conducted in the glasshouse (seedling stage) and the field (anthesis stage). Analysis of variance showed significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) for all of the traits at seedling and anthesis stages. High levels of broad-sense heritability and genetic advance at 5% selection intensity indicated the presence of a high genetic component of variation and potential for genetic improvement through selection among the existing genetic variation. CMS showed a significant positive correlation with 1000-grain weight (TGW) under heat and drought conditions at both seedling and anthesis stages. Chlorophyll a/b ratio at seedling stage exhibited a significant negative correlation (r = –0.39, P < 0.05) with TGW under heat stress. Total chlorophyll content was significantly (r = 0.42, P < 0.05) correlated with TGW under heat stress at anthesis. Genotypes ETAD248 and ETAD7 showed the highest CMS and TGW values, whereas their chlorophyll a/b values were lowest, at both seedling and anthesis stages under heat and drought stress conditions. Higher CMS and total chlorophyll content, and lower chlorophyll a/b, were found to be useful indicators to identify genotypes with high TGW under heat and drought stress conditions. This study indicated the possibility of using seedling resistance as an indicator for later stage response in breeding for heat and drought resistance. The resistant genotypes identified can be used as potential germplasm in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Kandungan Klorofil Total Daun Pada Padi Lokal Sulawesi Utara Yang Mengalami Cekaman Banjir

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Fitria Tjolleng ◽  
Parluhutan Siahaan ◽  
Nio Song Ai
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Media ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji respon fisiologi tanaman padi lokal Sulawesi Utara (varietas Ombong, Temo, TB, dan Sultan) terhadap cekaman banjir pada fase vegetatif berdasarkan kandungan klorofil total pada daun. Pot dan tanaman padi dimasukkan ke dalam ember sehingga terendam setinggi 27 cm di atas permukaan media. Perlakuan cekaman kebanjiran berlangsung selama 20 hari. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada hari ke-0 (sebelum perlakuan), 10, 15 dan 20 setelah perlakuan. Daun diambil sebanyak 1 g kemudian dihaluskan dan diekstraksi menggunakan alkohol 95% dan kandungan klorofil diukur dengan spektrofotometer. Data kandungan klorofil total dalam percobaan faktorial dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam dalam rancangan acak lengkap pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor varietas, faktor waktu dan interaksi antara keduanya tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada kandungan klorofil total pada daun tanaman padi (varietas Ombong, Temo, TB, dan Sultan) selama 20 hari perlakuan cekaman banjirThis study examined the physiological responses of North Sulawesi local rice plants in (Ombong, Temo, TB, and Sultan varieties) to partial submergence at the vegetative phase based on the content of total chlorophyll in the rice leaves. The pot and plants were submerged under water in a bucket about 27 cm above the surface of the media. The submergence treatment was lasted for 20 days. Data collection was carried out at day 0 (before treatment), 10, 15 and 20 after treatment. The leaves (about 1 g for ach sample) were collected, then refined and extracted using 95% ethanol. The total chlorophyll content was measured using spectrophotometer. Data of total chlorophyll content in the factorial experiment were analyzed using analysis of variance under completely randomized design at a 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicated that variety and time factors as well as their interactions showed no significant differences in the content of total chlorophyll in the leaves of rice plant varieties (Ombong, Temo, TB, and Sultan) during 20 days of partial submergence

scholarly journals KONSENTRASI KLOROFIL TOTAL PADA DAUN TANAMAN PURING (Codiaeum variegatum L.) YANG DIBERI PERLAKUAN NAUNGAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiani Sigala ◽  
Natasya G Songke ◽  
Karina P Tumoka ◽  
Regina R Butarbutar ◽  
Song Ai Nio
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Codiaeum Variegatum

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan ada tidaknya perbedaan konsentrasi klorofil total pada daun tanaman puring yang tidak dinaungi dan dinaungi selama 14 hari. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali yaitu pada hari ke-0 (sebelum perlakuan) 7 dan 14. Daun yang diambil adalah daun yang merupakan tunas kedua termuda pada tiap tanaman dalam pot. Daun puring diekstraksi menggunakan alkohol 96% dan konsentrasi klorofil diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer. Data konsentrasi klorofil total yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor waktu menyebabkan perbedaan yang nyata pada konsentrasi klorofil total pada tanaman puring. Konsentrasi klorofil total daun pada hari ke-0 lebih rendah daripada hari ke-7 dan 14. Perlakuan naungan dan tanpa naungan tidak mempengaruhi konsentrasi klorofil total tetapi memberi corak warna pada daun puring.Kata kunci: tanaman puring, naungan, klorofil total THE CONCENTRATION OF LEAF CHLOROPHYLL IN CROTON PLANT (Codiaeum variegatum L.) UNDER SHADING TREATMENTABSTRACTThe study aimed to determine the differences in total chlorophyll concentration in croton leaves which were not shaded and shaded  for 14 days. The leaves taken are the second youngest shoots in each plant in the pot. Sampling was done three times on days 0, 7 and 14. Croton leaves exstracted using alcohol 96% and chlorophyll concentration was measured using a spectrophotometer. The obtained data of leaf total chlorophyll concentration analysed using ANOVA at 95% confidence level and tested further with a 5% Duncan test. The results showed that the factor of treatment period resulted in a significant difference in the leaf total chlorophyll concentration in croton plants. The leaf total chlorophyll concentration at day 0 was lower than at day 7 and 14. Shaded and not shaded treatment did not affect total chlorophyll concentration but give color shades to croton leaves.Keywords: Croton plant, shade, total chlorophyll

scholarly journals Growing Conditions Alter the Relationship Between SPAD-501 Values and Apple Leaf Chlorophyll

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Campbell ◽  
Kendrick N. Mobley ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between SPAD-501 meter readings (SPAD) and total chlorophyll content (TCHL) was evaluated for `Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves grown in various environments. Regression models were developed between SPAD and TCHL for each of six separate experiments and were evaluated for statistical coincidence. SPAD was linearly related in a positive manner to TCHL in five of the six experiments; however, models differed between experiments, particularly between field- and greenhouse-grown trees. Thus, the relationship between SPAD and TCHL must be determined for each experiment.

scholarly journals Response of Two variety of Snake Cucumber to Spray with Atonics Biostimulator in Some Chemical Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
Ghufran Zaid Khalaf Al-Rikabi ◽  
Batool Hanoon Falih Al-Zubaidy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The experiment was carried out in unheated greenhouses in the station of the College of Agriculture and Marshes/Dhi Qar University during the fall season 2020-2021, to study the effect of atonic biostimulant in chemical parameters growth and yield of snak cucumber (Cucumis melo. Var flexuosus naud) under protected cultivation,. The experiment included two factors: First one two cultivars of cucumber (Al-Baghdadi and Al-Halawi), second factor was atonic biostimulant (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 ml L−1) A Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) were used with three replicates and means were compared according to Least Significant Difference Test (L.S.D.)test at probability of 0.05. Determining the stages of plant growth in which the foliar spraying process was carried out and the number of sprays. Results were summarized as follows: Al-Baghdadi cultivar was significantly superior in (content of total soluble carbohydrates in fruits, vitamin (C) and total chlorophyll content of fruits), reached (6.181, 101.8 and 9,744) mg 100 g−1 respectively Compare with Al-Halawi cultivar which recorded the highest rate of protein in fruits(4.115 %.), The addition of atonic spray treatment at a concentration 1.5 ml L−1 was significantly in (content of total soluble carbohydrates in fruits, vitamin (C), total chlorophyll and proteins in fruits), which recorded (7.327 mg 100g−1 and 132.5 mg 100g−1 and 10,860 mg 100g−1 and 4.323%) respectively, but the control treatment gave the lowest rates. the interaction between Al-Baghdadi cultivar and 1.5 mL−1 atonic biostimulant was superior (content of total soluble carbohydrates, vitamin (C), total chlorophyll content in fruits), 145.0 mg 100 g−1, 11.019 mg 100 g−1 and 4.354%) respectively, but the comparison treatment gave the lowest rates.

scholarly journals Analysis of Leaf Pigments of SJ-02 Cocoa Seedlings Under Different Irrigation Depths and Cultivation Containers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Stefany Sampaio Silveira ◽  
Robson Prucoli Posse ◽  
Laís Gertrudes Fontana Silva ◽  
Valeria Pancieri Sallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings

The analysis of leaf pigments helps to understand the behavior of plant species under stress conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of leaf pigments in SJ-02 cocoa seedlings under different irrigation depths and cultivation containers. The experiment took place at the Federal Institute of Esp&iacute;rito Santo, Campus Itapina, in Colatina, a city located in the northwest of the State of Esp&iacute;rito Santo, Brazil. A total of 144 seedlings were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (6 &times; 3), where the first factor consisted of six different irrigation depths: 4; 6; 8; 10; 12 and 14 mm d-1 and the second one consisted of three different cultivation containers: polypropylene bags with dimensions of 10 &times; 20, 15 &times; 25 and 13 &times; 35, totalling 18 treatments, with eight repetitions. Seventy-four days after sowing, total chlorophyll content, flavonoid index and anthocyanin index were evaluated. There was no interaction between the factors studied. The 7 mm d-1 irrigation depth is the most suitable because it is practical in water management. Significance was not observed between the different cultivation containers.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL HASIL KETAHANAN TERIMBAS Fusarium oxysporum terhadap Spathoglottis plicata SECARA IN VITRO

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Gardis Andari ◽  
Endang Nurcahyani
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Network Culture ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Induce Resistance

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is an important disease which is one of the obstacles in the quality and production of orchid plants (Palmer, 2011). The loss due to this disease is very high, which can cause plant death by 50% or even 80% (Hadisutrisno, 2001). The use of S. plicata cultivar which is resistant to Fo is expected to be an alternative in controlling the disease. Research to compensate for resistance of soil orchids resistant to Fo has been carried out in vitro on a solid Vacin & Went (VW) medium which was added with fusaric acid at concentrations of 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm and 40 ppm compared to controls (0 ppm). Orchid S. plicata from the selection of fusaric acid was then inoculated with Fo. This study aims to analyze the total chlorophyll content in leaves of the S. plicata plantlets as a result of induce resistance to Fo. The research was conducted at the Network Culture Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung. The study used a completely randomized design. Data were analyzed for variance (ANOVA) and if significantly different continued with the LSD test a real level of 5%. The results showed that the higher the concentration of fusaric acid, the higher the total chlorophyll content of soil-resistant orchid plantlets was increased. At a concentration of 40 ppm, the highest total chlorophyll content is 9.592 ± 2.226x10-1e

scholarly journals Variations in Leaf Chlorophyll Concentration in Croton Plants (Codiaeum variegatum L.) Cultivar Gelatik at a Different Leaf Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Jieni Trivalen Djangaopa ◽  
Susan M Mambu ◽  
Song Ai Nio
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Codiaeum Variegatum ◽  
Google Play ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Concentration

The leaf color of croton plants (Codiaeum variegatum L.) cv. Gelatik varies from green, yellow until red. This study aimed to evaluate the variations of  leaf chlorophyll concentration in croton plants cv. Gelatik at a different leaf age. The branches of the stem with 9-10 leaves were three times sampled from croton trees grown in Kalasey Dua Village, Mandolang District, Minahasa Regency. All leaves of each branch were picked sequentially, from the oldest leaf in the lowest position to the youngest leaf in the terminal of the branch. Leaf colors were determined using a color grab program downloaded from the Google Play Store. Each leaf was extracted using 95% ethanol and the chlorophyll concentration was measured using the Nano Usage spectrophotometer-3000 at the wavelengths of 649 and 665 nm. The results of this study indicated that total chlorophyll concentration in croton leaves was 3.01-33.14 mg/L, chlorophyll a concentration was 0.03-3.90 mg/L, and chlorophyll b concentration was 18.77-31 25 mg/L. The chlorophyll concentrations in the old leaf with brown-red color was higher than other leaves with different color.Keywords: croton leaf; chlorophyll concentration; leaf ageKonsentrasi Klorofil Daun pada Tanaman Puring  (Codiaeum variegatum L.)  Varietas Gelatik dengan Umur Daun yang BerbedaABSTRAKTanaman puring (Codiaeum variegatum L.) varietas gelatik menunjukkan variasi warna daun, yaitu hijau, kuning, dan merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevalusi ada tidaknya variasi konsentrasi klorofil daun pada tanaman puring  varietas gelatik dengan umur daun yang berbeda. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali, yaitu cabang  tanaman puring varietas gelatik dengan 9-10 daun yang diambil dari pohon puring di Desa Kalasey Dua, Kecamatan Mandolang, Kabupaten Minahasa. Semua daun puring pada cabang pohon tersebut dipetik secara berurutan, dari daun tertua yang berada di posisi bawah sampai daun termuda di terminal cabang pohon tersebut. Warna daun ditentukan dengan menggunakan program color grab yang di- download dari Google Play Store. Setelah daun diekstrak dengan alkohol 95%, konsentrasi klorofil diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer-3000 nano Usage pada panjang gelombang 649 dan 665 nm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi klorofil total pada daun puring bervariasi antara 3,01-33,14 mg/L, konsentrasi klorofil a bervariasi antara 0,03-3,90 mg/L dan konsentrasi klorofil b bervariasi antara 18,77-31,25 mg/L. Konsentrasi klorofil pada daun tua yang berwarna coklat-merah cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pada daun dengan warna lain.Kata kunci: Daun puring; konsentrasi klorofil; umur daun

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