scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Phosphorous Removal by Coagulation using Natural Coagulants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Phosphorous Removal ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Hyacinth Bean ◽  
Banana Leaves

Phosphorous is one of the major nutrients contributing the increased eutrophication of lakes and natural waters. The concentration of phosphorus in domestic sewage is generally adequate to support aerobic biological wastewater treatment. Coagulation and flocculation processes can also to remove phosphorous from industrial wastewater.In this experimental study, an attempt is made to feasibility of natural coagulants like Cassia Alata, Calotropis Procera, Hyacinth bean, Banana leaves, Carcia Papaya, Acacia mearnsii, Jatropha Curcas, Cactus and Tamarind seeds on the decrease of Phosphorous from Industrial wastewater. The batch coagulation test was done to optimum graph was plotted between the removal efficiency all the chose coagulated. From the optimum trails, that the rate of phosphorous removal is more for hyacinth bean with a level of 75, trailed by casuarinas leaves with 74% and Banana leaves with 73%. Tamarind seed demonstrates the least Phosphorous expulsion from the wastewater with 56%. From the optimum trails, the Hyacinth bean can be utilized as a successful coagulant for the expulsion of phosphorus from the wastewater. In the optimum trails coagulation studies were carried out to investigate the factor like optimum dosage, pH, initial concentration of Phosphorous, Mixing time and the settling time which influences the removal of phosphorous by coagulation process. From the study, it might be inferred that the maximum percentage removal of phosphorous was acquired for the coagulant measurement of, pH of 8, the initial phosphorous concentration of, mixing time of and settling time of 45 minutes. It might be presumed that the Phosphorous removal from the industrial wastewater of 95% was conceivable when we kept up the optimum condition by the coagulation procedure..

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on Application of Natural Coagulants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012186
Author(s):  
R Premkumar ◽  
S. Rajesh ◽  
M Prasanna venkadesh
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Slow Mixing ◽  
Hyacinth Bean ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Banana Leaf ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Creating nations are confronting consumable water gracefully issues because of lacking money-related assets. The expense of water treatment is expanding, and the nature of waterway water isn’t steady because of a suspended and colloidal molecule load brought about via land advancement and high tempest overflow during the stormy season. Because of numerous issues made by utilizing engineered coagulants a popularity to locate an elective characteristic coagulant emerges. In this exertion, an endeavor is made to examine the likelihood of normal coagulants like Cassia Alata, Calotropis Procera, Hyacinth bean, Banana leaves, Carcia Papaya, Acacia Mearnsii, Jatropha Curcas, Cactus, and Tamarind seeds on the reduction of turbidity of water. The clump coagulation test was done to decide the ideal coagulant amount required for the evacuation of turbidity of 100 NTU and to recognize the successful coagulant out of the nine chose normal coagulants. From this study, it may be accomplished that banana leaf can be used as an effectual coagulant for low and medium turbid water, whereas for high turbid water cactus can be used as an effective coagulant. Further examinations were completed utilizing the recognized coagulant to streamline the parameters like coagulant measurements, pH, introductory turbid focus, blending time, blending rate, and settling time. The higher percentage removal of turbidity was observed when pH was maintained at 6.5, initial turbid concentration was 500NTU, rapid mixing time given was 1 minute, slow mixing time with 25 minutes, and settling time of 25 minutes.

scholarly journals A Study on the Relative Performance of Different Coagulants and the Kinetics of COD in the Treatment of a Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Industrial Wastewater

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 & 2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilheliza A. Baraoidan ◽  
Lin Lin Tun ◽  
Pag-asa D. Gaspillo ◽  
Masaaki . Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Kinetics Of

Untreated wastewater from textile industries when discharged to nearby waterways would cause considerable health concerns to humans and animal life and to the host environment. They contain various chemicals such as dyes, detergents and surfactants, some of which are recalcitrant to biodegradation. Such wastewater can be better remediated by chemical treatment. The treatment of a textile bleaching and dyeing industrial wastewater was done by Coagulation and Flocculation Method using a jar test apparatus. Alum, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and ferrous sulfate were used in separate runs as coagulants, while excelfloc 264 (a polyacrylamide copolymer) was used as flocculant. Preliminary tests were first conducted to determine the appropriate coagulation and flocculation agitation rates and settling time. The initial pH of the sample effluent was varied from 5 to 8 for alum coagulation, 5 to 8.5 for PAC coagulation and 9 to 11 for ferrous sulfate coagulation. The dosages of each coagulant and the excelfloc were varied from 200 to 1000 ppm, and 0.5 to 2.5 ppm, respectively. Experimental results showed that the optimum initial pH of the wastewater using alum, PAC, and ferrous sulfate were 7, 7.5, and 10, respectively. The optimum dosages of the coagulants were found to be 600ppm for alum and 800ppm for both PAC, and ferrous sulfate. The optimum flocculant dosages were 1.5ppm with alum, 1 ppm with PAC and 2ppm with ferrous sulfate. The highest percentage removal of COD, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), chromium, and color were found to be 58.55%, 65%, 36.51%, 76.45%, and 78.96%, respectively, using alum: 65.4%, 67.5%, 35.84%, 44.92%, and 75.49%, respectively using PAC; and, 55.72%, 34.16%, 33.95%, 19.88%, and 48.56%, respectively, using ferrous sulfate. Among the three coagulants tried, coagulation with PAC gave the highest percentage of COD removal of 65.64% and TSS removal of 67.5% while alum gave the highest removal of both chromium and color at 76.45% and 94.49%, respectively. Rapid and slow agitation rates used were 240rpm for 1 minute and 40rpm for 20 minutes, respectively; while settling time was 30 minutes. Kinetics of the COD removal was studied at the optimum conditions. Kinetic model, determined by curve fitting with the coagulation/flocculation reaction, was observed to follow a first-order rate of reaction.

Performance of Natural Coagulants on Greywater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
D. Chitra ◽  
L. Muruganandam
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Natural Coagulants

Background: Reusing waste water by appropriate treatment is an effective method for substantiating the ever increasing water demand for construction, irrigation, domestic and industrial purposes. The greywater is the domestic waste water that does not contain the toilet effluent and it is converted and used for non-potable purpose through coagulation and flocculation by using natural coagulant. Objective: The main objective of this work is to evaluate the coagulating efficiencies of various natural coagulants on synthetic greywater by varying pH, mixing speed, mixing time and coagulant dosage. Methods: Powdered coagulants obtained from tamarind seeds, moringa oleifera, banana peels and fly ash were compared with conventional commercial coagulants like alum for synthetic and real greywater. Results: The natural coagulants have shown significant performance compared to chemicals like alum. Conclusion: The turbidity removal efficiency for tamarind seeds, moringa oleifera, banana peels and fly ash were found to be 61.33%, 85.75%, 90.42%, 94.27% against 96.49% obtained from alum on treating with synthetic grey water under identical conditions.

scholarly journals Performance of Natural Coagulants in the Treatment of Vegetable Oil Industrial Effluent

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
C. F. Okey- Onyesolu ◽  
C. C. Okoye ◽  
C. N. Ude ◽  
O. D. Onukwuli ◽  
O. E. Achugbu
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Egg Shell

The potentials of natural coagulants (egg shell and fish scale) in the treatment of vegetable oil industrial wastewater were investigated. The coagulants were characterized to determine their chemical compositions, functional groups and morphology using proximate analysis method, Fourier Infra-red spectroscope (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively. The industrial wastewater was equally characterized to determine its heavy metal composition and physico-chemical properties. The effects of various process parameters such as pH, coagulants dosage, time and temperature were examined during the treatment of the waste water using the natural coagulants. The proximate analysis shows that Fish Scale Coagulant (FSC) contains more carbohydrate, 42.30% while Egg Shell Coagulant (ESC) has protein content of 39.65%. It was discovered that the coagulating properties of both FSC and ESC improve after extraction due to presence of isocyanates, isothiocyadilimides, azides, ketenes, aldehydes and ketone. The turbidity of the wastewater was very high (365NTU) above the WHO recommended value. The process variables have significant effects on the coagulation with best removal efficiency of 88.54% for ESC and 74.12% for FSC at pH of 4.0 (ESC) and pH of 7.0(FSC); 0.5 g/L (ESC) and 0.04 g/L (FSC) coagulant dosage and temperature of 40°C. Therefore, both coagulants are effective in treating vegetable oil effluent but egg shell coagulant was found to be a better coagulant. Further research on optimization, kinetics and thermodynamics of the coagulation process using ESC and FSC should be carried out.

scholarly journals Рredominant microflora of natural and wastewaters of Lviv region

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
I. Z. Koval ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Wort Agar ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Meat Peptone Agar ◽  
Saccharomyces Yeast

Quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms have been determined by the microbiological methods of the analysis of natural waters and industrial wastewater. It is shown that the dominant microflora of the studied waters are Diplococcus, Sarcina, Bacillus, Pseudomonas bacteria types, blue-green algae of Oscillatoria types, as well as Saccharomyces yeast types. Morphological, physiological and cultural characteristics of colonies grown on nutrient media were studied to identify microorganisms. The growth pattern of colonies of microorganisms on meat-peptone agar (for bacteria) and wort-agar (for yeast) in a Petri dish is shown.

scholarly journals Optimization studies on turbidity removal from cosmetics wastewater using aluminum sulfate and blends of fishbone

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosper E. Ovuoraye ◽  
Victor I. Ugonabo ◽  
Gina F. Nwokocha
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Turbidity Removal

AbstractThis research is centered on the optimization of coagulation–flocculation treatment of cosmetic wastewater. It analyzes blends of fishbone (BFB) and aluminum-based coagulant (ABC) to determine the efficacy of BFB as a potential coagulant–flocculants aid at optimum conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiment was carried out employing the standard nephelometric procedure at 1000 rpm stirring rate. The central composite design (CCD) was used to examine the interactions of pH, dosage, and settling time to maximize the turbidity removal efficiency of the ABC- and BFB-driven coag–flocculation. The optimal pH, dosage, and settling time for ABC were obtained as 10, 0.1 g/L, and 2 min, while pH 6, 0.4 g/L, and settling time of 4 min were recorded for BFB following the established quadratic model of the RSM. The removal efficiency of ABC and BFB plots 80% and 88%, respectively; this corresponds to 262 NTU and 288 NTU of removal from the wastewater at optimal conditions. The kinetics result indicated that the rate constant (Kf) 3 × 10−3 (L/g min) of BFB surpassed 5 × 10−5 (L/g min) recorded for ABC following second-order coag–flocculation reaction, with correlation coefficients (R2) values of 0.999 and 0.9985, respectively. The research also applied cost–benefit analysis for the determination of the efficacy of BFB. The figure obtained shows that the benefit of using BFB will save $5.50 compared to ABC based on this work. At optimal conditions, BFB satisfied the environmental protection agency pH standard for industrial wastewater discharge, promising coagulant–flocculants aid for industrial wastewater purification purpose and the preservation of the environment.

EFFECT OF MIXING ENERGY, MIXING TIME AND SETTLING TIME ON DISPERSION EFFECTIVENESS IN TWO BENCH-SCALE TESTING SYSTEMS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biplab Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Dissipation Rates ◽  
Dispersed Oil

ABSTRACT Dispersion experiments were conducted in baffled-flask and paddle-jar mixing systems at five energy dissipation rates ranging from 4.8 × 10−4 to 1.6 × 10−1 J/kg-s. The objective of these experiments was to investigate the effects of mixing energy, mixing time, and settling time on dispersion effectiveness and size distribution of the chemically dispersed oil droplets. Two separate combinations of evaporatively weathered Mars crude oil premixed with dispersants differing in hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) (12 and 10) but having the same chemical composition (Tween 80 and Span 80 in dodecane) were used. Dispersion effectiveness increased with energy dissipation rate to a maximum and then leveled for all cases studied. In the baffled flask, dispersion effectiveness reached a maximum of 82 ± 5% irrespective of oil-dispersant combination. In the paddle jar, the maximum value of dispersion effectiveness was oil-dispersant specific, being at 87 ± 9% and 30 ± 11% for dispersant HLB 12 and 10, respectively. Mixing time did not seem to have a significant effect on dispersion effectiveness in comparison to the effects of energy dissipation rates and oil-dispersant combinations. The normalized volume distributions of the dispersed oil droplets were tri-modal in both systems, suggesting that multiple mechanisms of droplet formation occurred. The largest droplet mode disappeared from the size distribution in dispersions produced in the baffled flask when the mixing energy was >1.6 × 10−2 J/kg-s. A similar behavior was also observed in the paddle jar for the oil-dispersant combination of HLB 12, but not for HLB 10. Inclusion of a settling period of 20 minutes before collecting sample decreased the dispersion effectiveness in paddle jar but no significant changes were observed in the baffled flask system. The differences observed were due to the differences in the size distributions of the dispersed oil droplets generated in these two systems.

Removal of tungsten oxyanions from industrial wastewater by precipitation, coagulation and flocculation processes

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Plattes ◽  
Alexandre Bertrand ◽  
Bianca Schmitt ◽  
Jean Sinner ◽  
François Verstraeten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation

scholarly journals Studies on the treatment of surface water using rajma seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (s1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
S. Babitha Merlin ◽  
M. Abirami ◽  
R. Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Indiscriminate Disposal ◽  
Surface Water Samples ◽  
By Products ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

Abstract Indiscriminate disposal of wastewater with suspended solids have led to higher amount of pollution to the natural water bodies. Turbidity removal becomes an essential part in the water treatment when surface water is used for drinking purpose, this can be achieved by means of coagulation process. Coagulation process is the dosing of a coagulant in water, resulting in the destabilization of negatively charged particles. Commercial coagulants which were widely used can synthesize by-products in turn may pollute the environment and deteriorate the ecosystem at a slow rate. So, now-a-days natural coagulants are used as a potential substitute because it’s biodegradable, ecofriendly and non-toxic. In this study, the turbid surface water samples were treated using powdered seeds of Rajma (natural coagulant) followed by variations in dosage, settling time and pH were also studied. From the results obtained, it was found that the Rajma seeds powder achieved 48.80% efficiency for 0.5 g/l of optimum dose at pH 6 for 20 min settling time respectively.

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