scholarly journals Efficient Diagnostic Process for Technical Vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Security Levels ◽  
Security Checks ◽  
The Impact

With the development of IT came advances and expansions in major information and communications infrastructure, which have in turn resulted in studies being continuously conducted to analyze the administrative and physical vulnerabilities of the operating institutions. However, such institutions are exposed to the threat of cyber attacks because these studies often exclude technical aspects due to technological difficulty. Furthermore, web services limit their security checks to certain vendors and are therefore unable to identify the exact level of security in place. This paper demonstrates that these limitations, when performing a diagnostic test for technical vulnerability, can impact security levels. Therefore, this paper proposes a process that considers several environmental factors when checking for technical vulnerability in order to minimize the impact on security levels.

The impact of medical scribes on emergency physician diagnostic testing and diagnosis charting

Diagnosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett R. Todd ◽  
Lucas N. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Diagnostic Practices ◽  
Medical Scribes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Ordering

Abstract Objectives Since the widespread adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs), medical scribes have been increasingly utilized in emergency department (ED) settings to offload the documentation burden of emergency physicians (EPs). Scribes have been shown to increase EP productivity and satisfaction; however, little is known about their effects on the EP’s diagnostic process. We aimed to assess what effect, if any, scribes have on EP diagnostic test ordering and their documentation of differential diagnoses. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing a chart review to compare diagnostic practices of EPs working both with and without scribes. We analyzed the number of laboratory and radiologic diagnostic studies ordered per encounter as well as characteristics of differential diagnosis documentation. Results Scribes did not affect laboratory studies ordered per encounter (mean 6.31 by scribes vs. 7.35 by EPs, difference −1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.34 to 0.26) or radiologic studies ordered per encounter (mean 1.49 by scribes vs. 1.39 by EPs, difference 0.10; 95% CI −0.15 to 0.35). Scribes did not affect the frequency of documenting a differential diagnosis or the number of diagnoses considered in each differential, but they were associated with higher word counts in EP differentials (mean 72.29 by scribes vs. 50.00 by EPs, mean difference 22.79; 95% CI 6.77 to 38.81). Conclusions Scribe use does not appear to affect EP diagnostic test ordering but may have a small effect on their documentation of differential diagnoses.

Attributed State Actors

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-137
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Constructive Evolution ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 4 looks at the technical aspects and effects of some attributed and high-profile state-sponsored cyber-attacks that have been encountered through our interaction with the networked world. Coverage also includes a look at the approach of nation-states against commercial companies as well as government institutions to achieve various objectives. The author uses these scenarios to focus attention on the important pillars of cyber security that all have important interrelationships in safeguarding of data and information. Within the context of their implementation, a weakness or series of weaknesses within one or more pillars can be enough to facilitate a cyber-attack. These pillars are underpinned by important factors, and the impact of improper cyber security considerations can be directly and indirectly problematic to continued e-commerce and our constructive evolution of knowledge sharing across the internet.

Assessing the sustainability of the Siberian Federal District regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-908
Author(s):  
T.A. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Analyses

Subject. This article deals with the issues of functioning of the region as a system. Objectives. The article aims to identify the problems of the region's functioning as a system, develop methodological tools to monitor the sustainable development of the Siberian Federal District territories, and determine the the impact of socio-economic and environmental factors on the sustainable development of the region as a whole. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of theoretical, statistical, and empirical analyses taking into account an integrated approach. Results. The article reveals the impact of some individual components of regional development on the sustainability of the territorial system as a whole. Relevance. The results of the study can be used to analyze the sustainability of regions' development.

Directions of Accounting Environmental Factors for Forecasting Formation of Agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
L.Z. Khalishkhova ◽  
◽  
A. Kh. Temrokova ◽  
I.R. Guchapsheva ◽  
K.A. Bogаtyreva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact

Ensuring the sustainable development of agroecosystems requires research into the justification of the impact of environmental factors on the formation of territorial agroecosystems and identifies ways to take them into account in order to justify management decisions and ensure environmental safety. The main goal of the research within the article is to identify the most significant environmental factors in predicting the formation of agroecosystems. Provisions are devoted to the study of the laws governing the functioning of agroecosystems in order to increase their stability. The methods of comparative analysis, generalization, abstraction, logical analysis are applied. A number of provisions are formulated regarding ways to account for the influence of factors on the formation of key elements of agroecosystems.

scholarly journals Network Attack Path Selection and Evaluation Based on Q-Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Runze Wu ◽  
Jinxin Gong ◽  
Weiyue Tong ◽  
Bing Fan
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Attack Model ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Attack Path ◽  
The Impact

As the coupling relationship between information systems and physical power grids is getting closer, various types of cyber attacks have increased the operational risks of a power cyber-physical System (CPS). In order to effectively evaluate this risk, this paper proposed a method of cross-domain propagation analysis of a power CPS risk based on reinforcement learning. First, the Fuzzy Petri Net (FPN) was used to establish an attack model, and Q-Learning was improved through FPN. The attack gain was defined from the attacker’s point of view to obtain the best attack path. On this basis, a quantitative indicator of information-physical cross-domain spreading risk was put forward to analyze the impact of cyber attacks on the real-time operation of the power grid. Finally, the simulation based on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 14 power distribution system verifies the effectiveness of the proposed risk assessment method.

scholarly journals Validity and Cost-Effectiveness of Pediatric Home Respiratory Polygraphy for the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: Rationale, Study Design, and Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Esther Oceja ◽  
Paula Rodríguez ◽  
María Jurado ◽  
Maria Luz Alonso ◽  
Genoveva del Río ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Urine Biomarkers ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Respiratory Polygraphy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a prevalent, albeit largely undiagnosed disease associated with a large spectrum of morbidities. Overnight in-lab polysomnography remains the gold standard diagnostic approach, but is time-consuming, inconvenient, and expensive, and not readily available in many places. Simplified Home Respiratory Polygraphy (HRP) approaches have been proposed to reduce costs and facilitate the diagnostic process. However, evidence supporting the validity of HRP is still scarce, hampering its implementation in routine clinical use. The objectives were: Primary; to establish the diagnostic and therapeutic decision validity of a simplified HRP approach compared to PSG among children at risk of OSA. Secondary: (a) Analyze the cost-effectiveness of the HRP versus in-lab PSG in evaluation and treatment of pediatric OSA; (b) Evaluate the impact of therapeutic interventions based on HRP versus PSG findings six months after treatment using sleep and health parameters and quality of life instruments; (c) Discovery and validity of the urine biomarkers to establish the diagnosis of OSA and changes after treatment.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection: a series of cases from the Federal District, Midwestern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Luise Schulte ◽  
José Diego Brito-Sousa ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Guimarães Lacerda ◽  
Luciana Ansaneli Naves ◽  
Eliana Teles de Gois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Since the novel coronavirus disease outbreak, over 179.7 million people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, including the population living in dengue-endemic regions, particularly Latin America and Southeast Asia, raising concern about the impact of possible co-infections. Methods Thirteen SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection cases reported in Midwestern Brazil between April and September of 2020 are described. Information was gathered from hospital medical records regarding the most relevant clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic process, therapeutic interventions, together with clinician-assessed outcomes and follow-up. Results Of the 13 cases, seven patients presented Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Syndrome and six had pre-existing co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension and hypopituitarism. Two patients were pregnant. The most common symptoms and clinical signs reported at first evaluation were myalgia, fever and dyspnea. In six cases, the initial diagnosis was dengue fever, which delayed the diagnosis of concomitant infections. The most frequently applied therapeutic interventions were antibiotics and analgesics. In total, four patients were hospitalized. None of them were transferred to the intensive care unit or died. Clinical improvement was verified in all patients after a maximum of 21 days. Conclusions The cases reported here highlight the challenges in differential diagnosis and the importance of considering concomitant infections, especially to improve clinical management and possible prevention measures. Failure to consider a SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection may impact both individual and community levels, especially in endemic areas.

scholarly journals GPS Coordinates for Modelling Correlated Herd Effects in Genomic Prediction Models Applied to Hanwoo Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2050
Author(s):  
Beatriz Castro Dias Cuyabano ◽  
Gabriel Rovere ◽  
Dajeong Lim ◽  
Tae Hun Kim ◽  
Hak Kyo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Genomic Breeding ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Korean Cattle ◽  
Evaluation Programs ◽  
The Impact

It is widely known that the environment influences phenotypic expression and that its effects must be accounted for in genetic evaluation programs. The most used method to account for environmental effects is to add herd and contemporary group to the model. Although generally informative, the herd effect treats different farms as independent units. However, if two farms are located physically close to each other, they potentially share correlated environmental factors. We introduce a method to model herd effects that uses the physical distances between farms based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates as a proxy for the correlation matrix of these effects that aims to account for similarities and differences between farms due to environmental factors. A population of Hanwoo Korean cattle was used to evaluate the impact of modelling herd effects as correlated, in comparison to assuming the farms as completely independent units, on the variance components and genomic prediction. The main result was an increase in the reliabilities of the predicted genomic breeding values compared to reliabilities obtained with traditional models (across four traits evaluated, reliabilities of prediction presented increases that ranged from 0.05 ± 0.01 to 0.33 ± 0.03), suggesting that these models may overestimate heritabilities. Although little to no significant gain was obtained in phenotypic prediction, the increased reliability of the predicted genomic breeding values is of practical relevance for genetic evaluation programs.

scholarly journals Are Bacterio- and Phytoplankton Community Compositions Related in Lakes Differing in Their Cyanobacteria Contribution and Physico-Chemical Properties?

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Kokociński ◽  
Dariusz Dziga ◽  
Adam Antosiak ◽  
Janne Soininen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bacteria Communities

Bacterioplankton community composition has become the center of research attention in recent years. Bacteria associated with toxic cyanobacteria blooms have attracted considerable interest. However, little is known about the environmental factors driving the bacteria community, including the impact of invasive cyanobacteria. Therefore, our aim has been to determine the relationships between heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton community composition across 24 Polish lakes with different contributions of cyanobacteria including the invasive species Raphidiopsis raciborskii. This analysis revealed that cyanobacteria were present in 16 lakes, while R. raciborskii occurred in 14 lakes. Our results show that bacteria communities differed between lakes dominated by cyanobacteria and lakes with minor contributions of cyanobacteria but did not differ between lakes with R. raciborskii and other lakes. Physical factors, including water and Secchi depth, were the major drivers of bacteria and phytoplankton community composition. However, in lakes dominated by cyanobacteria, bacterial community composition was also influenced by biotic factors such as the amount of R. raciborskii, chlorophyll-a and total phytoplankton biomass. Thus, our study provides novel evidence on the influence of environmental factors and R. raciborskii on lake bacteria communities.

scholarly journals Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Dolors Vaqué ◽  
Julia A. Boras ◽  
Jesús Maria Arrieta ◽  
Susana Agustí ◽  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Microbial Food Web ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Viral Activity ◽  
The Impact

The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infection. Furthermore, in polar regions, organic and inorganic nutrient inputs from melting ice may increase microbial activity in the SML. Since the role of viruses in the microbial food web of the SML is poorly understood in polar oceans, we aimed to study the impact of viruses on prokaryotic communities in the SML and in the SSW in Arctic and Antarctic waters. We hypothesized that a higher viral activity in the SML than in the SSW in both polar systems would be observed. We measured viral and prokaryote abundances, virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes, heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoflagellate abundance, and environmental factors. In both polar zones, we found small differences in environmental factors between the SML and the SSW. In contrast, despite the adverse effect of wind, viral and prokaryote abundances and virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes were higher in the SML than in the SSW. As a consequence, the higher carbon flux released by lysed cells in the SML than in the SSW would increase the pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and be rapidly used by other prokaryotes to grow (the viral shunt). Thus, our results suggest that viral activity greatly contributes to the functioning of the microbial food web in the SML, which could influence the biogeochemical cycles of the water column.

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