scholarly journals Assessment of Crop Changes in Southern Uzbekistan for Better Crop Allocation and Water Resource Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11513-11516
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Over Time

Economy of Central Asian countries heavily rely on irrigated agriculture. The region is facing challenges with regard to water shortages to meet currently cultivated crop water requirement. Talking about water generally gives a view of food security, climate change and energy efficiency. Scarcity of water leads to better understand the role of water to the environment and its effect to the nature. As water is indispensable part of agriculture, there is always need for positive developments of sustainable water management system in agricultural fields. Improper crop allocation can influence for degradation of land, groundwater level change, as well as food security. Therefore, this study aims to learn crop pattern changes over time which can serve as a basis for better water management in the region. In addition to this, this study covered what is the major changes in irrigated agriculture in terms of crop allocation to understand the crop rotations over time. Freely available satellite data was used for mapping crop classification and their changes for this region. Widely used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) technique was applied to extract information from Landsat raw data. The study was carried out in Karshi Steppe in southern part of Uzbekistan and this region is one of the area that is experiencing challenges on water availability where water resources are mainly pumped from Amudarya River which is located in the lower altitude of the region. Therefore understanding currently cultivated crop types will help to further explore actual crop water requirements which may provide an information on how much water is actually needed and can be lifted with minimum financial costs. They are then can be used in further application to find out Evapotranspiration (ET) of individual crops and help decision makers making better decisions.

scholarly journals Irrigation Optimization Under a Limited Water Supply by the Integration of Modern Approaches into Traditional Water Management on the Cotton Fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 2127
Author(s):  
Polinova ◽  
Salinas ◽  
Bonfante ◽  
Brook
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Red Edge ◽  
Cotton Fields

The ability to effectively develop agriculture with limited water resources is an important strategic objective to face future climate change and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2) of the United Nations. Since new conditions increasingly point to a limited water supply, the aim of modern irrigation management is to be sure to maximize the crop yield and minimize water use. This study aims to explore the advantages of the traditional agronomic approach, agro-hydrological model and field feedback obtained by spectroscopy, to optimize irrigation water management in the example of a cotton field. The study was conducted for two summer growing seasons in 2015 and 2016 in Kibbutz Hazorea, near Haifa, Israel. The irrigation schedule was developed by farmers using weather forecasts and corrected by the results of field inspections. The Soil Water Atmosphere Plant (SWAP) model was applied to optimize seasonal water distribution based on different criteria (critical soil pressure head and allowable daily stress). A new optimization algorithm for irrigation schedules by weather forecasts and vegetation indices was developed and presented in this paper. A few indices related to physical parameters and plant health (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Red Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index 2, and Photochemical Reflectance Index) were considered. Red Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index proves itself as a suitable parameter for monitoring crop state due to its clear-cut response to irrigation treatments and was introduced in the developed algorithm. The performance of the considered irrigation scheduling approaches was assessed by a simulation model application for cotton fields in 2016. The results show, that the irrigation schedule developed by farmers did not compensate for the absence of precipitation in spring, which led to long-term lack of water during crop development. The optimization developed by SWAP allows determining the minimal amount of water which ensures appropriate yield. However, this approach could not take into account the non-linear effect of the lack of water at specific phenological stages on the yield. The new algorithm uses the minimal sufficient seasonal amount of water obtained from SWAP optimization. The approach designed allows one to prevent critical stress in cotton and distribute water in conformity with agronomic practice.

scholarly journals Sugarcane spatial-temporal monitoring and crop coefficient estimation through NDVI

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo B. Alface ◽  
Silvio B. Pereira ◽  
Roberto Filgueiras ◽  
Fernando F. Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Coefficient Estimation ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The use of satellite images as a complement in irrigation management constitutes a primordial basis in the decision-making process for irrigated agriculture. In this context, the present study aimed to monitor through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) an irrigated sugarcane field belonging to the Mafambisse company, located at the District of Nhamatanda/Sofala, Republic of Mozambique, and establish its relationship with the crop coefficient established by FAO (kcFAO) and fit a regression model to estimate crop coefficient (kc) from the relationship between NDVI and kcFAO. The study was conducted using a series of Sentinel-2A/MSI images, relative to the period from October 2016 to October 2017. Based on the NDVI images generated, it was possible to monitor the sugarcane crop in the field and analyse the sensitivity of the index to its vegetative vigor. A similar pattern was observed between kcFAO profiles and NDVI values, which allowed the adjustment to be performed, demonstrating that this index is an alternative to obtain the crop coefficient.

scholarly journals Irrigation Events Detection over Intensively Irrigated Grassland Plots Using Sentinel-1 Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4058
Author(s):  
Hassan Bazzi ◽  
Nicolas Baghdadi ◽  
Ibrahim Fayad ◽  
François Charron ◽  
Mehrez Zribi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Sar Image ◽  
Detection Model

Better management of water consumption and irrigation schedule in irrigated agriculture is essential in order to save water resources, especially at regional scales and under changing climatic conditions. In the context of water management, the aim of this study is to monitor irrigation activities by detecting the irrigation episodes at plot scale using the Sentinel-1 (S1) C-band SAR (synthetic-aperture radar) time series over intensively irrigated grassland plots located in the Crau plain of southeast France. The method consisted of assessing the newly developed irrigation detection model (IDM) at plot scale over the irrigated grassland plots. First, four S1-SAR time series acquired from four different S1-SAR acquisitions (different S1 orbits), each at six-day revisit time, were obtained over the study site. Next, the IDM was applied at each available SAR image from each S1-SAR series to obtain an irrigation indicator at each SAR image (no, low, medium, or high irrigation possibility). Then, the irrigation indicators obtained at each image from each S1-SAR time series (four series) were added and combined by threshold value criteria to determine the existence or absence of an irrigation event. Finally, the performance of the IDM for irrigation detection was assessed by comparing the in situ recorded irrigation events at each plot and the detected irrigation events. The results show that using only the VV polarization, 82.4% of the in situ registered irrigation events are correctly detected with an F_score value reaching 73.8%. Less accuracy is obtained using only the VH polarization, where 79.9% of the in situ irrigation events are correctly detected with an F_score of 72.2%. The combined use of the VV and VH polarization showed that 74.1% of the irrigation events are detected with a higher F_score value of 76.4%. The analysis of the undetected irrigation events revealed that, in the presence of very well-developed vegetation cover (normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI) ≥ 0.8); higher uncertainty in irrigation detection is observed, where 80% of the undetected events correspond to an NDVI value greater than 0.8. The results also showed that small-sized plots encounter more false irrigation detections than large-sized plots certainly because the pixel spacing of S1 data (10 m × 10 m) is not adapted to small size plots. The obtained results prove the efficiency of the S1 C-band data and the IDM for detecting irrigation events at the plot scale, which would help in improving the irrigation water management at large scales especially with availability and global coverage of the S1 product.

scholarly journals Estimation of Crop Water Deficit in Lower Bari Doab, Pakistan Using Reflection-Based Crop Coefficient

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif Javed ◽  
Sajid Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Wakas Karim Awan ◽  
Bilal Ahmed Munir
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Coefficients

There is a global realization in all governmental setups of the need to provoke the efficient appraisal of crop water budgeting in order to manage water resources efficiently. This study aims to use the satellite remote sensing techniques to determine the water deficit in the crop rich Lower Bari Doab Canal (LBDC) command area. Crop classification was performed using multi-temporal NDVI profiles of Landsat-8 imagery by distinguishing the crop cycles based on reflectance curves. The reflectance-based crop coefficients (Kc) were derived by linear regression between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) cycles of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD13Q1 and MYD13Q1 products and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defined crop coefficients. A MODIS 250 m NDVI product of the last 10 years (2004-2013) was used to identify the best performing crop cycle using Fourier filter method. The meteorological parameters including rainfall and temperature substantiated the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) calculated using the Hargreaves method. The difference of potential ET and actual ET, derived from the reflectance-based Kc calculated using reference NDVI and current NDVI, generates the water deficit. Results depict the strong correlation between ET, temperature and rainfall, as the regions having maximum temperature resulted in high ET and low rainfall and vice versa. The derived Kc values were observed to be accurate when compared with the crop calendar. Results revealed maximum water deficit at middle stage of the crops, which were observed to be particularly higher at the tail of the canal command. Moreover, results also depicted that kharif (summer) crops suffer higher deficit in comparison to rabi (winter) crops due to higher ET demand caused by higher temperature. Results of the research can be utilized for rational allocation of canal supplies and guiding farmers towards usage of alternate sources to avoid crop water stress.

scholarly journals Food Production: The Critical Role of Irrigation Water

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Khem Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Conjunctive Use ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Agriculture Intensification

As food need rises, Nepal's reliance on irrigated agriculture does increase. Increased production to satisfy the food demand of the future must essentially come from intensification, not from expansion of agriculture. Intensification potential of irrigated agriculture is much higher than rainfed system. Technologies, professionals and farmers should go together to achieve greater impacts and ensure the country's food security. Key words: Irrigated agriculture, food security, farmer participation, conjunctive use, physical infrastructure, integrated water resource management, Nepal  doi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1918 Hydro Nepal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, July 2008. Page 35-37

scholarly journals Spectral Index-Based Monitoring (2000–2017) in Lowland Forests to Evaluate the Effects of Climate Change

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Kovács ◽  
András Gulácsi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Great Plain ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Water Shortages

In the next decades, climate change will put forests in the Hungarian Great Plain in the Carpathian Basin to the test, e.g., changing seasonal patterns, more intense storms, longer dry periods, and pests are expected to occur. To aid in the decision-making process for the conservation of ecosystems depending on forestry, how woods could adapt to changing meso- and microclimatic conditions in the near future needs to be defined. In addition to trendlike warming processes, calculations show an increase in climate extremes, which need to be monitored in accordance with spatial planning, at least for medium-scale mappings. We can use the MODIS sensor dataset if up-to-date terrestrial conditions and multi-decadal geographical processes are of interest. For geographic evaluations of changes, we used vegetation spectral indices; Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), based on the summer half year, 16-day MODIS data composites between 2000 and 2017 in an intensively forested study area in the Hungarian Great Plain. We delineated forest areas on the Danube–Tisza Interfluve using Corine Land Cover maps (2000, 2006, and 2012). Mid-year changes over the nearly two-decade-long period are currently in balance; however, based on their reactions, forests are highly sensitive to abrupt changes caused by extreme climatic events. The higher occurrence of years or periods with extreme water shortages marks an observable decrease in biomass production, even in shorter index time series, such as that between 2004 and 2012. In the drought-stricken July-August periods, the effect of a dry year, subsequent to years with more precipitation, immediately pushes back the green mass and the reduction in the biomass production could become persistent, according to climatology predictions. The changes of specific sub-periods in the vegetation period can be evaluated even in a relatively short, 18-year data series, including the change in the growing values of the vegetative growth in spring or the increase in the summertime biomass production. Standardized differences highlight spatial differences in the biomass production; in response to years with the highest (negative) biomass difference; typically, the northern and southwestern parts of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve in the study area have longer lasting losses in biomass production. A comparison of NDVI and EVI values with the PaDI drought index and the vegetation indices of LANDSAT Operational Land Imager sensor respectively confirms our results.

scholarly journals Integrating SEBAL with in-Field Crop Water Status Measurement for Precision Irrigation Applications—A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobbo ◽  
Presti ◽  
Martello ◽  
Panunzi ◽  
Berti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Yield Map

The surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) has been demonstrated to provide accurate estimates of crop evapotranspiration (ET) and yield at different spatial scales even under highly heterogeneous conditions. However, validation of the SEBAL using in-field direct and indirect measurements of plant water status is a necessary step before deploying the algorithm as an irrigation scheduling tool. To this end, a study was conducted in a maize field located near the Venice Lagoon area in Italy. The experimental area was irrigated using a 274 m long variable rate irrigation (VRI) system with 25-m sections. Three irrigation management zones (IMZs; high, medium and low irrigation requirement zones) were defined combining soil texture and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Soil moisture sensors were installed in the different IMZs and used to schedule irrigation. In addition, SEBAL-based actual evapotranspiration (ETr) and biomass estimates were calculated throughout the season. VRI management allowed crop water demand to be matched, saving up to 42 mm (−16%) of water when compared to uniform irrigation rates. The high irrigation amounts applied during the growing season to avoid water stress resulted in no significant differences among the IMZs. SEBAL-based biomass estimates agreed with in-season measurements at 72, 105 and 112 days after planting (DAP; r2 = 0.87). Seasonal ET matched the spatial variability observed in the measured yield map at harvest. Moreover, the SEBAL-derived yield map largely agreed with the measured yield map with relative errors of 0.3% among the IMZs and of 1% (0.21 t ha-1) for the whole field. While the FAO method-based stress coefficient (Ks) never dropped below the optimum condition (Ks = 1) for all the IMZs and the uniform zone, SEBAL Ks was sensitive to changes in water status and remained below 1 during most of the growing season. Using SEBAL to capture the daily spatial variation in crop water needs and growth would enable the definition of transient, dynamic IMZs. This allows farmers to apply proper irrigation amounts increasing water use efficiency.

Benefits of Coordinated Water Resource System Planning in the Cauca-Magdalena River Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650034
Author(s):  
Livia Rasche ◽  
Uwe A. Schneider ◽  
Martha Bolívar Lobato ◽  
Ruth Sos Del Diego ◽  
Tobias Stacke
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Water Resource System ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
Coordinated Water

The Magdalena watershed in Colombia is the most densely populated and economically important region in the country. While Colombia is generally classified as a water-rich country, it is expected that water shortages will occur in the future without adequate planning and investments in water management infrastructures. Currently, even though all instruments required for an integrated water resource management are present in Colombia, they are employed independently from each other and thus not very efficient. To estimate the potential benefits of a more coordinated water management planning, especially in consideration of projected changes in water availability and demand in the near future, we developed a constrained welfare maximization model of the watershed (CAMARI). We ran the model with three different scenarios of future water availability, based on RCPs 2.6, 4.5 and 6.0, and with two planning modes: coordinated and uncoordinated. The results show that a coordinated planning of investments in water management infrastructures increases welfare by 2–18% over the next century in the Magdalena river basin, which corresponds to average annual savings from US$ 610 million to US$ 6.4 billion. Benefits increase as water availability decreases. Our results also show that water demand from the agricultural sector is projected to rise in future, which further underlines the necessity for robust governance mechanisms to keep conflicts between sectors to a minimum.

Knowledge, participation and transparency in groundwater management

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sanz ◽  
Alfonso Calera ◽  
Santiago Castaño ◽  
Juan José Gómez-Alday
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Groundwater Management ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Current Water ◽  
And Control

Water in sufficient amounts and quality is essential for meeting both human and ecological needs. Most water used by mankind is destined for agriculture, and demand is steadily growing. Under this pressure, water management faces significant environmental problems. In the case of groundwater, these difficulties are exacerbated by intensive, unregulated exploitation, and the spatial distribution of wells. Challenges to current water management therefore encompass multiple levels (environmental, technological, social, economic, and political), and their solution requires focus and a range of spatial and temporal scales to ensure integrated water resource management. Knowledge, participation and transparency are all crucial to help in conflict prevention and resolution. New challenges require new technologies that can help to resolve them. This paper analyses how the coordinated use of new technologies provides important results to support decision-making in planning and water management in irrigated agriculture. This case study is especially applicable to groundwater management in large areas where conventional planning, monitoring and control methods are extremely expensive and imprecise. The specific case of the Mancha Oriental Aquifer (SE Spain) is examined as it is an area where such conventional methods have proven to be inadequate.

scholarly journals Water Storage for Food Security in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khem Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
River Types ◽  
Development Paradigm

Increasing trend of water scarcity for drinking, irrigation, hydropower generation and other purposes has been a serious challenge for Nepal. As food need rises, the country's reliance on irrigated agriculture increases. The existing run-of-river types of irrigation systems provide little leverage in providing adequate, timely and equitable water supply to the farmers' fields. With the approval of the 2002 Water Resources Strategy, the country is in the process of changing its water development paradigm from sect oral to integrated water resource management. In this context, intensification of agriculture is the most viable option of achieving food security and this requires assured supply of irrigation water which is possible mainly through water storage systems.Key words: Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM); Irrigation; Water storage; Agriculture intensification; NepalDOI: 10.3126/hn.v7i0.4234Hydro Nepal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol 7, July, 2010Page: 35-37Uploaded date: 31 January, 2011

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