scholarly journals Prognosis of Neurological Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5305-5311
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
The Brain

Neurological disorders of the brain are generally difficult to diagnose at the early stages. Since common symptoms like headaches, fatigue or difficulty in speaking and understanding can be related to any neurological disorder. It can be noted that most of the neurological disorders are curable if detected at an early stage. Thus, the life expectancy of the patient will be increased through an early detection and an early start of the curative procedure. An accurate identification of the disorder can be done by processing the MRI images of the patient. While brain disorders like tumor, stroke can be classified with an abnormal growth of the brain tissue., disorders like Alzheimer’s occur due to degeneration of brain cells. Since all the neurological disorders have common symptoms differentiating them at the beginning stages is considered a challenge. A rule based expert system with a set of rules is used for processing the symptom experienced by the patient. Each symptom is associated with a weighting factor that determines the risk to a particular disorder. Once the risk factor is evaluated the MRI images of the patient is scanned to obtain the severity of the disorder. By utilizing an expert system for analysis of symptom and image processing to detect the region of abnormality we may derive accurate results. Thus an effective prognosis can help patients get into the treatment at the earliest.

Prediction of Neurological Disorders Using Visual Saliency

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sreelakshmi S. ◽  
Anoop V. S.
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Visual Saliency ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and most commonly affect middle- or old-age people. Accurate classification and early-stage prediction of such disorders are very crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment. This chapter discusses a new framework that uses image processing techniques for detecting neurological disorders so that clinicians prevent irreversible changes that may occur in the brain. The newly proposed framework ensures reliable and accurate machine learning techniques using visual saliency algorithms to process brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The authors also provide ample hints and dimensions for the researchers interested in using visual saliency features for disease prediction and detection.

Cost of Brain Disorders in Italy – A Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Maura Pugliatti ◽  
Paola Cossu ◽  
Patrik Sobocki ◽  
Ettore Beghi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
European Brain ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
The Brain

Brain disorders represent 35% of the total disease burden in Europe and 37% of the total disease burden in European regions with very low child mortality and low adult mortality; the latter group includes Italy. The negative socioeconomic impact of this burden is reflected in two fundamental issues: consumption of resources and state of health. In recent years, the European Brain Council (EBC), a co-ordinating council formed by European organisations and patient associations in neurological disorders, has encouraged and supported projects aimed at analysing the socioeconomic burden of brain disorders in Europe. Within the EBC, the pan-European study on Cost of Disorders of the Brain in Europe (CDBE) aimed at reporting the best possible estimates of the societal cost of 12 brain disorders (addiction, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, tumours, dementia, epilepsy, migraine and other headaches, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, psychotic disorders, stroke and trauma) based on the existing literature, using an ad hoc cost model. The aggregated results for Italy from the CDBE study are reviewed in this paper.

scholarly journals Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 360 (6395) ◽  
pp. eaap8757 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Verneri Anttila ◽  
Brendan Bulik-Sullivan ◽  
Hilary K. Finucane ◽  
Raymond K. Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Brain

Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.

scholarly journals N-Acetylaspartate Is an Important Brain Osmolyte

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Warepam ◽  
Khurshid Ahmad ◽  
Safikur Rahman ◽  
Hamidur Rahaman ◽  
Kritika Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Protein Stability ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Thermal Denaturation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Most of the human diseases related to various proteopathies are confined to the brain, which leads to the development of various forms of neurological disorders. The human brain consists of several osmolytic compounds, such as N-Acetylaspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (mI), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), creatine (Cr), and choline-containing compounds (Cho). Among these osmolytes, the level of NAA drastically decreases under neurological conditions, and, hence, NAA is considered to be one of the most widely accepted neuronal biomarkers in several human brain disorders. To date, no data are available regarding the effect of NAA on protein stability, and, therefore, the possible effect of NAA under proteopathic conditions has not been fully uncovered. To gain an insight into the effect of NAA on protein stability, thermal denaturation and structural measurements were carried out using two model proteins at different pH values. The results indicate that NAA increases the protein stability with an enhancement of structure formation. We also observed that the stabilizing ability of NAA decreases in a pH-dependent manner. Our study indicates that NAA is an efficient protein stabilizer at a physiological pH.

scholarly journals Sistem Pakar Mendiagnosa Penyakit Saraf Pusat Manusia Dengan Metode Certainty Factor

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nelasari Situmeang ◽  
Sulindawaty Sulindawaty
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Certainty Factor ◽  
Nervous Disease ◽  
Factor Method ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nerve Disease

  Abstract— Central nervous disease is a group of neurological disorders that affect the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord, which collectively form the central nervous system. Society in general there are still many lay people who do not understand nerve health, so many of them ignore the symptoms experienced and may be a symptom of central nervous disease. This may be due to the high cost of consultation, and not to mention doctors who are difficult to find due to time invoices. In various fields the use of technology has developed rapidly, one of which is in the field of health, one of which is the use of expert systems. Expert systems are computer programs that present and reason with the knowledge of several experts to solve problems or provide solutions. The development of technology such as expert systems is of course also supported by methods of diagnosing, such as the Certainty Factor Method. To create an expert system that can help the community in consultation about the central nervous disease experienced by the Expert System to Diagnose Human Central Nerve Disease Using the Certainty Factor Method.

scholarly journals Brain/MINDS Beyond Human Brain MRI Project: A Protocol for Multi-Site Harmonization across Brain Disorders Throughout the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Koike ◽  
Saori C Tanaka ◽  
Tomohisa Okada ◽  
Toshihiko Aso ◽  
Michiko Asano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPsychiatric and neurological disorders are afflictions of the brain that can affect individuals throughout their lifespan. Many brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have been conducted; however, imaging-based biomarkers are not yet well established for diagnostic and therapeutic use. This article describes an outline of the planned study, the Brain/MINDS Beyond human brain MRI project (FY2018 ∼ FY2023), which aims to establish clinically-relevant imaging biomarkers with multi-site harmonization by collecting data from healthy traveling subjects (TS) at 13 research sites. Collection of data in psychiatric and neurological disorders across the lifespan is also scheduled at 13 sites, whereas designing measurement procedures, developing and analyzing neuroimaging protocols, and databasing are done at three research sites. The Harmonization protocol (HARP) was established for five high-quality 3T scanners to obtain multimodal brain images including T1 and T2-weighted, resting state and task functional and diffusion-weighted MRI. Data are preprocessed and analyzed using approaches developed by the Human Connectome Project. Preliminary results in 30 TS demonstrated cortical thickness, myelin, functional connectivity measures are comparable across 5 scanners, providing high reproducibility and sensitivity to subject-specific connectome. A total of 75 TS, as well as patients with various psychiatric and neurological disorders, are scheduled to participate in the project, allowing a mixed model statistical harmonization. The HARP protocols are publicly available online, and all the imaging, demographic and clinical information, harmonizing database will also be made available by 2024. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first project to implement a rigorous, prospective harmonization protocol with multi-site TS data. It explores intractable brain disorders across the lifespan and may help to identify the disease-specific pathophysiology and imaging biomarkers for clinical practice.

scholarly journals Analysis of Shared Heritability in Common Disorders of the Brain

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Anttila ◽  
B Bulik-Sullivan ◽  
H Finucane ◽  
R Walters ◽  
J Bras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDisorders of the brain exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and frequently share symptoms, provoking debate about the extent of their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders based on summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of 215,683 patients and 657,164 controls, and their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders show substantial sharing of common variant risk, while neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another. We observe limited evidence of sharing between neurological and psychiatric disorders, but do identify robust sharing between disorders and several cognitive measures, as well as disorders and personality types. We also performed extensive simulations to explore how power, diagnostic misclassification and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a source of risk for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.

Neurological conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 235-276
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Specialized Area ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Prescribed Medicines ◽  
The Brain ◽  
General Nurse

The nervous system’s central role in all human functions means that neurological disorders often directly impact on other body systems, so the management of neurological conditions is a complex and specialized area of nursing practice. People with neurological disorders will normally be cared for by specialist clinical teams working in neurological or neurosurgical units or spinal centres. However, general adult nurses will come into contact with people who have a collection of symptoms suggesting a neurological disorder, and they are highly likely to encounter people who are living with dementia. It is therefore important that general adult nurses can recognize neurological changes and communicate effectively with people who have disorders of the brain or nervous system. This chapter outlines key facts about neurological conditions which are likely to be useful to the general nurse. These include an overview of conditions, clinical examinations, and key nursing considerations. A summary of frequently prescribed medicines is also presented.

scholarly journals Glutathione in Brain Disorders and Aging

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Igor Y. Iskusnykh ◽  
Anastasia A. Zakharova ◽  
Dhruba Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

Glutathione is a remarkably functional molecule with diverse features, which include being an antioxidant, a regulator of DNA synthesis and repair, a protector of thiol groups in proteins, a stabilizer of cell membranes, and a detoxifier of xenobiotics. Glutathione exists in two states—oxidized and reduced. Under normal physiological conditions of cellular homeostasis, glutathione remains primarily in its reduced form. However, many metabolic pathways involve oxidization of glutathione, resulting in an imbalance in cellular homeostasis. Impairment of glutathione function in the brain is linked to loss of neurons during the aging process or as the result of neurological diseases such as Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease. The exact mechanisms through which glutathione regulates brain metabolism are not well understood. In this review, we will highlight the common signaling cascades that regulate glutathione in neurons and glia, its functions as a neuronal regulator in homeostasis and metabolism, and finally a mechanistic recapitulation of glutathione signaling. Together, these will put glutathione’s role in normal aging and neurological disorders development into perspective.

Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: New Therapeutic Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitríona Long-Smith ◽  
Kenneth J. O'Riordan ◽  
Gerard Clarke ◽  
Catherine Stanton ◽  
Timothy G. Dinan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Traditional Fields ◽  
The Brain

The traditional fields of pharmacology and toxicology are beginning to consider the substantial impact our gut microbiota has on host physiology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is emerging as a particular area of interest and a potential new therapeutic target for effective treatment of central nervous system disorders, in addition to being a potential cause of drug side effects. Microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling can occur via several pathways, including via the immune system, recruitment of host neurochemical signaling, direct enteric nervous system routes and the vagus nerve, and the production of bacterial metabolites. Altered gut microbial profiles have been described in several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Psychobiotics, live biotherapeutics or substances whose beneficial effects on the brain are bacterially mediated, are currently being investigated as direct and/or adjunctive therapies for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and possibly for neurodegenerative disease, and they may emerge as new therapeutic options in the clinical management of brain disorders.

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