scholarly journals TEMPERATURE AND SOME BLOOD TRAITS RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SELENIUM ADDED TO THE BROILER DIET REARED AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-743
Author(s):  
Ali & Al-Hassani
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Temperature Rate ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted at the poultry farm  -Animal Production Department/ College  of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- University of Baghdad, for the period from 2018/8/17 to 2018/9/28, in order to study the effect of adding inorganic and organic selenium to the broiler diets reared at high temperatures in the physiological performance.  A 420 un-sexed chicks of breed (Ross 308) were used in the experiment as a one-day old and with weight rate of 36.4g. The chicks were distributed randomly and equally on 7 treatments, each one included 3 replicates at 20 chicks/replicate. The experiment included the following treatments : T1,T2, and T3 as organic selenium treatments which are selenomethionin with a concentration of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/kg feed, respectively, and T4, T5, and T6 as inorganic selenium treatments in the form of Sodium Selenite compound at a concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/kg feed, respectively, and T7 control treatment without any addition of selenium, while the chicks were bred at a high temperature rate of  22.5 - 43.9 ℃. Organic and inorganic Selenium have not shown a clear effect in reducing body temperature compared to the control treatment, as well as, a high significant decreasing in the blood Hematocrit and Hemoglobin concentration for inorganic Selenium treatments compared to the organic Selenium and control treatments. Finally, The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the cholesterol and glucose levels in blood of organic and inorganic Selenium and control treatments.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID SPRAYING ON YIELD AND IT'S COMPONENTS OF LINSEED CULTIVARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-591
Author(s):  
Mohammed & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Branch Plant ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A field trails was carried out during winter season of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at Field Crops Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadriyah to study the effect of salicylic acid spraying on yield and it's components of linseed cultivars. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged within split plots was used with three replicates. The trail included three salicylic acid concentrations (100, 200 and 300 mg L-1) in addition to control treatment (distilled water spraying) within main plots and three linseed cultivars (Syrian, Egyptian and Iraqi local) within sub plots. The results showed that the Syrian cv. produced the highest number of main branches 7.09 and 7.11 branch plant-1, sub branch 28.45 and 27.10 branch plant-1 and number of capsules 122.39 and 117.89 capsule plant-1, number of seeds 8.63 and 8.45 seed capsule-1, seed yield 1.19 and 1.17 mton ha-1, while the Egyptian cv. gave highest means of 1000 seeds weight 6.83 and 6.54 g for the two seasons, respectively. The results showed that the spraying of salicylic acid at 200 mg L-1 significantly superiored and produced the highest number of main branches 7.10 and 6.82 branch plant-1, sub branch 29.05 and 26.48 branch plant-1, number of capsules 120.48 and 114.54 capsule plant-1, number of seeds 8.44 and 8.26 seed capsule-1 and seed yield 1.19 and 1.15 mton ha-1, for the two seasons, respectively. The interaction between the two factors had significant effect on all studied characters.

CHARACTERISTICS EVALUTION OF FIELD EMERGENCE IN PRIMED SEED OF SORGHUM VARAITIES SALT STRESS CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 332-347
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Final Count ◽  
Field Emergence

An experiment conducted in pots under field conditions in the fall seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, to improve the field emergence in sorghum, in which three factors were studied. 1st factor was the variety (three varieties: Inqath, Rabeh and Buhoth70). 2nd factor was priming treatment (unprimed seed and primed seed soaked for 12 hours in a solution containing 300 + 70 ml L-1 of gibberellic and salicylic acids, respectively). 3rd factor was saline stress (tap water as control (1.26), 6, 9 and 12 dS m-1). RCBD design was used with four replicates. The results showed that Buhoth70 cultivar exceeded the others; also the primed seed exceeded the unprimed seed in the traits of the first and final count of emergence, daily emergence rate, emergence energy, emergence rate index and emergence index in both seasons. The control treatment was superior in the above traits, while the values of these traits decreased as the saline increased, and no emergence accrued at the highest concentration (12 dS m-1) in both seasons. The cultivars varied in their ability to withstand salt stress at the same stress level, and that the seed priming treatment has improved their performance to withstand salt stress compared to the unprimed in both seasons. It can conclude that there is a role for genotype and seed priming in improving seedling performance to tolerate salt stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Selenium on Laying Performance, Selenium Absorption and Utilization, Antioxidant Activity and Immunity in Laying Hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
Weixian Zhang ◽  
◽  
Chunmei Pan ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Li Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Valuable Product

To study on influences of organic selenium on laying performance, Se absorption and utilization, immunity and antioxidant activity, 400（laying rates 85%）hens during the period of 43-week were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 homogeneous treatments： (control treatment，no added Se feed; Na selenite, 0.3 mg Se/kg; yeast selenium, 0.3 mg Se/kg and DL-methionine selenium 0.3 mg Se/kg). Every treatment had 10 replicates, every replicate had 5 hencoops and every hencoop had 2 hens. We hypothesized that organic selenium was better than inorganic selenium, and DL-selenium had advantages over them of yeast selenium in some ways for laying hens. The experiment lasted for 77 d, with the first 7 d for adaptation. Egg production, laying rates and dry matter intake were recorded every day. And Se contents of serum, whole eggs, heart and liver, blood antioxidant and immunity index were analyzed in the 78th d of the study. The results showed Se sources had no significant effects on laying performance and eggs qualities （ P ＞ 0.05 ）, except for the groups of organic selenium increased egg mass or had trends of increasing laying rates compared with the groups of control and inorganic selenium in the tenth week significantly respectively（P﹤0.05 or P=0.07, P=0.06 and P=0.08）. The groups of organic selenium had increased the contents of Se in serum, whole eggs, heart and liver very significantly（P﹤0.01）；and increased glutathione peroxidase activity and antioxidant capacity significantly（P﹤0.05）. At same time, the groups of organic selenium had increased significantly or had trends to increase the immunoglobulin G in serum（P ﹤0.05 or P=0.05）. In a word, adding organic selenium in diets could improve laying performance, strengthen Se absorption and utilizations, antioxidant capacity and immunity of laying hens to the extent in a longer experiment. And the effects of DL-selenium had advantages over them of yeast selenium in some ways. It implicated that DL-selenium was benefited to production of laying hens and selenium-enriched eggs. Key words： Selenium；Laying performance; Absorption and utilization；Antioxidant activity; Immunity Summary text: Selenium is an essential mineral not only for animal nutrition, but also for humans’ nutrition. Organic selenium had more advantages in improvement of laying performance, Se absorption and utilizations, antioxidant capacity and immunity of laying hens. Especially, DL-selenium was a valuable product, which was benefits to improve production of laying hens and develop functional food, selenium-enriched eggs.

The Artificial Pancreas in Cyborg Bodies

2020 ◽  
pp. 412-430
Author(s):  
Anthony Ryan Hatch ◽  
Julia T. Gordon ◽  
Sonya R. Sternlieb
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Infusion Pump ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Loop Design ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
And Control

The new artificial pancreas system includes a body-attached blood glucose sensor that tracks glucose levels, a worn insulin infusion pump that communicates with the sensor, and features new software that integrates the two systems. The artificial pancreas is purportedly revolutionary because of its closed-loop design, which means that the machine can give insulin without direct patient intervention. It can read a blood sugar and administer insulin based on an algorithm. But, the hardware for the corporate artificial pancreas is expensive and its software code is closed-access. Yet, well-educated, tech-savvy diabetics have been fashioning their own fully automated do-it-yourself (DIY) artificial pancreases for years, relying on small-scale manufacturing, open-source software, and inventive repurposing of corporate hardware. In this chapter, we trace the corporate and DIY artificial pancreases as they grapple with issues of design and accessibility in a content where not everyone can become a diabetic cyborg. The corporate artificial pancreas offers the cyborg low levels of agency and no ownership and control over his or her own data; it also requires access to health insurance in order to procure and use the technology. The DIY artificial pancreas offers patients a more robust of agency but also requires high levels of intellectual capital to hack the devices and make the system work safely. We argue that efforts to increase agency, radically democratize biotechnology, and expand information ownership in the DIY movement are characterized by ideologies and social inequalities that also define corporate pathways.

scholarly journals Analysis of Bioavailability and Induction of Glutathione Peroxidase by Dietary Nanoelemental, Organic and Inorganic Selenium

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Mitchell T. Ringuet ◽  
Billie Hunne ◽  
Markus Lenz ◽  
David M. Bravo ◽  
John B. Furness
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Enzymatic Assays ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Antioxidant Protein ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Gpx Activity

Dietary organic selenium (Se) is commonly utilized to increase formation of selenoproteins, including the major antioxidant protein, glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Inorganic Se salts, such as sodium selenite, are also incorporated into selenoproteins, and there is evidence that nanoelemental Se added to the diet may also be effective. We conducted two trials, the first investigated inorganic Se (selenite), organic Se (L-selenomethionine) and nanoelemental Se, in conventional mice. Their bioavailability and effectiveness to increase GPx activity were examined. The second trial focused on determining the mechanism by which dietary Se is incorporated into tissue, utilising both conventional and germ-free (GF) mice. Mice were fed a diet with minimal Se, 0.018 parts per million (ppm), and diets with Se supplementation, to achieve 0.07, 0.15, 0.3 and 1.7 ppm Se, for 5 weeks (first trial). Mass spectrometry, Western blotting and enzymatic assays were used to investigate bioavailability, protein levels and GPx activity in fresh frozen tissue (liver, ileum, plasma, muscle and feces) from the Se fed animals. Inorganic, organic and nanoelemental Se were all effectively incorporated into tissues. The high Se diet (1.7 ppm) resulted in the highest Se levels in all tissues and plasma, independent of the Se source. Interestingly, despite being ~11 to ~25 times less concentrated than the high Se, the lower Se diets (0.07; 0.15) resulted in comparably high Se levels in liver, ileum and plasma for all Se sources. GPx protein levels and enzyme activity were significantly increased by each diet, relative to control. We hypothesised that bacteria may be a vector for the conversion of nanoelemental Se, perhaps in exchange for S in sulphate metabolising bacteria. We therefore investigated Se incorporation from low sulphate diets and in GF mice. All forms of selenium were bioavailable and similarly significantly increased the antioxidant capability of GPx in the intestine and liver of GF mice and mice with sulphate free diets. Se from nanoelemental Se resulted in similar tissue levels to inorganic and organic sources in germ free mice. Thus, endogenous mechanisms, not dependent on bacteria, reduce nanoelemental Se to the metabolite selenide that is then converted to selenophosphate, synthesised to selenocysteine, and incorporated into selenoproteins. In particular, the similar efficacy of nanoelemental Se in comparison to organic Se in both trials is important in the view of the currently limited cheap sources of Se.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilisers and farmyard manure on grain and straw yield, quality and economical parameters of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Milan Vach ◽  
Zdeněk Abrhám ◽  
Ladislav Mensik ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Technology And Economy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technological Methods

In the years 2011–2014, winter wheat grain yield, qualitative and economic parameters were evaluated according to different fertiliser treatments: (1) control: unfertilised treatment; (2) farmyard manure (FYM) and (3) FYM + NPK (farmyard manure applied together with mineral NPK). The highest yields (8.10 t/ha) were recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment, while significantly lower yields (6.20 t/ha and 5.73 t/ha) were recorded in FYM and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, statistically significantly higher values of the quality parameters were found in the FYM + NPK treatment (13.55% of crude protein content and 43.56 mL of Zeleny’s sedimentation test), compared to control (10% and 22.44 mL, respectively). The modelling expert system (AGROTEKIS-Crop Technology and Economy) was used for the evaluation of economy. This software is based on technological methods of cultivation and norms of material input costs and costs of individual mechanised works. The economic benefits and profitability were evaluated for three different levels of grain market price. The highest gross profit per ha was recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment. According to the gross profit, the control treatment provided better results than the FYM treatment.

Aim: To determine the efficacy of health beliefs model –based intervention in changing the belief related to substance use among university student in Mosul city-Iraq.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkan Bahlol Naji ◽  
Nasir Muwfaq Younis
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
University Student ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
And Control

Abstract Aim: To determine the efficacy of health beliefs model –based intervention in changing the belief related to substance use among university student in Mosul city-Iraq. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: A probability (simple random sample) of (N=80) undergraduate student in different specialties would be selected. The study sample will be recruited from (4) colleges in the University of Mosul's Engineering, Sciences, Medicine and Education Colleges. The sample will be randomly assigned into experimental and control groups of (40) undergraduate student for each group. Such chosen is employed of pool of topics that have the criteria contain students who have using on (Smoking, Hookah, Drug abuse and Alcohol).For during from 25of October / 2019 till 1 of February/2021. Data is analyzed using the "Statistical Package for Social Science" (SPSS) software for Windows (V:26). Results: This finding indicated that before the intervention, mean scores for all concepts of HBM, add to Motivation, Control, and behaviors intensions of students they were almost equal. However, after the intervention were significantly different in the study group, while it was not significant in the control group. Conclusion:This study concluded that designing an HBM-based study could affect students' understanding and their behaviors in the field of substance abuse. Considering the positive correlation between construct of HBM, particularly in "perceived benefits and perceived severity" related to students’ beliefs. These beliefs implied a significant correlation with each other and with the attention to the prevention of addiction.

Effect of Ethephon and Packaging Practices On Ripening of Mango cv. Maldah

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
S Sapkota ◽  
D Kc ◽  
H Giri ◽  
M Saud ◽  
M Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Juice Content

The present research was conducted on two factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of postharvest ethephon treatment and packaging on ripening of mango cv. Maldah. The treatments consisted of ripening agent i.e., ethephon and control treatment under different packaging condition i.e., fiber with hole, fiber without hole, plastic with hole and plastic without hole. The result revealed that different packaging condition and ripening agents influenced the ripening behavior of mango. The highest TSS (15.26), sugar-acid ratio (23.66) and juice content (126.05) were recorded with fiber (without hole) and the lowest TSS (12.60), sugar-acid ratio (9.01) and juice content (116.05) with plastic (without hole). The highest TA (1.44) was recorded with plastic (without hole) and the lowest (0.66) with fiber (without hole). Similarly, the highest BT (2.83) was recorded with fiber (with hole) and the lowest (1.66) with plastic (without hole). Firmness, sweetness, TSS and juice content were the highest with the interaction effect of fiber bag (without hole) and ethephon treatment. In conclusion, mango fruits with ethephon treatment packed in fiber bag (without hole) enhances quality and ripening of mango whereas under controlled condition and without hole plastic packaging mangoes had low quality performance in terms of physio-chemical properties. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 155-163 (2021)

scholarly journals Frequency in the supply of Lactobacillus influence its probiotic effect for yellow tail lambari

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Jatobá ◽  
Klayton Natan Moraes ◽  
Emanuel Fernandes Rodrigues ◽  
Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽  
Marina Oliveira Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Probiotic Effect

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to evaluate the changes in intestinal tract microbiota, hematological parameters and zootechnical indexes of yellowtail lambaris (Astyanax bimaculatus) fed with different probiotic supply frequencies (Lactobacillus spp.). Lambaris (1,200) were distributed in twelve boxes, divided in three treatments, 100% supply; 25% and 0% (control) of feeds supplemented with probiotic. After 87 days, fish fed with supplemented diet, regardless of frequency (100% and 25%), showed an increase in the total lactic acid bacteria count of 7.99±0.15 log CFU mL-1 and 7.04±1, 29 log UFC mL-¹ respectively, in the intestinal tract and decrease of Pseudomonas spp. in both 100% and 25% (4.09±0.84log UFC mL-1 and 4.00±1.12log UFC mL-1, respectively) in relation to the control treatment (6.74±1.04log UFC mL-1). Fish fed with 100% of diets supplemented with probiotics had a higher leukocyte count (47.7±6.7x103μL-1), lymphocytes (36.0±2.6x103μL1), monocytes (12.0±4.2x103μl-1), as well as higher mean final weight (10.60±0.89g) and weekly growth rate (0.80±0.08g.week-1) than the other treatments (25% of probiotic offered and control). Probiotic (Lactobacillus spp.) offered in 25% of feeds (or more) alters the yellowtail lambari microbiota (A. bimaculatus); however, must be offer in 100% of feeds to improve the hematology profile and productive performance.

scholarly journals Implications of Aerobic Exercises and Walking Parallel to Diabetes Medications on Diabetic Sportspersons

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Fehmida Ayub ◽  
Abida Naseer ◽  
Saeed Javed ◽  
Adnan Asghar ◽  
Abd Rahim Mohd Shariff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: Diabetes have a central contribution with type I or type II towards the healthy lifestyles of sportspersons. Aerobic exercise and daily walking stay them fit and control their glucose levels in their bloodstream. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of aerobic exercises and walk on the sportspersons of type I and II diabetes. Methodology: The existing research has experimental design itself wherein pre-tests and post-tests were employed to make sure the novelty of results. The data was collected from the diabetic sportspersons dividing them equally into control group (N-20) and experimental group (N-20). Both groups had type I (N-20) and type II (N-20) diabetic individuals. Aerobic exercise and walk protocol was applied for six weeks on experimental group, whereas, control group continued their routine activities. Afterwards, the data was collected through pre and post treatments and edited into SPSS (v-26). The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages, whereas, T-test was applied to make the differences of pre and post treatments. Results: The findings has shown that aerobic exercises and walk decrease the higher levels of glucose in blood and enable to stable glycemic balance, weight loss maintenance, decrease insulin resistance, blood pressure decrease, and blood glucose control. Conclusion: The prominent differences were observed between control and experimental groups either type I or type II. It was concluded that the sportspersons may reduce the excessive glucose engaging in aerobic exercises and walk on daily basis rather than using medications. They should spend their happy lives and get rid of medications and insulin through spending their spare time using light exercises and maintain their glucose levels in blood as well.

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