scholarly journals RECENT CASES OF DIPHTHERIA IN A METROPOLITAN CITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mrudul Randive ◽  
Ankita Mohanty ◽  
Sujata Baveja
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Corynebacterium Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Total Female ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Disease Hospital

Introduction: Diphtheria is an acute, highly infectious and previously endemic disease. Due to the vaccine preventable nature of the disease and initial steady decline, not much attention had been given towards this disease. Recent increase in the number of clinically suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of diphtheria have been observed in our laboratory. Aims and objectives: To study the status of resurgence of the disease in a tertiary care hospital of Mumbai. Materials and methods: 76 throat swabs and 1 slough material from 57 clinically suspected cases of diphtheria over a period of one and a half year from July 2018 to December 2019 were obtained and were processed for microscopy and culture for Corynebacterium species by standard microbiological techniques. Results: Eighteen (23.37%) out of 77 samples yielded Corynebacterium species on culture. Out of 57 suspected patients, 11 were culture confirmed diphtheria (19.29%). None of the patients were less than 5 years of age, 55% were between 5 and 9 years and 45% were above 10 years of age with a total female preponderance of 64%. The immunization status was unclear in 27% cases. All the smear and/or culture positive cases were informed immediately to the clinicians so that the patients could be transferred to the Infectious disease hospital for further management. Conclusion: The study has shown an increase in the number of Diphtheria cases in a metropolitan city, which is a cause of concern in healthcare. There is also a shift in age to older children (> 5 years). The study also highlights the need for confirmation of toxin production to facilitate early information to the treating clinicians.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN PATIENTS ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

Background: The present study was conducted to know the status of ADRs caused due to the first line ART in the ART center of SMS Hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan. This study would be beneficial to the HIV infected patients, with the ultimate goal of improving the tolerability and effectiveness of HIV treatment by promoting the early recognition of potentially serious adverse effects. Methods: Hospital based Prospective, Observational study conducted after approval by research review board and ethics committee SMS Medical College Jaipur (Rajasthan). WHO definition of ADR was used (any response to a medicine which is noxious and unintended and which occurs at doses normally used in man). The detail of ADRs collected including suspected drug involved, treatment given for ADRs and outcome. Results: Majority of ADRs were related to central and peripheral nervous system related 55 (47%) followed by gastro intestinal 28 (23.9%), dermatological 15 (12.8%), musculoskeletal 9 (7.7%) and metabolic 5 (4.3%). Conclusion: Majority of ADRs were related to central and peripheral nervous system related followed by gastro intestinal. Keywords: ADRs, HIV, WHO.

scholarly journals Prevalence and the risk factors for the carriage of beta-haemolytic streptococci among women visiting a tertiary care hospital in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Pendru Raghunath ◽  
LN Rao Sadanand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group B

Streptococci are gram positive cocci arranged in chains and are part of normal flora of humans and animals. The present study is carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for the carriage of beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) among women visiting Dr. VRK Women’s Teaching Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad. Vaginal swabs were collected from 250 patients attending outpatient department (OPD) of Dr. VRK Women’s Teaching hospital. Swabs were inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar plates and incubated for 24 h at 37°C in a candle jar. BHS isolates were phenotypically identified by standard microbiological techniques, all the isolates presumptively identified as BHS were tested for Bacitracin susceptibility. Sensitive isolates were presumptively identified as GAS and resistant isolates were identified as non-group A BHS (NGABHS). Presumptively identified GAS & NGABHS isolates were serogrouped by Lancefield grouping using a commercially available latex agglutination test. BHS were isolated from 12.4% of samples. As many as 12 BHS isolates were identified as GAS and 19 were identified as NGABHS. Ten of nineteen were identified as group B (GBS), 4 (12.9%) were identified as group C (GCS) and 5 (16.12%) were identified as group G (GGS). Among six clinical groups, the prevalence of GAS is highest i.e. 7.5% in female patients visiting Gynaecology OPD with history of white discharge. Prevalence of NGABHS was more among post insertion (18%) IUCD group compared to pre insertion (8%) IUCD group. GBS were isolated from 7% of samples from IUCD group and 4% of samples from prostitutes.This study reports the prevalence of BHS among women visiting a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad. This study also identified certain risk factors such as IUCD usage and working as a FSW are associated with the increased prevalence of NGABHS especially GBS.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile of neonatal and pediatrics sepsis in intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in western India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Shrivastava ◽  
Prema Ram Choudhary ◽  
Santosh Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Western India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Bacteriological Profile

Background: Neonatal and pediatrics sepsis are one of the main causes of mortality in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units of developing countries. This study was conducted to determine bacteriological profile of neonatal and pediatrics sepsis in the intensive care unit. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit, for the period of two years. All 400 neonates and pediatrics patients admitted with suspected clinical sepsis were included. Sepsis screens and cultures were sent under aseptic conditions. Isolation of microorganisms and their identification was done according to standard microbiological techniques bacteriological profile was analyzed with descriptive statistics.Results: Incidence of septicemia is 35.34% in neonates, 9.83% in post neonates and 22.95% in older children. Most common associated factor in neonates were preterm 41.46% in neonates, fever of unknown origin 50% and 78.57% in post neonates and children respectively. Out of 232 suspected cases on neonates in 36.07% cases bacterial pathogen were isolated, 62 suspected cases on post neonates in 9.83% cases bacterial were isolated and 106 suspected cases of older children in 22.95% cases bacterial pathogen were isolated. Common bacterial species isolated were Klebsiella sp. 39.02% in neonates, S. aureus 50% and 35.71% in post neonates and older children respectively.Conclusions: There is entail prevention of infection control measures and rational antibiotic strategy to decrease the economic burden of hospital and community. 

scholarly journals A clinical and demographic profile of the cleft lip and palate in Sub-Himalayan India: A hospital-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Dvivedi ◽  
Sanjay Dvivedi
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Objectives: To study the cleft lip and cleft palate in the poverty stricken Sub-Himalayan Garhwal region of India, being a commonly seen congenital abnormality and scarcity of studies about the demography of cleft in this region. Design: A prospective cohort observational case series was performed on 4657 cleft patients at a Tertiary care Hospital in Dehradun, India, over a period of 5 years. Outcome measures: The authors investigated the differences between age and sex with cleft status and family history of clefts, birth order, religion, socioeconomic status, parent literacy, source of information for treatment, haematological investigations showing the status of infection and coagulation in such children and satisfaction after treatment. Results: Seventy-two percent parents of cleft lip patients were illiterate, and only 8% were graduates, the majority of patients were from the low socioeconomic class. The siblings of 1.1% of the cleft patients had similar deformity. Anemia was seen in 83.16% cases which was commonly microcytic hypochromic type and eosinophilia was seen in 25.50% of cases. In the coagulation profile, International Nationalized Ratio was found to be raised in 52.12%. Almost 95% of the families were fully satisfied by the treatment and results. Conclusion: This study will provide baseline information on the status of these less privileged cleft patients in this mountainous region for future reference to health workers.

scholarly journals Type 1 tympanoplasty: does the status of contralateral ear affect the outcome?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Arindam Das ◽  
Sandipta Mitra ◽  
Debasish Ghosh ◽  
Arunabha Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type 1 Tympanoplasty ◽  
The Status ◽  
Contralateral Ear

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of contralateral ear status on the success rate (anatomical closure) of type 1 tympanoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study is a prospective observational study comprising of 60 patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media, who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty during 2016-2018 in a tertiary care hospital.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, contralateral ear was normal in 40 (66.7%) cases &amp; diseased in 20 (33.3%) cases. Success rate of type 1 tympanoplasty in patients with normal contralateral ear was 90% (n=36) but success rate was only 60% (n=12) in diseased contralateral ear. This was statistically significant (p=0.006).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study revealed that the status of the opposite ear is an individual prognostic factor for type 1 tympanoplasty. In other words, graft-healing rates are poorer in individuals whose opposite ears are atelectatic or perforated because of chronic otitis media.</p>

scholarly journals The outcome of resurgence of diphtheria in older children in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Sachin K. R. ◽  
Ramesh H. ◽  
Sachin K. G. ◽  
Siddharth E. S.
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
Developed Nations

Background: Diphtheria is a fatal bacterial infection which affects the mucous membranes of oropharyngeal and nasal cavity, caused by aerobic gram-positive bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. With the advent of universal immunization against diphtheria the incidence of this infectious disease has declined dramatically with few developed nations having eradicated the disease. No large outbreaks have been reported in India in recent times.Methods: In present study, authors reviewed an outbreak of diphtheria in Davangere between the months of June 2017 and July 2018. Case records of children suspected to have diphtheria, admitted to hospitals affiliated to JJM Medical College, Davangere were retrospectively analysed.Results: 15 cases were suspected to have diphtheria on clinical examination. The mean age of presentation was 7.5 years. Fever, sore throat, difficulty in swallowing, neck swelling and patch in oral cavity were the common signs and symptoms. Airway compromise, myocarditis and neurological complications were noted. Antidiphtheritic serum (ADS) was tried in all 15 cases. Case fatality rate was 40%.Conclusions: Diphtheria is a resurgent problem in India. Prompt identification and early appropriate treatment is essential to prevent morbidity and mortality. Strict adherence to the national immunisation schedule should also be emphasized.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Dharm Raj Bhatta ◽  
Abhijit Adhikari ◽  
Jampa Lhamo Gurung ◽  
Niroj Man Amatya ◽  
Niranjan Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Microbiological Techniques

Introduction: Surgical site infections are one of the most commonly reported nosocomial infections resulting into significant morbidity and mortality. Hospital admission and surgical procedures increase the risk of infection with multidrug resistant pathogens. This study was aimed to determine the bacterial agents associated with surgical site infections and antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates. Methods: A total of 161 specimens from patients with surgical site infections were included in this study. Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by standard microbiological techniques. Results: Out of 161 samples, 94 bacterial isolates were recovered. Gram positive bacteria were isolated in 57.4% (54/94) cases and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism (49/54) with 65.3% (32/49) methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. Gram negative bacteria constituted 42.6% (40/94) of total isolates and Escherichia coli was the commonest organism (13/40). Majority of Gram negative isolates were susceptible to amikacin, imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam. Resistance to imipenem was detected among isolates of E coli, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Conclusion: Gram positive isolates were more commonly associated with surgical site infections. High percentage of MRSA was detected among the S. aureus isolates but no vancomycin resistant S. aureus. High percentage of Gram negative isolates was susceptible to imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin and gentimicin.

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