scholarly journals Care and Support for the Aged among the Esan of South-South Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friday Asiazobor Eboiyehi ◽  
Ifeanyi C. Onwuzuruigbo
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Care And Support

The extended family system is an important ingredient for care and support for the aged in traditional African society. Although this mechanism is gradually being eroded, there is no formal social security apparatus to fill the gap. This study therefore examined the nature of care and support system for the aged and the coping strategies among the Esan of South-South Nigeria through the qualitative method. Esan-Central and Esan-West LGAs were purposely selected for the study and three communities were chosen in each of the LGAs. A total of 32 IDIs and 8 FGDs were conducted among men and women aged 60 years and above. The results are indicative of diminishing extended family ties and increasing social distance between aged parents and adult children. This tendency is associated with age-selective rural-urban migration and emerging nuclear family structure that has impacted negatively on care and support provided for the aged. This change is also linked to social changes towards westernization and coping strategies associated with decline in real income of caregivers as a result of downturn in the Nigerian economy. The aged adopt various coping strategies which include working as night guards, engageing in petty trading, dependence on pension and some support from church members and adult children. The paper concludes that care and support is diminishing among the Esan and suggests re-awakening of the extended family social security system. This may be carried out within the framework of a creative multi-track social policy intervention that will involve government, civil society and private sector partnership.

Suicide in Later Life in Japan: Urban and Rural Differences

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Watanabe ◽  
Kazuo Hasegawa ◽  
Yoko Yoshinaga
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Significant Public Health

It is estimated that in the year 2020, approximately 25% of the Japanese population will be over 65 years of age. Moreover, suicide is a significant public health problem in Japan, where more than 6,000 elders take their lives each year. The authors compare late-life suicide in urban Kawasaki with suicide among the elderly in rural Higashikubiki over a 12-year period, from 1979 through 1990. The suicide rates in Kawasaki were lower than for Japanese elders as a whole, whereas those in rural Higashikubiki were extraordinarily high. The most frequent method used in both areas was hanging, and none of the victims died of gunshot wounds. In Higashikubiki, almost two thirds of victims lived in a three-generation family and none lived alone. The change of the family system from the traditional extended family to the nuclear family is accelerating, especially in rural areas. The authors suggest that the greatly elevated suicide rates among the elderly in Higashikubiki, and in rural regions of Japan more generally, result from these rapidly occurring changes in traditional social structure.

scholarly journals Association of Levels of Anxiety in Resident Doctors with Factors related to the Postgraduate Training in Teaching Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Sehrish Zehra ◽  
Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Hydrie ◽  
Samira Faiz ◽  
Farhan Muhammad Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Objective: To assess level of anxiety, its associated factors and coping strategies in postgraduate trainees of public and private teaching hospitals of Karachi Study Design and Setting: It was a cross-sectional study. The data was collected from different major teaching hospitals February 2019 till April Methodology: A total of 230 postgraduate trainees were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire specifically designed for this study which included General Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale and Brief COPE Questionnaire. Data were analyzed on SPSS version 21. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression was performed and P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant Results: Total 39.6% of the participants had no anxiety, 34.3% had mild, 16.1% had moderate while 10.0% had severe anxiety. Being single, nuclear family system and low monthly household income had higher odds of having severe anxiety (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR); 5.50, 95% CI 1.38,22.14, AOR; 2.50, 95% CI 0.83,7.51 and AOR; 3.17, 95% CI 0.96,10.49 respectively). Severe anxiety was also highly associated with irregular sleep pattern (AOR; 2.06, 95% CI 0.70, 6.06), no daily exercise (AOR; 5.01, 95% CI 1.21, 2.69) and lack of job satisfaction (AOR; 2.64, 95% CI 0.90, 7.90). The most frequently adapted coping strategies by participants who were found to have anxiety were, planning (89.9%), acceptance (87%) and religion (85.6%). Conclusion: Postgraduate trainees should be provided with psychological counseling and support at workplace to keep them mentally healthy to enhance their everyday performance in dealing and treating patients

scholarly journals Changing Trends of Divorce in India: Issues & Concerns

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Pinto Vincent ◽  
Laveena D’Mello
Keyword(s):  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Personal Welfare

Few years ago, divorce was considered as one of the rare social phenomena in the Indian context. As the society started taking a new shape due to modernization and technological advancement, the rigid boundaries governing traditional Indian life began to replace with the new outlook as well as lifestyle. It gave a momentum when women took up employment that increased the incompatibility of gender because of the change in the position of women. Further, changing demographic contexts from rural lifestyle to city or metros,shift from extended family system to nuclear family, selection of spouse in contrary to arranged marriage are the features of changed scenario in India. In a modern society, dissolution of marriage derives from the idea that living an independent life is better than keeping marriages in terms of personal welfare. This article draws on the issues and concerns of marriages due to the changing scenario in socio-cultural life, technological outburst through social media and other forms media, influence of west, etc that has challenged the durability of the marriages in India. The aim of this study is to examine the recent trends on divorce. And the objectives are to know the socio-cultural factors that influence on the divorce rates and to suggest possible strategies for reducing or solve the problems of divorce in the family. 50 male and 50 female respondents studied in detail in this research study.

Challenges of contemporary social work in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family System ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Social Work Interventions ◽  
General Society

Social work is practiced all over the world with the primary aim of helping individuals and improving the welfare of the general society. Ghana is a multi-ethnic society with a multitude of different cultural practices that may affect social work interventions (implementation by practitioners and clients’ response). The main goal of this paper is to show how indigenous cultural practices in Ghana shape the way of supporting children, older people, people living with physical disabilities and mental health disorders, and the socially excluded. This paper relies on available literature and the first-hand account of the author. The extended family system where parenting, kinship, and identity includes the nuclear family as well as grand-parents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and in-laws is prominent in Ghana, especially in rural areas. The positive aspect of this system as shown in this paper shows the merits in a collectivist approach to social welfare. However, some aspects of local cultural practices are shown to limit how vulnerable people have access to needed help. The article indicates the need to prepare social workers in such a way that their practice is adjusted to respond to local cultural practices in order to ensure more people have access to help and reduce the potential of rejection by people in local communities. It also contributes to the discussion on the merits of indigenization of social work.

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Family Roles and Attachment Styles Among Adult Children of Alcoholic Fathers in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Ivan Suneel ◽  
Elizabeth Schwaiger Suneel ◽  
Sarah Anthoney
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Specific Attachment ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Chisquare Test ◽  
Age Range

Studies suggest that alcoholism is on the rise around the world, with many individuals facing the damaging consequences of this affliction. Children of Alcoholics (COAs) deal with several psychosocial issues that manifest themselves in the forms of defense mechanisms, or roles which affect their attachment styles and personal relationships. Purposive sampling was used on 398 participants (201 males, 197 females). The first one was for the participants (18 to 25 age range, the minimum level of education: tenth grade). The second was the fathers of the adult children, admitted in rehabilitation for alcoholism. The third foundation for setting the criteria was the family (a nuclear family system and has at least three siblings). A chisquare test for independence was significant [x2 (8, N = 398) = 433.551, p < .001], indicating that adult COAs with specific attachment styles are prone to take on certain roles within the family.

From Kinship to Consumerism

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-186
Author(s):  
Lise Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Suburban Communities ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Working Class Women

This chapter examines the intellectual context for the Consumers’ Association, which Young operated from the headquarters of the Institute of Community Studies from 1956 onwards, and the way in which Young, Townsend, and other members of the Institute of Community Studies grappled with the social changes associated with increased affluence such as suburbanization and increasing identification with the middle class. It argues that Young’s concern with consumerism was informed by ethical concerns about quality of life, and challenges conceptual divisions between the Labour ‘revisionist’ tradition concerned with distributive questions and the more humanistic or ethical socialism associated with Young and other left-wing sociologists. Drawing on the Institute of Community Studies’ work on suburban communities in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and Young’s sociology lectures at Cambridge delivered between 1961 and 1963, I show that Young’s consumerism derived from his evolving view of the family. While Young had argued that the extended family had represented an important site of mutual aid and solidarity for working-class women in industrial society, he now suggested that suburbanization and affluence had returned the nuclear family to a position of social and economic pre-eminence.

scholarly journals Effects of rural-urban migration on socio-economic conditions of migrant households in district Peshawar, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Absar Ul Hassan ◽  
Noor P. Khan ◽  
Muhammad T. A Shah ◽  
Nimra Khan ◽  
Naushad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Migrant Households

This study was focused to identify the effects of rural-urban migration on the socio-economic conditions of migrant households in District Peshawar, Pakistan.Total150 respondents sampled through proportionate sampling technique from four different locations of Peshawar city participated in the study. Data were collected from the sampled respondents on a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview technique. Results show that the majority of the respondents migrated during 2001 and 2010. Along with the poverty and social amenities, other major reasons behind the migration in the study area were access to quality education, the war against terrorism, employment opportunities, and health issues. Majority of the joint families converted to the nuclear family system after the migration. Their economic conditions were enhanced.  As far as pre and post-migration facilities were concerned, positive changes were observed in the research area. It is recommended that the government and concerned authorities should ensure the provision of basic socio-economic facilities and off-farm employment opportunities to the rural people so that the ratio of urban migration could possibly be minimized.

How left behind are rural parents of migrant children? Evidence from Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN KNODEL ◽  
JIRAPORN KESPICHAYAWATTANA ◽  
CHANPEN SAENGTIENCHAI ◽  
SUVINEE WIWATWANICH
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Economic Changes

ABSTRACTThe consequences of adult children's migration from rural areas for older parents who remain behind are keenly debated. While the mass media and international advocacy organisations favour an ‘alarmist’ view of desertion, the academic literature makes more sanguine assessments using the ‘household strategy’ and ‘modified extended family’ perspectives. We examine the relationship between the migration of adult children and various dimensions of older parents' wellbeing in Thailand using evidence from a survey that focused on the issues. The results provide little support for the alarmist view, but instead suggest that parents and adult children adapt to the social and economic changes associated with development in ways not necessarily detrimental to intergenerational relations. The migration of children, especially to urban areas, often benefits parents' material support while the recent spread of cell phones has radically increased their ability to maintain social contact. Nevertheless, changing living arrangements through increased migration and the smaller family sizes of the youngest age groups of older people pose serious challenges for aspects of filial support, especially at advanced ages when chronic illness and frailty require long-term personal care. Dealing with this emerging situation in a context of social, economic and technological change is among the most critical issues facing those concerned with the implications of rapid population ageing in Thailand and elsewhere.

The Origins of the Village Revisited: From Nuclear to Extended Households

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent V. Flannery
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Near East ◽  
Shared Storage ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Extended Households ◽  
The Village

In Mesoamerica and the Near East, the emergence of the village seems to have involved two stages. In the first stage, individuals were distributed through a series of small circular-to-oval structures, accompanied by communal or “shared” storage features. In the second stage, nuclear families occupied substantial rectangular houses with private storage rooms. Over the last 30 years a wealth of data from the Near East, Egypt, the Trans-Caucasus, India, Africa, and the Southwest U.S. have enriched our understanding of this phenomenon. And in Mesoamerica and the Near East, evidence suggests that nuclear family households eventually gave way to a third stage, one featuring extended family households whose greater labor force made possible extensive multifaceted economies.

Embedding DBT Skills Training Within a Transactional-Ecological Framework to Reduce Suicidality in a Navajo Adolescent Female

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brieanne K. Kohrt ◽  
Tory M. Lincoln ◽  
Artemio D. Brambila
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Family System ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Ecological Framework

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth have higher rates of suicidality than any other ethnic or cultural group in the United States. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment that has been found to reduce suicidality in adolescents, but there is little literature speaking to its efficacy with the AI/AN population. The transactional-ecological model of suicidality helps identify protective factors that can be bolstered at the individual, familial, community, and spiritual levels to reduce suicidality and suicidal contagion in AI/AN youth. The current study examines a case where DBT was culturally adapted and embedded within a transactional-ecological framework to treat a 14-year-old Navajo female with Major Depressive Disorder with psychotic features who presented to a psychiatric inpatient facility following a suicide attempt. The patient’s wish to die was motivated by her belief that her death could lead to positive changes in an extended family system plagued by historical trauma, alcoholism, suicide, and domestic violence. Ongoing assessment was conducted using the Suicide Status Form (SSF), Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), Reasons for Living Scale for Adolescents (RFL-A), and the DBT diary card. Navajo healing traditions were used in conjunction with DBT skills training and enhancement of ecological protective factors. Initial reduction in depression and suicidality was complicated by an increase in homicidal ideation. A comprehensive psychiatric evaluation was completed, and treatment was modified through medication changes, increased mindfulness practice, bolstering support systems, and engagement in a Navajo healing ceremony. Implications for clinicians treating suicidality in Navajo youth are discussed.

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