scholarly journals Dynamics of Conflicts and Criminal Activities in Warri and Environs, Delta State, Nigeria

Author(s):  
Ngozi Sandra Ikenyei

The onset of oil exploration in Warri and its environs accentuated the proliferation of ethnic conflict, militant and activist youth. Conflicts in Warri over the past years, are products of shifting boundaries and agitations for benefits accruing to oil bearing communities. These crises were occasioned by perception of neglect, deprivation, abuse and abandonment. Whenever there is crisis, heinous crimes against humanity were committed against inhabitants. Between 2005–2013, over 35 oil related conflicts have been recorded in Warri. This construal resource (oil) related conflicts are often accompanied with the perpetration of crimes that stamped political and economic activities. This impact on rural livelihoods and it reflects on how oil operations are prioritized over community interest. This leaves bitterness, resentments and grievances amongst the suffering citizens. While many researches focus on environmental impact of oil exploration and neglects from oil companies and government, few studies dwelt on the dynamics and modalities of conflicts resolution. The study revealed that killings, rape and sexual violence, kidnapping, stealing, torture/beating, systemic persecution of agitators and burning down of houses were the most prominent crimes committed against citizens whenever there is crisis.

Geophysics ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-325
Author(s):  
D. C. Ion

Current exploration for oil is being conducted by governments, major integrated oil companies, independent oil companies and syndicates, all of whom have different interests. The interdependence of the various aspects of exploration, production, transportation, refining and consumption within the oil industry is obvious; but the interdependence of the producing, transit, refining, and consuming countries has only recently been realized by the world. Within the exploration branch of the oil industry the mutual dependence of geological and geophysical methods has become generally accepted over the past thirty years. Good early training and collaboration along the whole chain of exploration can solve many industrial problems, and education can solve the world‐wide problems between countries


2021 ◽  
pp. 088832542095080
Author(s):  
Nikolay Koposov

This article belongs to the special cluster “Here to Stay: The Politics of History in Eastern Europe”, guest-edited by Félix Krawatzek & George Soroka. The rise of historical memory, which began in the 1970s and 1980s, has made the past an increasingly important soft-power resource. At its initial stage, the rise of memory contributed to the decay of self-congratulatory national narratives and to the formation of a “cosmopolitan” memory centered on the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity and informed by the notion of state repentance for the wrongdoings of the past. Laws criminalizing the denial of these crimes, which were adopted in “old” continental democracies in the 1980s and 1990s, were a characteristic expression of this democratic culture of memory. However, with the rise of national populism and the formation of the authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regimes in Russia, Turkey, Hungary, and Poland in the 2000s and 2010s, the politics of memory has taken a significantly different turn. National populists are remarkably persistent in whitewashing their countries’ history and using it to promote nationalist mobilization. This process has manifested itself in the formation of new types of memory laws, which shift the blame for historical injustices to other countries (the 1998 Polish, the 2000 Czech, the 2010 Lithuanian, the June 2010 Hungarian, and the 2014 Latvian statutes) and, in some cases, openly protect the memory of the perpetrators of crimes against humanity (the 2005 Turkish, the 2014 Russian, the 2015 Ukrainian, the 2006 and the 2018 Polish enactments). The article examines Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian legislation regarding the past that demonstrates the current linkage between populism and memory.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Andrés López ◽  
David Checa Cruz

The industry has a relevant spatial and socioeconomic importance in most of the Spanish cities and nowadays is one of the main urban economic activities. However, in many situations, and despite recent advances in the past two decades, industrial heritage is a value that is still not sufficiently widespread in society. The factories, their activity, and their historical evolution are often disconnected and isolated from the daily life of the cities, being quite an unknown aspect for most of the citizens. This contribution presents the result of various experiences of knowledge transmission on the heritage value of industry, through the use of games and storytelling technique as an educational tool and the combination of different technologies (3D modelling, videomapping, virtual reality) as useful tools to spread the explanation of this phenomenon.


Author(s):  
Christian Madubuko

Oil was discovered in large quantities in Nigeria in 1956 and exploration began in the same year. Before oil, agriculture and fishing had assured the Niger Delta people of a bright future. Since 1956, oil has been extracted from the Niger Delta with destructive consequences on the environment, bringing about environmental degradation and destruction of the people’s primary means of livelihood. Land and water were badly polluted, and the health of the people affected because of leaks from oil pipelines, gas flaring and acid rains. Several petitions and non-violent protests by Delta communities, women and youth against environmental destruction failed to receive attention. Rather, opposition to peaceful protests earned the people military invasions of their communities, clampdowns and jailings. The rise of militarism and terrorism in the Niger Delta was the result of the Federal Government and Oil Companies’ clampdown on non-violent protests for environmental justice in the Niger Delta. This paper discusses the history of oil exploration in the Niger Delta, oil laws, effects of oil exploration in the region, and the rise of militants and terrorists in the area. The paper uses the term, ‘environmental Justice’ to denote unfair treatment and destruction of the Delta environment resulting from oil exploration, non implementation and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations, and abuse of human rights.The paper suggests solutions for peace in the Niger Delta.


Author(s):  
Matthias Golz ◽  
Florin Boeck ◽  
Sebastian Ritz ◽  
Gerd Holbach

The efforts to discover the world’s oceans — even in extremely deep-sea environments — have grown more and more in the past years. In this context, unmanned underwater vehicles play a central role. Underwater systems that are not tethered need to provide an apparatus to ensure a safe return to the surface. Therefore, positive buoyancy is required and can be achieved by either losing weight or expanding volume. A conservative method is the dropping of ballast weight. However, nowadays this method is not appropriate due to the environmental impact. This paper presents a ballast system for an automated ascent of a deep-sea seabed station in up to 6000 m depth. The ballast system uses a DC motor driven modified hydraulic pump and a compressed air auxiliary system inside a pressure vessel. With regard to the environmental contamination in case of a leakage, only water is used as ballast fluid. The modification of an ordinary oil-hydraulic radial piston pump and the set-up of the ballast system is introduced. Results from sea trials in the Atlantic Ocean are presented to verify the functionality of the ballast system.


Author(s):  
Abel Kinyondo ◽  
Joseph Magashi

Poverty reduction has been a difficult milestone for Tanzania to achieve despite recording remarkable economic growth over the past decade. This is because the attained growth is not inclusive, in that sectors contributing to this growth employ fewer people. Given the fact that agriculture continues to employ the majority of people in Tanzania, efforts to improve livelihoods should necessarily be geared towards transforming the sector. It is in this context that using a sample of 3,000 farmers from 13 regions of Tanzania; this Tanzania, this study set out to examine challenges facing farmers and their respective solutions following the sustainable livelihood framework. Findings show that improving farmers’ livelihoods would entail concerted efforts by the government to avail to farmers, quality and affordable seeds, fertilizer, agricultural infrastructures, subsidies, extension services, markets, information alert, affordable loans, and areas for pastures. This implies that the government needs to allocate enough funds to the agricultural sector if farmers’ needs are to be met. We note, however, that government’s allocation to the sector has alarmingly generally been exhibiting a declining trend for the past four years. It is against this background that we strongly recommend that the government rethinks its position and prioritize the agricultural sector in its budget.


IUSTA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
SANDRA ROCIO GAMBOA RUBIANO

<p>Se ha aludido que la jurisdicción complementaria que define a la Corte Penal Internacional vulnera elejercicio de la soberanía estatal. No obstante, tratándose de crímenes de Estado en tanto crímenes contrala humanidad, bien puede sostenerse que la jurisdicción complementaria podría llegar a constituir unretroceso. Esto, entre otras razones, por no ser coherente con la lógica de protección eficaz de bienesjurídicos de especial valía para la humanidad, en cuya congruencia en el pasado se estableció la jurisdicciónconcurrente que definió los tribunales internacionales de Yugoslavia y Ruanda.</p><p>En dichas condiciones resulta interesante revisar este fenómeno a partir de la constitución contrahegemónicade los derechos humanos, reconociéndose, como lo hace Sousa Santos, la existencia, vinculacionese implicaciones de las formas de poder en las sociedades capitalistas, al igual que sus profundosmensajes en relación con los crímenes de Estado. Ello, con mayor razón, cuando se ha establecido que ladiscusión de la contrahegemonía –que inicia con Gramsci y que en parte desarrolla Sousa Santos desdela perspectiva de la dominación de la globalización neoliberal– propugna, como lo señala Bonet (2010),por un “nuevo contrato social global más solidario e incluyente que el hoy en crisis contrato social de lamodernidad occidental”.</p><p>AbstractIt has been mentioned that the complementary jurisdiction which defines the ICC prevents the exercise ofstate sovereignty. However, for state crimes as crimes against humanity, it can be argued that supplementaljurisdiction could eventually form a setback. This, among other reasons, because it is not consistent withthe logic of effective protection of legal interests of particular value to humanity, whose congruency wasestablished in the past, defining the concurrent jurisdiction of the international tribunals in Yugoslaviaand Rwanda.In these conditions it is interesting to check this phenomenon from the counter-establishment of humanrights, recognizing as Boaventura de Sousa Santos does, existence, linkages and implications of theforms of power in capitalist societies, like their deep messages concerning state crimes. This, even moreso when it has been established that the discussion of counter-hegemony, beginning with Gramsci andpartly developed by Sousa Santos under the perspective of domination of neoliberal globalization, callsfor a “new global social contract more caring and inclusive than today social contract crisis of Westernmodernity “(Bonet, 2010).</p><p>Resumo:Foi mencionado que a jurisdição complementar define o ICC impede o exercício da soberania do Estado.No entanto, para crimes de estado como crimes contra a humanidade, pode-se argumentar que a competênciasuplementar poderia, eventualmente, formar um revés. Isto, entre outras razões, porque não écoerente com a lógica de protecção eficaz dos interesses jurídicos de especial valor para a humanidade,cuja congruência foi estabelecido no passado, que define a competência concorrente dos tribunais internacionaisna Iugoslávia e Ruanda.Nessas condições, é interessante verificar esse fenômeno a partir do contador-estabelecimento dos direitoshumanos, reconhecendo como faz Boaventura de Sousa Santos, a existência, as ligações e as implicaçõesdas formas de poder nas sociedades capitalistas, como suas mensagens profundas sobre crimesde Estado. Isto, ainda mais quando foi estabelecido que a discussão da contra-hegemonia, começando com Gramsci e Boaventura desenvolve em parte sob o domínio da globalização neoliberal, apela para um“contrato social nova crise global de contrato de mais carinho e inclusiva do que hoje social modernidadeocidental “(Bonet, 2010).</p><p> </p>


Author(s):  
Kęstutis Biekša

Economic activities developed in the framework of sustainable development concept have to ensure balanced economic and technological development without weakening the social and natural environmental conditions. Environmental impact assessment using ecological footprint method helps to choose sustainable economic activities and technologies which are appropriate to sustainable development concept and has less impact to environment. This method is usually used as a public ecological and environmental educational tool and sometimes applied for creation of measures and programs for sustainable regional and economic development. The research problem is to determine whether the ecological footprint method is an appropriate tool to measure environmental impact of agricultural entities in accordance with sustainable development aspects. The paper aim is to evaluate the cereal farms using sustainable process index which is a member of ecological footprint method. The analysis was performed by analyzing the cereal farms which are growing wheat, rye and oats crops in Austria and Lithuania. The calculation was carried out using SPIonExcel software program. The results showed that the most significant environmental impacts arise from the use of fertilizers and the use of agricultural machinery (tractors and harvesters and the biggest share from the total ecological footprint goes to the pollution of air and water. The research also showed that if the ecological footprint method is used with a support service this can be a useful instrument for farmers showing how to improve farming from the ecological viewpoint and how to increase energy efficiency and reduce the use of primary resources.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Khalish Arsy Al Khairy Siregar ◽  
Deasy Nur Chairin Hanifa

 Introduction: Singapore is one of the countries with the lowest mortality rate and the best handling of COVID-19. Singapore can be an example for Indonesia on COVID 19 pandemic handling.Methods: The method used is a literature review from google platform with these keywords: “Singapore Health Policy in COVID-19, Indonesian Health Policy in COVID-19, Singapore's success in suppressing COVID-19”. The analysis was done by comparing the policies taken from the two countries in dealing with COVID-19.Results: Singapore and Indonesia did indeed have very big differences in terms of government and in broad areas, it cannot be denied that Indonesia can have the same opportunity as Singapore in providing a good health disaster mitigation system for the community. Three factors influence Singapore's success in dealing with COVID-19: 1) having a responsive and efficient health disaster mitigation system, 2) government legitimacy which is determined by the capacity of the state. Singapore has a semi-centralized government with high legitimacy the experience of dealing with pandemics in the past, 3) Singapore's experience with SARS in the past makes Singaporeans understand very well the impact of the pandemic on their economic activities and social life.Conclusion: Several things can be emulated from Singapore in handling COVID-19 was the transparency, strong communication between community and the government, prioritizing the benefit and safety of civil society and building obedience and awareness of Covid 19 prevention.


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