scholarly journals Humanism, the Renaissance and Russian Culture between the 15th and 17th Centuries: Preliminary Thoughts

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Marcello Garzaniti
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
European Context ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Synthetic View ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study offers a synthetic view of the relationship of the Eastern Slavic world, in particular Russia, with Humanism and the Renaissance, indicating new paths of research on the identity formation of Muscovy and the Russian Empire in the European context. In particular, we focus on the arrival of Sophia Palaiologina in Moscow, on the activities of Maximus the Greek in Russia, and on the idea of Rome and Moscow in the 16th century.

The relationship of magnates and the szlachta of the Great Principality/Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Russia in 1733

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Мацук
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grand Duchy

В статье исследуются события бескоролевья 1733 г. в Речи Посполитой. Согласно «трактату Левенвольде» компромиссным кандидатом на избрание монархом Речи Посполитой был португальский инфант дон Мануэль, которого предложила Австрия. Россия больше склонялась к кандидатуре «пяста». Россия оказалась не подготовленной к началу бескоролевья. Бывшие российские союзники магнаты ВКЛ рассорились с российским послом Фридрихом Казимиром Левенвольде и перешли на сторону Франции. В конце февраля 1733 г. в ВКЛ направили Юрия Ливена, который от имени российской царицы предложил поддержку в получении короны Михаилу Вишневецкому и Павлу Сангушке. Принятое на конвокационном сейме решение об избрании королем «пяста» и католика показало популярность Станислава Лещинского. В результате вслед за Австрией Россия поддержала кандидатом на корону Фридриха Августа. Магнаты ВКЛ до последнего оставались конкурентами о короне. Оппозиция Лещинскому объединилась под лозунгом защиты «вольного выбора» и поэтому в ней остались кандидаты «пясты», которые не могли уступить друг другу, и согласились на компромисс – кандидатуру Фридриха Августа. Для противодействия возможному избранию Лещинского Россия создала в ВКЛ новоградскую конфедерацию. Ее организатором стал новоградский воевода Николай Фаустин Радзивилл. Эта конфедерация становится основой Генеральной Варшавской конфедерации, которая 5 октября 1733 г. избирает королем саксонского курфюрста. The article examines the events of the «kingless» year of 1733 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. According to the Levenwolde Treaties the compromise candidate for the Commonwealth’s throne was the Portuguese Infante Don Manuel, who’s candidacy was proposed by Austria. Russia, in turn, leaned towards the «pyasta» candidate. The Russian Empire was clearly unprepared for the start of the kingless period. Russia’s former allies – magnates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – came into conflict with the Russian ambassador Frederick Kazimir Levenwolde and sided with France. In late February of 1733, Empress Anna Ioanovna of Russia sent Yuri Liven to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, who offered official support in the struggle for the crown to Mikhail Vishnevetsky and Pavel Sangushka. The electoral decision made at the Sejm proved the popularity of the «pyast» and Catholic candidates, specifically – Stanislaus Leschinsky. In turn, Russia – following Austria – showed its support for the candidacy of Frederick August. The magnates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania remained in opposition in the crown issue until the very last. Opposition to Leschinsky was united under the motto of «free choice». For that reason, it was comprised of «pyasta» candidates, who were in a deadlock with one another, and were now ready for the compromise candidacy of Frederick Augustus. In order to counter the possible election of Leschinsky, Russia created the Novograd Confederation in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was organized by the Novograd Voevoda Faustin Radzivill. This confederation became the core of the General Warsaw Confederation that – on October 5th 1733 – elected the Saxon King to the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Per aspera ad astra. The relationship of teachers and students in the national gymnasium in the second half of XIX-early XX century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Грива ◽  
Ol'ga Griva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rote Learning ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the presented monograph discusses the state of Affairs in the schools in the second half of XIX — beginning of XX century, concerning questions of organization of relations between teachers and students, by students. Documents of the gymnasiums operating in the territory of the Russian Empire, in particular in the Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Kharkov and Odessa educational districts are analyzed. The author refuted the point of view on the school as a "school of drill and rote learning", and allegedly progressive role of school in shaping the educated, cultured, educated citizens. On numerous unpublished materials of archives (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa and Simferopol), a complex of official pedagogical documents and theoretical works of teachers shows the nature of the organization of intra-relations.

scholarly journals New Information on the History of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing: From Correspondence of the Head of the XV Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing, Archimandrite Palladius with the Envoy of the Russian Empire in China, Eugene K. Butsov

2020 ◽  
pp. 403-413
Author(s):  
Andrei M. Kulikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Opium War ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article describes the correspondence of the participant of the XII (1840–1849), head of the XIII (1849–1859) and of the XV (1865–1878) Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing (REM), the greatest Russian orientalist, archimandrite Palladius (Kafarov) (1817–1878) with the head of the Russian Diplomatic Mission in China, Evgeny Karlovich Butsov (1837–1904). The letters originals have been found by the author in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (Moscow) in the Butsov fond. The analyzed letters had been written in Beijing from June 30 to December 3, 1877, during which period Archimandrite Palladius (Kafarov) was the head of the XV Russian Ecclesiastical Mission and Yevgeny Byutsov headed the Russian Diplomatic Mission in China. The study of documents that have not yet been introduced into scientific use strives to fill in the gaps in studying of the activities of the XV Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing and its contacts with the Russian Diplomatic Mission in China. The letters provide rich material on the relationship of the two leaders of most important Russian authorities, officially operating in the Chinese capital after the Second Opium War. The first letter contains information on finding a contractor for the construction of the REM library; in the second one, Palladius informs Butsov of mental health problems of the mission hieromonach Father Gerontius (Levitsky). The letters contain numerous details of the everyday life of the XV REM, including many references to previously unknown difficulties encountered by its chief and concerning its employees: i.e. Father Gerontius (Levitsky). Archimandrite Palladius devotes much attention to describing the restructuring of the Northern Metochion of the REM, which began in the said period. The letters mention a significant number of people who were in the general circle of acquaintances of Kafarov and Butsov. Among them are the Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire, Mikhail Khristoforovich Reiter, the head of the Diplomatic Mission of the German Empire in China, Maximilian August Tsipio von Brandt, employees of the Russian Democratic Republic (Father Gerontiy, Father Flavian, Father John), the representative of the Diplomatic Mission in China (P. S. Popov), and members of the Butsov family.

“Civilization” and Civilizational Evolution of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Yury D. Granin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Social Imagination ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Range ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article analyzes the problem of productivity of using a civilizational ap­proach to the analysis of the current state of Russia and its history. The content of the term “civilization” is discussed. The necessity of understanding civili­zation in two modes of implementation is proved: as a process and as a state. “Civilization” is interpreted by the author as an interdisciplinary category to de­note the diversity of cultural and historical types of development of economi­cally and politically connected large communities of people and/or their aggre­gates (communities), subjectively and symbolically integrated into a relatively unified whole through historical and social imagination, cultural meanings, val­ues and norms that serve as the cause, purpose and basis for the organization and functioning of these communities. This definition is concretized by revealing the dialectics of the relationship of social, cultural, cognitive and institutional components of “civilization” using the example of Russia in the historical range from Kievan Rus to the modern Russian Federation. The most important institu­tional factors in the formation and development of civilizations, their interaction and expansion over long distances were “universal States” – “kingdoms” and “empires”. Studying the formation and development of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire and the USSR, the author comes to the conclusion that historically these political forms had several civilizational embodiments.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION AND INTEGRATION: KARELIAN PE-RIPHERALS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE "/ YUKKA KORPELA, KATI PARPEY, IRENA KARVONEN, IRINA CHERNYAKOVA, OLEG CHERNYAKOV, MARIA PROSKURYAKOVA, EVGENIYA SUSLOVA, TATIANA LEONTIEVA, ANNA OSIPOVA [SCIENTIFIC. REV. IRINA CHERNYAKOVA, TATIANA LEONTIEVA, YUKKA KORPELA]; UNDER TOTAL REV. IRINA CHERNYAKOVA. - SAINT-PETERSBURG: NAUKA, 2021. - 487, [1] S.: ILL.

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Ирина Михайловна Суворова
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

В рецензии на коллективную монографию акцентируется внимание на актуальности заявленной темы исторического исследования социальных трансформаций и интеграции на примере карельской периферии. Рецензент описывает структуру, авторскую географию и особенности создания научного труда. В тексте анализируется авторский замысел, его реализация в целом и в каждой главе в отдельности. Рецензентом обзорно представляется содержание каждой главы с указанием выводов и обобщений по теме главы. Особое внимание уделяется выявлению взаимосвязи всех авторских позиций и подходов к оценке социальных изменений на территории карельской периферии, а также отмечается дискуссионность устоявшихся историографических определений в методологическом плане. В итоге рецензент дает высокую оценку анализируемому научному труду. The review of the collective monograph focuses on the relevance of the stated topic of the historical study of social transformations and integration on the example of the Karelian periphery. The reviewer describes the structure, author's geography and features of creating scientific work. The text analyzes the author's plan, its implementation as a whole and in each chapter separately. The reviewer provides an overview of the content of each chapter with conclusions and generalizations on the topic of the chapter. Special attention is paid to the identification of the relationship of all copyright positions and approaches to the assessment of social changes in the territory of the Karelian periphery, and the discussion of established historiography definitions in methodological terms is also noted. As a result, the reviewer praises the scientific work analyzed.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

Dresden commemorative meetings: Vladimir Scherbachev — Nikolay Medtner

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Р.Н. Слонимская
Keyword(s):  
Musical Culture ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Opera House ◽  
Boris Godunov ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

В статье рассматриваются взаимоотношения выдающихся музыкальных деятелей русской культуры Владимира Владимировича Щербачёва и Николая Карловича Метнера. Фактический материал анализируется на основе писем Щербачёва к жене, Марии Илларионовне, написанных в период командировки 1922-1923 годов в Пильниц под Дрезденом. В письмах раскрывается атмосфера музыкальной культуры Германии этого периода (в том числе постановка в Дрезденской опере Бориса Годунова Модеста Петровича Мусоргского). Подробно описывается процесс работы Щербачёва над партитурой монументального симфонического полотна Второй симфонии на стихи Александра Блока и приводится мнение Метнера о ней. Раскрываются музыкально-эстетические позиции Щербачёва и Метнера в отношении разных сторон техники сочинения, педагогики, исполнительского искусства. Одна из ключевых проблем сохранение традиции и радикальное новаторство, вызывавшее у Метнера весьма сложную реакцию. В целом, письма музыкантов дают возможность воссоздать живой и органичный облик двух композиторов разных творческих ориентаций, но искренне переживающих за музыкальное искусство. В конце статьи представлена роль Щербачёва в становлении ленинградской школы композиции. The article considers the relationship of outstanding music figures of the Russian culture VladimirV.Scherbachev and NikolayK.Medtner. The analyzed factual material is based on Scherbachevs letters to his wife Maria Illarionovna, written during a one-year trip to Pilnitz on the Elbe near Dresden 19221923. The letters reveal the atmosphere of musical culture of Germany of this period (including the production of Boris Godunov by Mussorgsky in the Dresden opera house). The author gives a detailed description of the process of Scherbachevs work on the score of the monumental symphonic canvas the Second Symphony on the poems by A.Blok, and Medtners opinion about it. In general, the letters of the two musicians give us an opportunity to recreate living and organic image of the two composers possessing different creative bearings, but sincerely worried about the music art.

Relations between the Russian Empire and the Orthodox Church of the East as Exemplified in the Collection of Greek Engravings of The Church Archaeological Museum at the Moscow Theological Academy

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Анна Леонидовна Краснова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Church Of The East ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

В XVIII в. на основании общего интереса к святыням Востока, а также единой тенденции для крупных монастырей изготавливать гравюры на память для паломников, многие греческие гравюры свидетели русско-афонских отношений попадают на территорию Российской Империи. Сохранились такие гравюры и в Церковноархеологического кабинете Московской духовной академии, собрание которых насчитывает 29 эстампов. Пять гравюр из этого собрания имеют надписи на греческом и на славянском языке. Надписи свидетельствуют о месте и времени создания гравюры, о граверах и заказчиках, являются источниками кратких исторических сведений. В статье приведены выявленные дополнительные факты об этих гравюрах, которые свидетельствуют о наличии церковных, экономических и политических отношений на базе культурных связей между Российской Империей и странами православного Востока. The Russ has always been supporting the relationship with the Orthodox Church of the East. As a result of these connections, we have a lot of icons and other gifts from The Mount Athos, The Saint Catherine’s Monastery and others holy places. There are five Greek engravings in the collection of The Museum of Church Archaeology at the Moscow Theological Academy, which have inscriptions in Greek and Slavic. These engravings were to be spread in Slavic countries. They are dated from the 17th to the 19th century. Some of them were made in Moscow. The images and the inscriptions of the engravings are the subject of a research presented in this article.

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