Pathological investigation of liver lesions in slaughtered cattle in Al-Najaf abattoir

This study has been conducted to examine the macroscopic and histopathologic lesions of liver in slaughtered cattle at Al-Najaf City, and then the prevalence of these lesions has been listed. Liver of two hundred cattle slaughtered at the city slaughterhouse of Al-Najaf were collected from beginning of January to the end of March, 2019 for gross and microscopic investigations. Tissue processing has been carried out for specimens inspected as tissue lesions were examined under light microscopy. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic survey showed that there were variable liver affections in slaughtered cattle. The lesions were arranged from high percentages of lesions such as fasciolosis (32%) and abscesses (32.5%), to moderate to low percentages such as hydatidosis (19.5%), tuberculosis (7.5%), fatty degeneration (3%) and coagulative necrosis (1.5%). The main conclusion of our study revealed that there were high prevalence of liver lesions in slaughtered cattle in Al-Najaf slaughterhouse (4.69%), that lead to liver condemnation and economic losses.

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Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu Province, Northwest China

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-019-2101-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Si-Yuan Qin ◽

Ming-Yang Yin ◽

Guang-Yao Song ◽

Qi-Dong Tan ◽

Jin-Lei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northwest China ◽

Gansu Province ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cattle Industry ◽

Free Range ◽

Bos Grunniens ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Different Seasons

Abstract Background Little information about the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in northwest China is available. Therefore, the objective of the study was to quantify faecal egg counts of gastrointestinal parasites (helminths and coccidia) in free-range yaks from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Northwest China. Results Parasites were detected in 290 of 733 (39.56%) faecal samples. The results showed that Strongylidae, Trichuris spp. and Eimeria spp. were detected all year round, Strongyloides papillosus was detected in autumn and summer, and Nematodirus spp. was detected in both autumn and spring. In contrast, Fasciola spp. was only detected in spring. The prevalence rates of parasitic infections in different seasons were significantly different. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu, China. The results demonstrated a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, specifically GN infections, in yaks in GTAP and these infections can cause economic losses to the local cattle industry.

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Hearing symptoms personal stereos

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.7162/s1809-97772012000200003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (02) ◽

pp. 163-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Borja ◽

Tiara da Luz

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

High Intensity ◽

High Volume ◽

Inverse Relation ◽

Observational Prospective Study ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Long Run ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The City ◽

Exposition Time

Summary Introduction: Practical and portable the personal stereos if had become almost indispensable accessories in the day the day. Studies disclose that the portable players of music can cause auditory damages in the long run for who hear music in high volume for a drawn out time. Objective: to verify the prevalence of auditory symptoms in users of amplified players and to know its habits of use Method: Observational prospective study of transversal cut carried through in three institutions of education of the city of Salvador BA, being two of public net and one of the private net. 400 students had answered to the questionnaire, of both the sex, between 14 and 30 years that had related the habit to use personal stereos. Results: The symptoms most prevalent had been hyperacusis (43.5%), auricular fullness (30.5%) and humming (27.5), being that the humming is the symptom most present in the population youngest. How much to the daily habits: 62.3% frequent use, 57% in raised intensities, 34% in drawn out periods. An inverse relation between exposition time was verified and the band of age (p = 0,000) and direct with the prevalence of the humming. Conclusion: Although to admit to have knowledge on the damages that the exposition the sound of high intensity can cause the hearing, the daily habits of the young evidence the inadequate use of the portable stereos characterized by long periods of exposition, raised intensities, frequent use and preference for the insertion phones. The high prevalence of symptoms after the use suggests a bigger risk for the hearing of these young.

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Atrocity victimization and the costs of economic conflict crimes in the battle for Baghdad and Iraq

European Journal of Criminology ◽

10.1177/1477370812452087 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 481-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

John Hagan ◽

Joshua Kaiser ◽

Daniel Rothenberg ◽

Anna Hanson ◽

Patricia Parker

Keyword(s):

Political Violence ◽

Political Conflict ◽

Crimes Against Humanity ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Humanitarian Law ◽

The Us ◽

Economic Conflict ◽

The City ◽

Domestic Law ◽

Invasion Of Iraq

Economic conflict crimes are defined in this paper as violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, as well as domestic law, associated with military and political conflict and producing significant monetary as well as other forms of suffering for civilians. Criminologists are well positioned by disciplinary emphasis to document and explain military and political violence resulting in economic conflict crimes. Criminal victimization associated with the US-led invasion of Iraq imposed an enormous toll on civilians. Yet there is little attention by criminologists or others to the profound economic costs to Iraqis, whether through lost property, life, or opportunities. We cautiously estimate that the economic losses for households in the city of Baghdad alone were almost US$100 billion, and more than three times this amount for the entire country, with Sunni groups experiencing significantly greater losses than others. So far as we know, our article presents the first estimates of civilian losses from economic conflict crimes that followed the US-led invasion of Iraq. These losses were widespread and systematic, the hallmarks of crimes against humanity.

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The Prevalence of Age-Related Eye Diseases and Cataract Surgery among Older Adults in the City of Lodz, Poland

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2015/605814 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Michal Szymon Nowak ◽

Janusz Smigielski

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Retinal Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Age Related ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Caucasian Origin ◽

The City

Purpose.To determine the prevalence of age-related eye diseases and cataract surgery among older adults in the city of Lodz, in central Poland.Material and Methods.The study design was cross-sectional and observational study. A total of 1107 women and men of predominantly Caucasian origin were successfully enumerated and recruited for the study. All selected subjects were interviewed and underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations.Results.Overall 8.04% (95% CI 6.44–9.64) subjects had cataract surgery in either eye. After excluding subjects with bilateral cataract surgery, the prevalence of cataract was 12.10% (95% CI 10.18–14.03). AMD was found in 4.33% (95% CI 3.14–5.54 ) of all subjects. Of them 3.25% (95% CI 2.21–4.30 ) had early AMD and 1.08% (95% CI 0.47–1.69) had late AMD. Various types of glaucoma were diagnosed in 5.51% (95% CI 4.17–6.85) of subjects and 2.62% (95% CI 1.68–3.56) had OHT. The prevalence rates of DR and myopic macular degeneration were 1.72% (95% CI 0.95–2.48) and 0.45% (95% CI 0.06–0.85), respectively. All multiple logistic regression models were only significantly associated with older age. The highest rate of visual impairment was observed among subjects with retinal diseases.Conclusions.The study revealed high prevalence of age-related eye diseases in this older population.

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ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN TREATMENT OF PARTIAL DEGENERATIVE DAMAGES OF THE ROTARYBICEPITAL COMPLEX

Medical Journal ◽

10.51922/1818-426x.2021.3.126 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 126-130

Author(s):

А.V. Savchuk ◽

◽

О.A. Danilenko ◽

Е.R. Makarevich ◽

Е.V. Zhuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conservative Treatment ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

New Technologies ◽

Economic Effect ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Medical Technologies ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

New Treatment ◽

The Cost ◽

The City

The authors studied the economic efficiency of conservative treatment of 196 patients with injuries of the rotator-bicepital complex on the basis of the City Clinical Hospital № 6 in Minsk for the period from 2013 to 2020 using the developed approaches and the introduction of new technologies. As a result of shortening the length of stay of patients in a hospital with the use of new treatment technologies, it can reduce the cost of money. The total economic effect was 30726 BYN. The study of the parameters of economic efficiency indicates the feasibility of using the introduced medical technologies. As a result, the total amount of savins from reducing economic losses amounted to 24 006 BYN.

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Characterization of the Copper Transporters from Lotus spp. and Their Involvement under Flooding Conditions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20133136 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 3136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francisco J. Escaray ◽

Cristian J. Antonelli ◽

Guillermo J. Copello ◽

Sergi Puig ◽

Lola Peñarrubia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Copper Uptake ◽

Copper Transporter ◽

Copper Transporters ◽

Transporter Family ◽

Adaptive Mechanisms ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Natural Grassland

Forage legumes are an important livestock nutritional resource, which includes essential metals, such as copper. Particularly, the high prevalence of hypocuprosis causes important economic losses to Argentinian cattle agrosystems. Copper deficiency in cattle is partially due to its low content in forage produced by natural grassland, and is exacerbated by flooding conditions. Previous results indicated that incorporation of Lotus spp. into natural grassland increases forage nutritional quality, including higher copper levels. However, the biological processes and molecular mechanisms involved in copper uptake by Lotus spp. remain poorly understood. Here, we identify four genes that encode putative members of the Lotus copper transporter family, denoted COPT in higher plants. A heterologous functional complementation assay of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ctr1∆ctr3∆ strain, which lacks the corresponding yeast copper transporters, with the putative Lotus COPT proteins shows a partial rescue of the yeast phenotypes in restrictive media. Under partial submergence conditions, the copper content of L. japonicus plants decreases and the expression of two Lotus COPT genes is induced. These results strongly suggest that the Lotus COPT proteins identified in this work function in copper uptake. In addition, the fact that environmental conditions affect the expression of certain COPT genes supports their involvement in adaptive mechanisms and envisages putative biotechnological strategies to improve cattle copper nutrition.

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Prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis spp. infection in animals slaughtered for food in Lithuania

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/151/2017-vetmed ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 149-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V Januskevicius ◽

G Januskeviciene ◽

P Prakas ◽

D Butkauskas ◽

S Petkevicius

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

Sarcocystis Spp ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Muscle Types ◽

Muscle Groups

The exact prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. infection in animals slaughtered for food is unknown in Lithuania. Therefore, the present study was initiated to evaluate Sarcocystis spp. infection in the carcasses of cattle (n = 206), sheep (n = 61), pigs (n = 73) and horses (n = 72) raised in Lithuania for food. The prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis spp. infection were assessed under light microscopy by analysing 1 g of stained and squashed muscle samples. All the investigated muscle types (oesophagus, diaphragm, heart, neck, jaw, back, leg and tongue) were found to have been infected with microcysts rather than with macrocysts. A high prevalence of infection was established in cattle (44.9–98.1%) and sheep (100%), whereas the prevalence of this infection in pigs (30.1–50.0%) and horses (34.7–63.9%) was considered to be moderate. Significant differences in the infection prevalence were detected in the majority of muscle groups of cattle and in some muscle groups of pigs and horses. Similarly, significant differences in the median (Md) intensity of infection were observed in the majority of the muscle groups of cattle (Md = 4–29) and sheep (Md = 21–73) and only in some muscle groups of pigs (Md = 4.5–16) and horses (Md = 1–3). Cases of intense infection (> 40 cysts in a sample) were relatively often detected in sheep (44.9%) and cattle (19.1%), and rarely in pigs (3.7%). Hence, based on the varying rates of infection in the examined samples, the infection was identified as being intense in sheep and cattle, moderate in pigs and low in horses.

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Sheep Brucellosis in Kuwait: A Large-Scale Serosurvey, Identification of Brucella Species and Zoonotic Significance

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7030132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yousef Al-Sherida ◽

Adel H. El-Gohary ◽

Amro Mohamed ◽

Mohamed El-Diasty ◽

Gamal Wareth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Health Impact ◽

Control Measures ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

High Prevalence ◽

History Of ◽

Combined Action

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease of major concern in humans of Kuwait, and B. melitensis causes most human cases. The disease is endemic in small ruminants, cattle, and camels for decades, causing substantial economic losses in livestock production. However, a nationwide large-scale investigation of brucellosis in the small ruminant population has not been done in the past two decades. A serosurvey of sheep brucellosis in the five districts of Kuwait with most animal production farms was done between 2016 and 2019. In total, 67,054 serum samples from 233 sheep herds were collected and tested. Additionally, milk and tissue samples were collected from 46 seropositive cases for bacteriology. Thirty persons from seven seropositive farms were tested by serology. The incidence of seropositive cases was 7% in districts devoid of vaccination, while it was 4.7% in farms with history of vaccination. The serosurvey revealed that 89% of non-vaccinated herds (n = 181) were seropositive by Rose Bengal test (RBT), buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), and complement fixation test (CFT). Prevalence of 100% was reported for non-vaccinated sheep herds from Al-Wafrah and Al-Jahra districts, followed by those from Al-Salmi (88.24%), Al-Abdali (86.7%) and Kabd (75.6%). Implementation of vaccination with B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine and test-and-slaughters in 20 herds reduced the seroprevalence to 33.3% and 25% in herds from Al-Jahra and AL-Wafrah, respectively. B. melitensis was isolated from 20 samples (43.5%). More than half of the examined animal owners (56.6%) tested positive for Brucella using RBT, BAPAT and CFT. The high numbers of infected herds and high prevalence in herdsmen are alarming. Thus, control measures have to be ensured immediately. The epidemiological situation in Kuwait is similar to those of the neighboring countries and the combined action of these states is needed. The understanding of the economic and public health impact of brucellosis in Kuwait needs to grow.

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Burden in family caregivers of the elderly: prevalence and association with characteristics of the elderly and the caregivers

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/s0080-623420130000500017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1129-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lara de Sa Neves Loureiro ◽

Maria das Gracas Melo Fernandes ◽

Sueli Marques ◽

Maria Miriam Lima da Nobrega ◽

Rosalina A. Partezani Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Emotional Support ◽

The Elderly ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Spousal Caregivers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Mean ◽

The City

A cross-sectional, epidemiological study aimed to estimate the prevalence of burden among family caregivers of impaired elderly residents in the city of João Pessoa, and to identify associations between the mean burden and social and demographic characteristics of the elderly and the caregivers. A total number of 240 elderly residents in a previously drawn census tract participated in this research. The sample was composed of 52 elderly and their caregivers. For data collection, a questionnaire was applied with questions on social and demographic characteristics of elderly and caregivers, and the Burden Interview Scale was used. Results showed a high prevalence of burden among caregivers (84.6%), in which a statistically significant association was found with the following characteristics: retired elderly, elderly as head of family, spousal caregivers, and caregivers with less education. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of activities focused on formal and emotional support for the caregivers.

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