scholarly journals PENGARUH PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN TERHADAP ALIRAN PERMUKAAN PADA SUB DAS KAMPAR KANAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Jefrizon Jefrizon
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Main River ◽  
Monthly Discharge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Performance Results

Kampar watershed has a length of 580 km, with a catchment area of 21,086 km2, a maximum discharge of 2,200 m3 / s, a minimum discharge of 49 m3 / s. The largest level of damage in 4 major watersheds in Riau Province is located in the Kampar watershed, reaching 5,986 hectares. This study aims to analyze the effect of changes in land cover on surface runoff in the right sub-watershed using SWAT (hydrological model (soil water assessment tool). From the research results, changes in land use from 2009 to 2018 tend to increase precipitation from 3866.33 mm to 4687.94. Significant changes occurred in the water yield or the total amount of water entering the main river during the simulation period from 1722.65 mm to 3633.75 mm. The results of the calibration using the monthly discharge data from 2010 - 2011, the results of observations and predictions on the Lake Bingkuang SPAS were 276.70 m3 / s and 354.98 m3 / s. The results of the validation using the monthly discharge data for 2018 are 115.63 m3 / s and 93.03 m3 / s. The weight value and score of each performance of the right Kampar Sub-watershed in 2009 - 2018 shows that the percentage of vegetation cover (PPV) with a weight of 20%, a score of 0.5. Flow Regim Coefficient with a weight of 5%, a score of 0.75, while the annual flow coefficient with a weight of 5%, score, 0.5. The total number of watershed performance assessments with a weight of 30%, a score of 1.75, and the results of the assessment is 16.25 so that the performance results of the right Kampar Sub-watershed is 0.54.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impacts of land use/land cover change on the water balance in the afforested River Basin, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Saddique ◽  
Talha Mahmood ◽  
Christian Bernhofer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Snow Cover Area ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract Land use and land cover (LULC) change is one of the key driving elements responsible for altering the hydrology of a watershed. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal LULC changes between 2001 and 2018 and their impacts on the water balance of the Jhelum River Basin. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to analyze the impacts on water yield (WY) and evapotranspiration (ET). The model was calibrated and validated with discharge data between 1995 and 2005 and then simulated with different land use. The increase was observed in forest, settlement and water areas during the study period. At the catchment scale, we found that afforestation has reduced the WY and surface runoff, while enhanced the ET. Moreover, this change was more pronounced at the sub-basin scale. Some sub-basins, especially in the northern part of the study area, exhibited an increase in WY due to an increase in the snow cover area. Similarly, extremes land use scenarios also showed significant impact on water balance components. The basin WY has decreased by 38 mm/year and ET has increased about 36 mm/year. The findings of this study could guide the watershed manager in the development of sustainable LULC planning and water resources management.

scholarly journals Hydrologic evaluation and effects of climate change on the Nong Han Lake Basin, northeastern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-1000
Author(s):  
Jirawat Supakosol ◽  
Kowit Boonrawd
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Regional Climates ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Effective Water ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the future runoff into the Nong Han Lake under the effects of climate change. The hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been selected for this study. The calibration and validation were performed by comparing the simulated and observed runoff from gauging station KH90 for the period 2001–2003 and 2004–2005, respectively. Future climate projections were generated by Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) under the A2 and B2 scenarios. The SWAT model yielded good results in comparison to the baseline; moreover, the results of the PRECIS model showed that both precipitations and temperatures increased. Consequently, the amount of runoff calculated by SWAT under the A2 and B2 scenarios was higher than that for the baseline. In addition, the amount of runoff calculated considering the A2 scenario was higher than that considering the B2 scenario, due to higher average annual precipitations in the former case. The methodology and results of this study constitute key information for stakeholders, especially for the development of effective water management systems in the lake, such as designing a rule curve to cope with any future incidents.

scholarly journals Regional water cycle response to land use/cover change for a typical agricultural area, North China Plain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Zhili Wang ◽  
Yongjun Lu ◽  
Mingming Song
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Cropland Area

Abstract Quantifying the influences of land use/cover (LULC) change on hydrological processes is important for rational utilization of water resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of spatiotemporal LULC change on hydrological components in a typical agricultural area located in the North China Plain at both basin and sub-basin scales. LULC change was quantified, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool was optimized using parameters associated with LULC conditions. We concluded that the urban and forest areas increased by 25.57 and 10.56%, with the cropland area decreased by 36.76%. About half of the surface runoff (SURQ) in the basin was generated from the urban area, with the SURQ increased significantly in the upstream and downstream of the basin where overlapped with urbanized areas. The proportions of evapotranspiration generated by cropland and forest areas increased slightly (0.89 and 0.55%, respectively), especially in sub-basins where the conversion of cropland to forest was obvious. Urban, forest, and cropland were the main types that generated water yield (WYLD). The proportion of WYLD generated on the urban area increased by 9.55% and decreased in other areas, which may be related to the combined effects of urbanization and forest reduction.

scholarly journals Functional Polymer Hybrid Nanocomposites Based on Polyolefins: A Review

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Sandra Paszkiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Pypeć ◽  
Izabela Irska ◽  
Elzbieta Piesowicz
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Polymer Hybrid ◽  
Engineering Plastics ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Right ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Structure Properties

For the last twenty years, polymer hybrid nanocomposites have enjoyed unflagging interest from numerous scientific groups and R&D departments, as they provide notable enhancement of properties, even at low nanofillers’ content. Their performance results from many factors, the most important of which is the uniform distribution in the entire volume of the matrix, that still is very challenging, but is the right choice of two types of nanoparticles that can lead to an increase of dispersion stability and even more uniform distribution of fillers. The incorporation of two types of nanofillers, especially when they differ in aspect ratio or chemical nature, allows to additively reduce the price of the final composite by replacing the more expensive filler with the cheaper one, or even synergistically improving the properties, e.g., mechanical, thermal, and barrier, etc., that can extend their usage in the industry. Despite numerous review papers on nanocomposites, there is no review on how the introduction of a hybrid system of nanofillers affects the properties of polyolefins, which are the most commonly used engineering plastics. This review deeply focuses on the structure–properties relationship of polyolefins-based hybrid nanocomposites, especially based on two types of polyethylenes (low-density polyethylenes (LDPE) and high-density polyethylenes (HDPE)) and polypropylene.

scholarly journals Simulating the Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrological Regimes of a Sparsely Gauged Mountainous Basin, Northern Pakistan

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saddique ◽  
Usman ◽  
Bernhofer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Climate Simulation ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
The Impact

Projected climate changes for the 21st century may cause great uncertainties on the hydrology of a river basin. This study explored the impacts of climate change on the water balance and hydrological regime of the Jhelum River Basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Two downscaling methods (SDSM, Statistical Downscaling Model and LARS-WG, Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator), three Global Circulation Models (GCMs), and two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for three future periods (2030s, 2050s, and 2090s) were used to assess the climate change impacts on flow regimes. The results exhibited that both downscaling methods suggested an increase in annual streamflow over the river basin. There is generally an increasing trend of winter and autumn discharge, whereas it is complicated for summer and spring to conclude if the trend is increasing or decreasing depending on the downscaling methods. Therefore, the uncertainty associated with the downscaling of climate simulation needs to consider, for the best estimate, the impact of climate change, with its uncertainty, on a particular basin. The study also resulted that water yield and evapotranspiration in the eastern part of the basin (sub-basins at high elevation) would be most affected by climate change. The outcomes of this study would be useful for providing guidance in water management and planning for the river basin under climate change.

scholarly journals Picking the Right Tool for the Job: A Reliability Study of 4 Assessment Tools for Central Venous Catheter Insertion

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-429
Author(s):  
Jason A. Lord ◽  
Danny J. Zuege ◽  
Maria Palacios Mackay ◽  
Amanda Roze des Ordons ◽  
Jocelyn Lockyer
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Background Determining procedural competence requires psychometrically sound assessment tools. A variety of instruments are available to determine procedural performance for central venous catheter (CVC) insertion, but it is not clear which ones should be used in the context of competency-based medical education. Objective We compared several commonly used instruments to determine which should be preferentially used to assess competence in CVC insertion. Methods Junior residents completing their first intensive care unit rotation between July 31, 2006, and March 9, 2007, were video-recorded performing CVC insertion on task trainer mannequins. Between June 1, 2016, and September 30, 2016, 3 experienced raters judged procedural competence on the historical video recordings of resident performance using 4 separate tools, including an itemized checklist, Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), a critical error assessment tool, and the Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (O-SCORE). Generalizability theory (G-theory) was used to compare the performance characteristics among the tools. A decision study predicted the optimal testing environment using the tools. Results At the time of the original recording, 127 residents rotated through intensive care units at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Seventy-seven of them (61%) met inclusion criteria, and 55 of those residents (71%) agreed to participate. Results from the generalizability study (G-study) demonstrated that scores from O-SCORE and OSATS were the most dependable. Dependability could be maintained for O-SCORE and OSATS with 2 raters. Conclusions Our results suggest that global rating scales, such as the OSATS or the O-SCORE tools, should be preferentially utilized for assessment of competence in CVC insertion.

CLIMATE- AND LAND USE-INDUCED RISKS TO WATERSHED SERVICES IN THE NYANDO RIVER BASIN, KENYA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
MWANGI GATHENYA ◽  
HOSEA MWANGI ◽  
RICHARD COE ◽  
JOSEPH SANG
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Watershed Services

SUMMARYClimate change and land use change are two forces influencing the hydrology of watersheds and their ability to provide ecosystem services, such as clean and well-regulated streamflow and control of soil erosion and sediment yield. The Soil Water Assessment Tool, SWAT, a distributed, watershed-scale hydrological model was used with 18 scenarios of rainfall, temperature and infiltration capacity of land surface to investigate the spatial distribution of watershed services over the 3587 km2 Nyando basin in Western Kenya and how it is affected by these two forces. The total annual water yield varied over the 50 sub-basins from 35 to 600 mm while the annual sediment yield ranged from 0 to 104 tons ha−1. Temperature change had a relatively minor effect on streamflow and sediment yield compared to change in rainfall and land surface condition. Improvements in land surface condition that result in higher infiltration are an effective adaptation strategy to moderate the effects of climate change on supply of watershed services. Spatial heterogeneity in response to climate and land use change is large, and hence it is necessary to understand it if interventions to modify hydrology or adapt to climate change are to be effective.

Hemispheric Dominance Vis-À-Vis English Language Performance Results and Creativity Levels among College Freshmen

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta B. Tendero
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
English Language ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
State University ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Relationship Of

The English language is an instrument to acquire newknowledge in science, mathematics, humanities and social sciences since the world of knowledge in these areas is generally available in English. Hence, it is being maintained and continuously studied. This study investigated the relationship of students’ hemispheric dominance with English language performance and creativity levels in the context of 423 students randomly chosen from the freshmen population of the thirteen colleges at the Western Mindanao State University, Philippines. For this end, the study employed Descriptive - Correlation Method through which the respondents were asked to complete the six tests, namely: the Hemispheric Dominance Test, the Listening and Reading Comprehension Tests, the Speaking and Writing Skill Tests, and the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking – Figural Form B, Research Edition. Pearson r results revealed that correlation coefficients of -.0.13 between hemispheric dominance and language performance and 0.011 between the former and creativity were not significant at p< .05. This led to the conclusion that the respondents’ hemispheric dominance was not significantly related to their English language performance and their creativity level. Generally, the left-brained, the right-brained or the whole-brained students may be good or poor in the language and in the creativity tests. Keywords - Educational Psychology, hemispheric dominance, leftbrained, right-brained, whole-brained, English language performance, receptive skills, productive skills, creativity level, descriptive research, Zamboanga City, Philippines

Significance of meltwater in estimating runoff using Budyko framework in Northwest Xinjiang, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Bai ◽  
Junli Li ◽  
Tie Liu ◽  
Anmin Bao
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Altay Mountains ◽  
Hydrological Cycles

&lt;p&gt;Budyko framework has been widely used to estimate the partitioning of precipitation into evapotranspiration and runoff as a function of an aridity index (i.e., ratio of potential evapotranspiration to precipitation) in catchments where snow or glaciers are absent. Where snow or glaciers exist, meltwater from either may considerably affect the performance of the Budyko framework. However such effects have not been investigated in the Xinjiang territory of Northwest China, which features many meltwater-dependent river systems. To analyze the effects of meltwater on hydrological cycles in Xinjiang, we utilized a calibrated hydrological model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) to estimate meltwater from snow or glaciers. The water budgets of 21 catchments across three major mountain ranges of Xinjiang showed that normalized contributions of meltwater to river runoff were respectively 89.9%, 77.0%, and 55.6% in the catchments of Altay, Kunlun and Tienshan Mountains. The results showed that the catchments of Altay Mountains with the highest meltwater ratio (defined as the ratio of meltwater to the sum of meltwater and rainfall, 0.572 &amp;#177; 0.075) had the lowest Budyko parameter &amp;#969; (1.238), while those of Tienshan Mountains with the lowest meltwater ratio (0.239 &amp;#177; 0.143) had the highest &amp;#969; value (1.348). This indicated that the Budyko parameter &amp;#969; was negatively correlated to meltwater ratio across three mountains. Incorporating meltwater from snow and glaciers into the Budyko framework significantly increased the values of &amp;#969; in all three mountain ranges, indicating that the Budyko framework without inclusion of meltwater could under-estimate evapotranspiration in Xinjiang, China. There results derived from this research also implied that both surface runoff and evapotranspiration may increase under a warming climate in mountain areas.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals How water level management affects cladoceran assemblages in lakes lateral to a reservoir

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Debastiani-Júnior ◽  
Marcos Gomes Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Main River ◽  
River Reservoir ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Water Level Management ◽  
Loss Of Diversity ◽  
The Right

This study analysed the effects of induced water level depletion for macrophyte control in a tropical reservoir on the cladoceran fauna of two differentially connected lateral lakes. One lake, Pedra Branca, is located in the right margin and has a narrow connection to the main river–reservoir channel as well as a higher proportion of submerged macrophytes. On the opposite margin is Lake Guaritá, which is shallower and has a wider connection. Samples were collected over 16 consecutive months, including periods before, during and after depletion. Both lakes showed closely related trends in depth, pH, DO, conductivity, chlorophyll, temperature, suspended matter, phosphorus, nitrogen, silicate and ammonium variation, although a wider amplitude in variation was observed in Pedra Branca. This lake also had higher cladoceran diversity and a predominance of Chydoridae, whereas Bosminidae prevailed in Guaritá. Depletion caused a reduction in richness and an increase of Bosminidae in both lakes, although this was more pronounced in Pedra Branca. The management moderately affected both lakes but continuous application of this procedure may lead to a shift in the system steady-state and a loss of diversity that could be difficult to reverse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document