scholarly journals AKTIVITAS FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT KULIT BUAH JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia (Christ) Swing) SEBAGAI ANTIPIRETIK PADA MENCIT YANG DIINDUKSI VAKSIN DPT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-349
Author(s):  
Satrio Wibowo Rahmatullah ◽  
◽  
Eka Fitri Susiani ◽  
Muhammad Reza Fahlevi ◽  
Guntur Kurniawan ◽  
...  

Lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing) is one of the types of oranges containing elements of compounds that are beneficial, so widely used as traditional medicine. This research aims to know the antipyretic activity of ethyl acetate fraction peel of lime. Phytochemical screening test result fraction ethyl acetate lemon rind contains flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and essential oils. Total of 25 mice were divided into 5 groups, group I negative control, group II positive control, group III,IV,V were given ethyl acetate fraction at a dose of 0,07%/gBW,, 0,105%/gBWand 0,14%/gBW. Based on the results of graph average temperatures decrease the dose that the third has antipyretic activity because it can lower the temperature and the largest decreased in temperature at a dose 0,14%/gBW. Based on the test result ANOVA obtained sig. value 0,000. which means there is a temperature difference of meaning between 5 group treatment. And on Independent Test Sample T-test between a positive control with a dose 0,14%/gBW the value of sig. 0,601 (> 0,05) which means there is no meaningful difference.

Author(s):  
Hendrika Andriana Silitonga ◽  
◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽  
Rosita Juwita Sembiring ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response which plays an important role in the development of acute and chronic gastritis. Harmless anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). Antioxidant (flavonoid) and cell regeneration (alkaloid) agents were found in chayote. This study aimed to determine the effect of chayote Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz extracts on the level of IL-8 in Wistar rats with aspirin- induced gastritis. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted at the laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatra Utara from January to February 2020. A total of 35 male Wistar rats was selected for this study and randomly allocated into 7 groups: (1) Negative control; (2) Positive control; (3) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract ; (4) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethanol extract; (5) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; (6) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; and (7) 20 mg omeprazole. The rats in positive control and treatment groups were induced with aspirin (200mg/ kg BW). The negative control group received no intervention. The dependent variable was level of IL-8 measured by ELISA. The independent variables were treatment status. The data were analyzed by One Way Anova and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of IL-8 level were not statistically significant between study groups (p= 0.327). Mean of IL-8 level was higher in positive control group (Mean= 160.80; SD= 6.90) than in negative control group (Mean= 141.20; SD= 10.98). The lowest IL-8 level was in 100mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 149.94; SD= 40.4), followed by 200mg/ kg BW (Mean= 152.4; SD= 30.73) and 100mg/ kg BW (Mean= 164.60; SD= 25.04) chayote ethyl acetate fraction groups, 20 mg omeprazole group (Mean= 170.60; SD= 21.58), and 200 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 176.80; SD= 10.98). Conclusion: The low dose (100mg/ kg BW) chayote ethanol extract has the most potential antiinflammation effect on in vitro gastritis with the lowest IL-8 level of all doses of chayote ethanol extract, chayote ethyl acetate fraction, and omeprazole. Keywords: antiinflammation, IL-8, chayote ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, omeprazole, aspirin induced gastritis Correspondence: Hendrika Andriana Silitonga. Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281361430688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.35


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Verawati Verawati ◽  
Mimi Aria ◽  
Iyun Julia Ningsih

<p>Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and vascular diseases. Medicinal plants with different content of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and flavonoids are natural sources to cope hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of piladang leaves (<em>Solenostemon scutellarioides</em> (L) Codd) on serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic male rats. Rats were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 6 animals: group I (negative control), group II (positive control), group III, IV and V were each given fraction of ethyl acetate doses respectively 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg and group VI (simvastatin as a comparator). Measurement of serum cholesterol levels were conducted with CHOD-PAP method using a photometer 5010. Result showed ethyl acetate fraction affects cholesterol levels of experimental animals with a lower value than the positive control. According to statistics of one way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test method SPSS 17 showed no significant differences (p&gt; 0.05) on cholesterol levels in all given doses of ethyl acetate fraction. Group III(a dose of 100 mg / kg) was probably the most effective in lowering the blood cholesterol levels of experimental animals.</p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmiyenti Djaliasrin Djalil ◽  
Siti Musyarofah ◽  
Bayu Satria Nugroho Putra ◽  
Erza Genatrika ◽  
Ika Yuni Astuti

ABSTRAK Insomnia merupakan gangguan yang menyebabkan penderita mengalami ketidakmampuan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan tidur. Pemilihan terapi insomnia di Desa Lembarawa, Brebes, secara empiris biasanya menggunakan biji orok-orok (Crotalaria juncea L.) sebagai sedatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa biji orok-orok memiliki potensi sebagai sedatif dengan dosis yang tepat. Biji orok-orok diekstrak menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak yang diperoleh selanjutnya difraksinasi dengan pelarut etil asetat dan metanol. Ekstrak dan fraksi yang diperoleh kemudian diujikan terhadap mencit. Mencit dibagi menjadi 12 kelompok, kelompok I kontrol positif (fenobarbital 60 mg/Kg BB) kelompok II kontrol negatif (NaCMC 1%), kelompok III-IV merupakan kelompok perlakuan ekstrak metanol dengan konsentrasi 50 dan 200 mg/Kg BB, kelompok V-VIII merupakan fraksi etil asetat dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 7,5; 15; 22,5; dan 30 mg/Kg BB, kelompok IX-XII merupakan fraksi metanol dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 25, 50, 75, dan 100 mg/Kg BB. Parameter yang digunakan adalah daya cengkeram mencit, reflek balik badan mencit, diameter pupil mata, serta daya jatuh menit. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat dan metanol memiliki efek sedatif. Efek sedatif paling baik ditunjukkan oleh fraksi metanol 100 mg/Kg BB yang mendukung terapi untuk insomnia. Kata kunci: biji orok-orok, Crotalaria juncea L., sedatif. ABSTRACT Insomnia is a disruption that can not supply the needs of sleeping. In Lembarawa, Brebes, insomnia was treated empirically using Crotalaria Juncea L. (orok-orok). The purpose of this study was to prove that the seeds of Crotalaria juncea L. had potential as a sedative. Orok-orok seeds methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanolic fraction were observed as a sedative. Mice were divided into 12 groups: positive control group (phenobarbital 60 mg/Kg BW), negative control group (Na CMC 1%), methanolic extract of orok-orok seeds with doses of 50 and 100 mg/Kg BW, ethyl acetate fraction with doses of 7.5; 15; 22.5; and 30 mg/Kg BW, methanolic extract with doses of 25; 50; 75; and 100 mg/Kg BW. The sedative activity was investigated in mice including diameter mouse’s pupil, grip strange performances, return mice reflect, and rotarod performances. The results suggest that methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanolic fraction of orok-orok seeds possess potent sedative activity. The highest activity was obtained by using 100 mg/Kg BW of methanolic fraction, which supported its therapeutic use for insomnia. Keywords: Crotalaria juncea L., Orok-orok seeds, a sedative.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Laily Rahmawati ◽  
Erma Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Rosita Dewi

  The niacin in energy drinks has metabolic product that cause oxidative stress and liver damage, while the liver damage can be prevented by hepatoprotective agents. Scoparone in Artemisia vulgaris L. can act as a hepatoprotector by its antioxidant effect. This study aimed to investigate the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract as a hepatoprotector in wistar hepatocytes induced by niacin. This study used 25 male rats which were divided into 5 groups: normal, the negative control, the positive control, the treatment group I, and II. Treatment was conducted for 28 days. The samples were terminated and the hepatocyte were prepared for histological examination. Histological appearance was catagorized as mild, moderate, and severe damage with or without inflamatory cells activity. The data analysis by Kruskal Wallis showed significant difference (p<0,001). Further analysis by Mann Whitney revealed significantly difference (p<0,05) between normal group and all groups, negative control group and positive control group, and positive control group and treatment group I, but not significantly difference between negative control group and treatment group I, negative control group and treatment group II, positive control group and treatment group II, and between treatment groups. The study concluded that the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract has not been proven as a hepatoprotector but further study is needed to draw a definite conclusion.   Keywords: energy drink, niacin, Artemisia vulgaris L., hepatoprotector  


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Reetu Arora ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal ◽  
Kavneet Takhar

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.


2021 ◽  
pp. 979-990
Author(s):  
Novie Elvinawaty Mauliku

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a tuberculosis infection that is resistant to the treatment at least two of the most powerful anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as Isoniazid and Rifampisin. Increased cases of MDR-TB in morbidity and mortality become obstacles in the control of tuberculosis (TB), thus requiring supportive treatment of natural ingredients that can contribute in the treatment of TB, such a noni fruit. The main objective of this study was extract of noni fruits to inhibition the growth of strain MDR-TB bacteria, and compered it with the anti-TB drugs. The Morinda c. Linn (Noni) fruits was extraced by ethanol (96%). The extract was filtered through whatman No.1 filter paper, evaporated to dryness on a water bath until the solvent evaporated completely and yield of the crude extract. The experiment were divided into 3 groups, i.e.: negative control: group I; positive control: group II; crude extracts noni fruit: group III: combinations of crude extracts noni fruit and anti-TB drugs (K, AK, and OF). Each group was divided into three groups’ doses of 30 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml. The Anti-tuberculosis activities of extracts noni fruit and K, AK, and OF against TB-MDR bacteria were tested by susceptibility test using proportion method in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media.The anti-tubercular activity of noni fruits was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bacterial growth at various doses 30 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, and 50 mg/ml. The research design used post-test only contol group, and analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoct test. The extracted of Morinda c.Linn (noni) fruits have antitubercular activity to inhibiton of growth MDR-TB bacteria at various doses (p value=0,000). At a dose 30 mg/mlthe mean rate of the growth colonies of MDR TB-bacteria whit the mean rate 59,00 ± 27,81, and at a dose 40 mg/ml was1,50 ± 2,81. While at a dose of 50 mg/ml the bacterial colonies of MDR-TB did not grow in media. The combination of Morinda c.Linn (noni) fruit with anti-tuberculosis drugs, was the smallest groups to inhibit and eliminate MDR-TB bacteria at a dose 30 mg/ml(0,00 ± 00.00). The experimental results confirmed the extracted of Morinda c.Linn (noni) fruits have antitubercular activity as well as anti-TB drugs, and the combination of the extracted of Morinda c.Linn (noni) fruits and anti-TB drugs was the best groups to inhibiton of growth MDR-TB bacteria.   Keywords: TB-MDR Bacteria, Morinda c. Linn (Noni), Anti-TB drugs, Anti-tubercular activity, MIC.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Joni Tandi ◽  
Dela Erni Paerunan ◽  
Nurifa Nurifa ◽  
Yunlis Silintowe Kenta ◽  
Sri Mulyani

This study aims to determine the potential for glucose levels in the blood of ethanol extracts of the begonias (Begonia Sp.), the effect of the extract on the pancreatic histopathology of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which was induced by streptozotocin, and the effective dose begonias’ extract leaves on the histopathological descriptions of pancreatic male white rats. This study was an experimental laboratory where the research group consisted of group I (the control group) as a normal control was given a standard feed, group II (negative control) was given a 0.5% Na CMC suspension, group III (positive control) was orally given glibenclamide and experimental groups IV, V, and VI (doses 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW). Were given ethanol extract of begonias leaves. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the begonias (Begonia Sp.) contained secondary metabolite compounds, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, and tannins. Ethanol extract of begonias leaves at adose of 50 mg/kg BW was an affective dose in reducing blood glucoselevels by an avarage of 101,8 mg/dL) and a dose of 50 mg/kg BW can affect the histopathological picture of the pancreas in STZ induuced rats with an average damage value of 2 from a maximum of 4.


Author(s):  
Niken Indriyanti ◽  
Joewono Soeroso ◽  
Junaidi Khotib

Ethyl acetate fraction of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers leaves (EF-KP) is a potential material to be developed for lupus treatment. The aim of this research was to measure the effects of the EF-KP on lupus arthritis mice.  The research was performed by testing of CD123+IFN-α+ dendritic cells and CD68+IL-6+ macrophages as the main biomarkers by using flow cytometry methods, and then the outcomes were directly observed in the joint’s tissue structure. The results of the research were analyzed by using statistics. The EF-KP reduces the relative percentages of CD123+IFN-α+ dendritic cells significantly (p<0.05) with the percentage of 32.95±8.25% (negative control); 23.28±9.31%* (EF-KP); 22.98±10.39%* (positive control). It also reduces the relative percentages of CD68+IL-6+ macrophages but not significantly (p>0.05). Finally, the outcome to the grade of joint damage was scored by using Pritzker method. The treated groups have one grade lower, and the joint spaces were narrower than the untreated group. The results show the ability of the active compounds in EF-KP, which are comparable to 0.042 mg/Kg quercetin, to inhibit the progress of lupus arthritis pathogenesis in mice. It reveals the effectiveness of the EF-KP in human with lupus arthritis. However, the further clinical research is necessary.


1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1509-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
A.J. Dunipace ◽  
G.K. Stookey

There has been little information and much confusion regarding the genotoxic effects of fluoride. The purpose of this study was to examine the spermatogenic influence of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the germ cells by means of the mouse sperm morphology test. Male mice of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at about eight weeks of age and maintained on a low-fluoride diet (<0.2 ppm F) and distilled water ad libitum throughout the experiment. At approximately 13 weeks of age, the animals were randomly assigned to eight groups. Group I was intubated with the Maximum Tolerable Dosage (MTD) of NaF (70 mg/kg). Groups II through VI received NaF by stomach intubation at doses of 35, 20, 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Group VII served as a negative control and was intubated with distilled water. The positive control, Group VIII, was exposed to a known mutagen, cyclophosphamide (20 mglkg, i.p). The animals were treated daily for five days, and killed by cervical dislocation 35 days after the first exposure to chemicals. Slides of sperm from the cauda epididymides were prepared and blindly scored for morphological abnormalities. Weight of the testes was recorded, and the femurs were saved for fluoride (F) analysis. Analysis of bone F demonstrated the effective absorption of fluoride following intubation. The counts of abnormal sperm and the weights of the testes for mice exposed to NaF doses up to the MTD were not significantly different from those of the negative control. The results of this study showed that NaF did not have adverse effects on mouse sperm morphology.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1587-1595
Author(s):  
Umer Aleem ◽  
Rahman Shah ◽  
Noor Khan ◽  
M. Suliman

Objectives: Hepatotoxicity is the most complicated side effect of isoniazid (inh)in the patient treated for tuberculosis. In causes 8–30% hepatotoxicity in the developing world.Metabolism of INH produces a metabolite, called acetyl isoniazid. In this study hepatoprotectiveeffect of honey, in isoniazid induced animal model was assessed. Study Design: Randomizedcontrol trial. Setting: Saidu Medical College, Saidu Sharif Swat, KP. Period: October ToDecember 2017. Material and Methods: 40 healthy male rabbits were assigned randomly tothe group i, ii, iii and iv by using lottery method. Ten animals were grouped each row. Theisoniazid-induced hepatotoxic model was created by giving 50 mg inh/kg orally on daily basisfor eleven days. Group i was taken as negative control group ii as a positive control. Group iii andiv were experimental groups treated with 50 mg /kg/day and 100 mg /kg/day buckwheat honeyrespectively for eleven days. SPSS Version 16 software was used, mean, s.d. were determinedin all the groups. Values of serum bilirubin, sgpt, and alkaline phosphatase were comparedwith each other using pairt-test. Results: SGPT, Serum bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatasewere obtained in all the animals. Comparing group 1 negative control with group 2, 3 and 4shows statistical significance, (p=0.00). Comparing group 2 positive control with 3 and 4 showsstatistical significance, (p=0.00). Further comparing group 3 with group 4 also shows statisticalsignificance (p=0.00). Conclusion: From the above finding, it has been revealed that honeyhas got a protective effect in regressing hepatitis that has been induced in rabbit’s model byhigh doses of isoniazid. Related studies performed in which different chemicals and drugs havebeen tried for their protective role in isoniazid induced hepatitis also shows a similar type ofresults.


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