scholarly journals К РАСЧЕТУ КОНСТРУКТИВНЫХ И РЕЖИМНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ КОНВЕЙЕРА ДЛЯ ПРОРАЩИВАНИЯ ЗЕРНА

Author(s):  
S.V. Vendin ◽  
Y.V. Saenko ◽  
E.A. Martynov ◽  
V.Y. Strakhov

Зерно основное сырьё для получения концентрированных кормов, используемых в рационах животных. Содержание зерновых концентратов в рационах может составлять от 20 до 80 в зависимости от вида животных. Кормовые смеси должны быть сбалансированы не только по содержанию протеинов, углеводов, минеральных веществ, но и по содержанию витаминов. Промышленность выпускает большое количество витаминных добавок, но их стоимость достаточно высокая. Обогащение кормов витаминами возможно за счет использования пророщенного зерна. Известно, что в процессе прорастания зерно переходит в новое качественное состояние. Процесс прорастания сопровождается изменением химического состава, соотношения элементов питания, влажности. Химические соединения переходят из сложных в более простые и легкоусвояемые формы. Разработана технология и комплекс оборудования для проращивания зерна, его последующей подготовки, добавления в корм и раздачи полученной кормовой смеси животным. При проращивании зерна необходимо получить одинаковый его слой на всей площади ленты. Для этого материал нужно равномерно распределить по длине и ширине конвейерной ленты. В результате получим одинаковый доступ к зёрнам воды и света, это будет способствовать одинаковой длине ростков. Применение предложенной технологии и комплекса оборудования позволит производить витаминные кормовые добавки с использованием пророщенного зерна, добавлять их в комбикорм, а также длительно хранить полученную кормовую смесь. С помощью предложенных математических выражений увязаны конструктивные параметры конвейера для проращивания зерна, его режимные параметры и физические свойства подаваемого материала.Grain is the main raw material for producing concentrated corn. Grain is the main raw material for producing concentrated feed used in animal diets. The ratio of grain concentrates in the rations can be from 20 to 80, depending on the type of animal. Feed mixtures must be balanced not only in the content of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, but also in the content of vitamins. The industry produces a large amount of vitamin supplements, but their cost is quite high. Feed enrichment with vitamins is possible through the use of germinated grain. It is known that in the process of germination the grain passes into a new qualitative state. The process of germination is accompanied by changes in the chemical composition, the ratio of nutrients, moisture. Chemical compounds are moving from complex to more simple and easily digestible forms. A technology and a set of equipment have been developed for the germination of grain, its subsequent preparation, addition to feed and distribution of the resulting feed mixture to animals. When germinating grain, it is necessary to obtain the same layer on the entire area of the belt. To do this, the material must be evenly distributed along the length and width of the conveyor belt. As a result, we will get the same access to the grains of water and light, this will contribute to the same length of sprouts. The application of the proposed technology and equipment complex will allow to produce vitamin feed additives using germinated grain, add them to mixed feed, and also store the resulting feed mixture for a long time. With the help of the proposed mathematical expressions, the constructive parameters of the conveyor for germinating grain, its operating parameters and the physical properties of the feed material. M, used in animal rations, were linked. The ratio of grain concentrates in the rations can be from 20 to 80, depending on the type of animal. Feed mixtures must be balanced not only in the content of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, but also in the content of vitamins. The industry produces a large amount of vitamin supplements, but their cost is quite high. Feed enrichment with vitamins is possible through the use of germinated grain. It is known that in the process of germination the grain passes into a new qualitative state. The process of germination is accompanied by changes in the chemical composition, the ratio of nutrients, moisture. Chemical compounds are moving from complex to more simple and easily digestible forms. A technology and a set of equipment have been developed for the germination of grain, its subsequent preparation, addition to feed and distribution of the resulting feed mixture to animals. When germinating grain, it is necessary to obtain the same layer on the entire area of the belt. To do this, the material must be evenly distributed along the length and width of the conveyor belt. As a result, we will get the same access to the grains of water and light, this will contribute to the same length of sprouts. The application of the proposed technology and equipment complex will allow to produce vitamin feed additives using germinated grain, add them to mixed feed, and also store the resulting feed mixture for a long time. With the help of the proposed mathematical expressions, the constructive parameters of the conveyor for germinating grain, its operating parameters and the physical properties of the feed material were linked.

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
K. Kostetska ◽  
◽  
I. Ulianych ◽  
V. Zheliezna ◽  
M. Holubiev ◽  
...  

Engineering in the technology of manufacture of extruded feed additives The aim of the work was to expand the range of animal feed and improve the technology of production of extruded feed mixture. Technology of use of preliminary preparation of raw materials: cleaning, reduction of quantity, its dosing according to the recipe, change and special means for improvement of technological authorities and increase of fodder value from processes: preliminary mixing, settling and extrusion of the mixture, cooling and grinding of the product depending on the purpose of the fodder Keywords: grain, fruit and vegetable raw materials, feed additives, extrusion technology, engineering.


Author(s):  
Süleyman Çalışlar ◽  
Mesut Karaman

Dioxins is one of the chemicals groups that cause liver toxicity, live weight reduction, immune suppression, reproductive impairments, eggshell thinning, birth defects, cancers and death in animals. The 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most poisonous environmental chemical and many studies were showed high dosage of TCDD affects all animal group. Also TCDD increase cancer risk in human so this chemical described as carcinogenic by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Dioxins are stored in animal foods such as meat, milk, eggs and fish, because they are soluble in oil and remain in these products for many years. Dioxins can dissolve in fat and high stability therefore it can be infected to meat, milk, egg, and fish and store there for long time as a result people could be contained with dioxin during daily life. Animal feed additives such as organic acids, pH modifiers, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, fat, fruit and by-products of plant, kaolinite, rendering products, pelleting aids cause dioxin contamination. The maximum dioxin content in plant-origin feedstuffs and their by-products is 0.75 ng toxic equivalent/kg body weight. In this rewiew, the effects of dioxins on livestock feeding was examined.


Author(s):  
M.T. SABITOV ◽  
A.R. FARKHUTDINOVA ◽  
M.G. MALIKOVA ◽  
N.G. FENCHENKO ◽  
N.I. KHAIRULLINA ◽  
...  

Изучена целесообразность использования в рационах телят черно-пестрой породы комплексной минерально-витаминной кормовой добавки (КМВКД). Установлено пониженное содержание в кормах таких элементов, как кальций, фосфор, магний, сера, марганец, медь, цинк и кобальт. Соотношение питательных и минеральных веществ, степень их доступности для усвоения организмом не обеспечивают их потребность. Использование КМВКД способствовало улучшению всех гематологических показателей. Все испытываемые рецепты, имеющие в своем составе разные варианты макро-, микроэлементов и витаминов положительно влияют на обменные про- цессы в организме животных. У молодняка опытной группы, получавшей подкормку по рецепту 1, количество эритроцитов в сравнении с животными контрольной группы увеличилось на 6,6, гемоглобина на 6,93 соответственно, по рецепту 2 11,05 и 11,39 по рецепту 3 16,75 и 15,27, то есть соотношение макро- и микроэлементов, имеющихся в составе КМВКД и взаимодействие между собой меди, железа и кобальта сыграли особую роль на концентрацию форменных элементов. У молодняка, получавшего подкормку по рецепту 1 количество общего белка в сравнении с животными контрольной группы увеличилось на 1,99, кальция на 16,02, каротина на 10,92 соответственно, по рецепту 2 4,91, 25,96 и 19,12 по рецепту 3 на 3,58, 27,07 и 20,21. Значительное повышение содержания белка, кальция, фосфора и каротина по сравнению с животными контрольной группы объясняется тем, что недостаток их в рационах восполнялся за счет используемой подкормки, в результате их содержание увеличилось в сыворотке, но не выходило за пределы нормативных данных и соответствовало физиологическим нормам.Practicability of using a complex mineral and vitamin feed additive (CMVFA) in the ration of black-and-white calf breed was studied. Decreased content of such elements as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, copper, zinc, and cobalt was registered. The correlation of nutritive and mineral substances, and the level of their availability for digestion did not provide for their need. CMVFA use facilitated the increase of all hematologic parameters. Tested recipes which had different content of sapropel and zeolite, as well as various types of macronutrients, microelements, and vitamins, positively influenced the digestive processes in animal bodies. Young stock from the test group that was receiving food additives according to recipe No. 1 showed 6.6 increase in the quantity of red blood cells compared to control group animals, and 6.93 increase in hemoglobin quantity the ones who were fed according to recipe No. 2 demonstrated the increase by 11.05 and 11.39 recipe No. 3 showed 16.75 and 15.27 increase, which means that the ratio of macronutrients and microelements present in CMVFA and the mutual interaction of copper, iron, and cobalt played a special role in the concentration of formed elements due to the fact that they are integral elements of blood. Total protein of young stock that was receiving food additives according to recipe No. 1 was 1.99 higher than in test group animals calcium 16.02 higher carotene 10.92 as for recipe No. 2 the values were increased by 4.91, 25.96, and 19.12 recipe No. 3 3.58, 27.07, and 20.21. Substantial increase in the content of protein, calcium, phosphorus, and carotene compared to control group animals can be explained by the fact that their insufficiency in animal feed was replenished due to the use of feed additives, and as a result their content increased in the serum but did not go beyond the norm and corresponded to physiological norms.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Wen-Yang Chuang ◽  
Li-Jen Lin ◽  
Hsin-Der Shih ◽  
Yih-Min Shy ◽  
Shang-Chang Chang ◽  
...  

With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.


2021 ◽  
Vol 713 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
D Wahyuni ◽  
M T Sembiring ◽  
I Budiman ◽  
T Utari ◽  
C D N Silaen

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Wagner ◽  
S. Ramaswamy ◽  
U. Tschirner

AbstractA pre-economic feasibility study was undertaken to determine the potential of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota. Specifically, utilizing straw for pulp and paper manufacture was of interest. The availability of cereal straw fiber supplies at various locations across the state of Minnesota, along with pre-processing issues such as transportation, harvesting, handling, and storage, are discussed and priced. The greatest economic advantage of straw for industrial use appears to be the low cost of the raw material compared to traditional raw materials. This also provides an excellent opportunity for additional income for farmers. The methodology and information provided here should be helpful in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing straw for other industrial purposes in other parts of the world. However, in some Third World countries, long-standing on-farm, traditional uses of cereal straws for fuel, fiber, and animal feed may limit their availability for industrial utilization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6017
Author(s):  
Gerivan Santos Junior ◽  
Janderson Ferreira ◽  
Cristian Millán-Arias ◽  
Ramiro Daniel ◽  
Alberto Casado Junior ◽  
...  

Cracks are pathologies whose appearance in ceramic tiles can cause various damages due to the coating system losing water tightness and impermeability functions. Besides, the detachment of a ceramic plate, exposing the building structure, can still reach people who move around the building. Manual inspection is the most common method for addressing this problem. However, it depends on the knowledge and experience of those who perform the analysis and demands a long time and a high cost to map the entire area. This work focuses on automated optical inspection to find faults in ceramic tiles performing the segmentation of cracks in ceramic images using deep learning to segment these defects. We propose an architecture for segmenting cracks in facades with Deep Learning that includes an image pre-processing step. We also propose the Ceramic Crack Database, a set of images to segment defects in ceramic tiles. The proposed model can adequately identify the crack even when it is close to or within the grout.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Popov ◽  
◽  
Irina P. Bogomolov ◽  
Olga A. Urazova ◽  
◽  
...  

Modern domestic feed production is developing at a fairly steady pace, which is facilitated by the increase in the volume and scale of production in the livestock sector. Today, domestic agricultural pro-ducers fully provide the domestic market with pork, poultry and egg. the efficiency of the development of the livestock sector depends on the quality of feed and the fattening system by more than 60%. All this proves the relevance and prospects of studying the dynamics of the development of feed production in order to im-prove the manageability of this area of management, organizational support, identify potential risks and de-velop effective solutions to minimize them. As the basic provisions of the study, it is worth noting: key produc-tion segments of the domestic feed industry; production volumes of mixed feeds, premixes, feed additives and concentrates in Russia; market leaders in the production of mixed feeds at the time of 2019.; the reasons for the transition of large companies to self-feed; the negative factors (risks) which impact on sustainable devel-opment of the Russian market of animal feed; scenarios of development of domestic fodder production in the short term (2–3 years) taking into account the most pressing problems and uncertainties (distribution COVID-19; higher prices for imported feed additives; devaluation; grain yield; volatility of prices for raw materials and components, logistics, etc.); substantiation of the prospects for the development of the Russian food complex against the background of the strengthening of the global problem of hunger and food security.


Author(s):  
A. V. Fominykh ◽  
I. N. Mikolaychik ◽  
Yu. I. Ovchinnikova ◽  
D. N. Ovchinnikov

Russian market of complete feed recent years shows a steady development. Currently the Kurgan region the state of base of feed and a shortage of specialized feed additives leads to a violation of maintenance conditions for livestock, reduced productivity. The increase in production of concentrates and complete feed currently is an actual scientific and technical problem whose solution is of great scientific and practical importance. To solve this problem, the technology of production of animal feed and PMVA on the basis of full-fat extruded soybeans produced using a shaft cooler and sapropel dehydrated with the use of filtering centrifuges continuous action has been proposed. The proposed technology of production of animal feed and PMVA completely solves the problem of removing excess moisture from the sapropel immediately after the production and delivery of product to the shore. The process of extraction and preparation for use of sapropel reduced from several days or months (winter freezing) up to several hours.


2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-520
Author(s):  
A. R. Navarro ◽  
Z. Lopez ◽  
J. Salguero ◽  
M. C. Maldonado

Lemon growing areas in the north of Argentina have industries that produce concentrated juice, peel and essential oil and generate a significant amount of liquid and solid waste as lemon pulp. In Argentina, despite the potential applications that the pulp has as animal feed and human and industrial raw material, only 10% is used for these purposes and the rest is discarded into the environment causing many ecological and economic problems. There is little information in the literature on biotechnologies for the treatment of this industrial waste. This paper shows that lemon pulp is a suitable substrate to be treated by anaerobic digestion. We obtained 86 and 92% reduction of chemical oxygen demand in a digester with a semi-continuous feed and retention time of 10 and 20 days respectively and a productivity of 0.406 g CH4/g VS h. Comparative tests showed that pre-digesting the pulp improved the process of digestion and increased biogas generation by 20%.


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