scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON SHEEP RUMEN METABOLISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
А.В. МИШУРОВ
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances

Проблема и цель. Для повышения эффективности использования питательных веществ кормов целесообразно применение биологически активных веществ (БАВ), способствующих улучшению физиологических процессов в организме животных для реализации их генетического потенциала – продуктивности. Целью исследований являлось изучить влияние БАВ (дигидроквертицина и органического йода) на рубцовый метаболизм у овец. Методология. Опыт проведен методом групп периодов в условиях физиологического двора ФНЦ ВИЖ имени Л.К. Эрнста, на овцах аналогах (n=6), имеющих хронические фистулы рубца по Басову. Животные 1-й опытной группы в дополнение к основному рациону получали 100 мл ДКВ, в рацион 2-й опытной группы добавляли 100 мг ДКВ и 1,05 мг органического йода. Результаты. Использование добавок в рационах животных опытных групп повлияло на общее содержание микроорганизмов в рубцовой жидкости, составившее во второй опытной группе 1,021 г/100 мл, что выше чем в первой опытной группе на 12,7 %, и выше, чем в контрольной, на 15,4 %. При этом образование бактерий в рубцовой жидкости в первой опытной группе было выше на 22,5 %, а во второй – на 8,7 % относительно контроля. Выявлен более низкий уровень концентрации аммиака в содержимом рубца животных первой опытной группы на 4,2 мг/% относительно контрольной и на 7,1 мг/% – второй опытной группы, что взаимосвязано с более эффективным его использованием рубцовой микрофлорой. Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что использование в рационе изучаемых биологически активных веществ способствовало наибольшему развитию и жизнедеятельности микроорганизмов рубца и в целом способствовало регуляции положительной динамики рубцового метаболизма, оказало положительное влияние на образование и усвояемость азота. Problem and purpose. To increase the efficiency of the use of feed nutrients, it is advisable to use biologically active substances that contribute to the improvement of physiological processes in the body of animals for the realization of their genetic potential - productivity. The aim of the research was to study the effect of biologically active substances (dihydroquerticin and organic iodine) on rumen metabolism in sheep. Methodology. The experiment was carried out by the method of groups of periods in the conditions of the physiological yard of L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry), on sheep analogs (n=6) with chronic rumen fistulas according to Basov. Animals of the 1st experimental group received 100 ml of DHQ in addition to the main diet. The 2nd experimental group got 100 mg of DHQ and 1.05 mg of organic iodine. Results. The use of additives in the diets of the animals of the experimental groups influenced the total content of microorganisms in the rumen fluid, which was 1.021 g / 100 ml in the second experimental group, that was higher than in the first experimental group by 12.7 %, and in the control group by 15.4 %. At the same time, the formation of bacteria in the rumen fluid in the 1st experimental group was 22.5 % higher and it was 8.7 % higher in the 2nd group relative to the control. A lower level of ammonia concentration in the rumen of animals of the 1st experimental group was 4.2 mg/% lower relative to the control and by 7.1 mg/% in the 2nd experimental group, that was interrelated with its more effective use of rumen microflora. Conclusion. The data obtained indicated that the use of the studied biologically active substances in the diet promoted the greatest development and vital activity of rumen microorganisms and, in general, contributed to the regulation of the positive dynamics of rumen metabolism, had a positive effect on the formation and assimilation of nitrogen.

COMPLEX FEED ADDITIVE TO NORMALIZE METABOLIC PROCESSES OF COWS

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Н.В. БОГОЛЮБОВА ◽  
Р.А. РЫКОВ
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Alt Activity

Изучен способ нормализации обменных процессов и повышения продуктивности молочных коров при использовании комплекса биологически активных веществ. Эксперимент проведен на коровах голштинской породы (n=12) с продуктивностью за предыдущую лактацию 9000 кг молока. За 20 дней до отела и в течение 65 дней после коровы опытной группы получали комплексную кормовую добавку (ККД), включающую минерал шунгит, холин в «защищенной» форме, пробиотик «Целлобактерин+» и жмых льняной, в количестве 200 г на голову в сутки в смеси с концентратами. Для изучения обменных процессов в организме коров (n=5) в конце опыта отобраны пробы крови и определены основные биохимические показатели. Для оценки продуктивных качеств проводили контрольные дойки. Отмечено повышение в крови коров опытной группы концентрации общего белка на 2,8%, глюкозы — на 26,8% (P≤0,01), фосфолипидов — на 15,2% (P≤0,05), снижение мочевины на 23,6% (P≤0,05), билирубина — на 23,8% (P≤0,01), активности АЛТ на 13,11 (P≤0,05), АСТ — на 14,6% (P≤0,05). Использование ККД позволило снизить и привести в норму активность ферментов: лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ), гаммаглутаминтрансферазы (ГГТ), креатинкиназы. Повышение интенсивности обменных процессов и нормализация показателей, характеризующих работу печени с использованием в питании комплекса биологически активных веществ ферментно-пробиотического, антиоксидантного и липотропно-гепатопротекторного действия, привело к повышению молочной продуктивности. A method of normalizing metabolic processes and increasing the productivity of dairy cows using a complex of biologically active substances has been studied. The experiment was carried out on Holstein cows (n = 12) with a productivity for the previous lactation of 9000 kg of milk. 20 days before calving and within 65 days after the cows of the experimental group received a complex feed supplement (CFS), including the mineral shungite, choline in a "protected" form, the probiotic "Cellobacterin +" and flaxseed cake, in an amount of 200 g per head per day mixed with concentrates. To study metabolic processes in the body of cows (n = 5), at the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken and the main biochemical parameters were determined. To assess the productive qualities, control milking was carried out. An increase in the blood of cows of the experimental group was noted in the concentration of total protein by 2.8%, glucose - by 26.8% (P≤0.01), phospholipids — by 15.2% (P≤0.05), a decrease in urea by 23,6% (P≤0.05), bilirubin - by 23.8% (P≤0.01), ALT activity by 13.11 (P≤0.05), AST — by 14.6% (P≤ 0.05). The use of CFS made it possible to reduce and normalize the activity of enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma glutamine transferase (GGT), creatine kinase. An increase in the intensity of metabolic processes and the normalization of indicators characterizing the work of the liver with the use of a complex of biologically active substances of enzymatic-probiotic, antioxidant and lipotropic-hepatoprotective action in the diet led to an increase in milk productivity.

Improving the fattening and meat traits of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
G. N. Vyayzenen ◽  
S. V. Razaev ◽  
A. G. Vyayzenen ◽  
N. S. Prodanov ◽  
A. E. Barashkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Substances

In order to save the cost of expensive compound feed, a number of biologically active substances (vitamins and amino acids) and improve the digestibility of nutrients for the first time in poultry meat using laser technology there is a real possibility of “transferring” the studied amino acids (methionine, glycine) and all water-soluble vitamins using a laser beam through the skin in the breast area of broiler chickens. The research has been carried out in Belgrankorm-Veliky Novgorod LLC in the Krestetsky district in the Novgorod region with a large-cage housing method of broiler chickens of the cross Hubbard. The duration of broilers rearing was 39 days, 4 recipes of compound feed based on wheat grain, corn, soybeen meal with the inclusion of fish flour, sunflower oil, corn gluten, sunflower meal, meat and bone meal and mineral additives (monocalcium phosphate, lime flour) have been used. For better assimilation of nutrients and biologically active substances by the body amino acids (methionine, glycine) and water-soluble vitamins Undevit, both individually and in combination with them in a ratio of 1:1 (by weight), in the form of powders passed through an infra-red laser beam in a spatial modulator, which were attached to two emitters (simultaneously) of the “Uzor-2K-Super” laser in the chest area have been used. Broilers of the experimental groups ate feed more often and faster than the herdmates of the control group. Air ozonation in the poultry house and broilers has been carried out in a mobile way using the Rios ozonator of the Decont series (mode 3, with a capacity of 20 g/m3 ). Innovative methods of influencing on the body caused the increase in the intensity of metabolic processes, growth and development, fattening and meat traits, and feed conversion in broilers.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF PROPOLIS ON BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD AND MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF INTESTINE OF YOUNG PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Nikolay Gaponov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances

This paper presents the results of experimental studies the influence of biologically active substances of propolis on micromorphometric parameters of the ileum in young pigs. The results of the experiment make it possible to ascertain a change in the functional activity of the studied organ after the use of the drug from propolis. Since the most active process of absorption of monomeric hydrolysis products, especially amino acids and carboxylic acids, occurs in the ileum. Hydrolysis of intermediate products to monomers and preparation of the transition to absorption is carried out by enzymes fixed on the intestinal cell membranes. And the level of bioconversion of feed and retention of nutrients depends on their shape and structure, which ultimately affects the payment for feed with products. Therefore, the study of the histology of the small intestine and especially the ileum is of great importance. So, as a result of the study, it was found that the most characteristic histological changes in the structural components of the intestinal wall are observed in young animals of the experimental groups. The thickness of the main lamina of the mucous membrane of the ileum in piglets in the control group is 308.28 ± 2.81 µm, in piglets in the experimental group – 255.49 ± 0.75 µm. The height of the villi of the ileum, in the animals of the control group, is significantly lower and amounts to 193.89 ± 2.66 µm versus 280.97 ± 3.37 µm in the experimental group. Similar changes are observed in young animals of the older age group. The height of intestinal villi in pigs of the experimental group significantly exceeds the indicator of the control group and is 256.89 ± 1.62 µm and 163.96 ± 0.61 µm, respectively. The muscle plate of the intestinal mucosa of the pigs in the experimental group is significantly thicker than the control and is 17.8 ± 0.2 μm and 8.89 ± 0.08 μm, respectively. The obtained experimental material substantially supplements the information on the biological properties of propolis preparations. In practical veterinary medicine, research results can be taken into account when prescribing propolis for medicinal and prophylactic purposes. Since histological analysis of intestinal sections did not reveal destructive or pathological changes in any of the compared groups. In feeding, using the obtained practical material, we can specify the stimulating effect of the propolis preparation to intensify the growth of animals depending on the age of the pigs.

CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF PASTA WITH POWDER FROM MARIGOLD INFLORESCENCES (TAGETES L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
SHAPOVALOVA Nataliia ◽  
VEZHLIVTSEVA Svitlana ◽  
ANTIUSHKO Dmytro
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

Background. The deficiency of essential nutrients in the human body is the root cause of reduced efficiency, general resistance of the body to various diseases. That is an urgent problem in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection. In this regard, the search for opportunities to meet the needs of the population in food products that contain biologically active substances (BAS) through the use of high-value and at the same time available plant raw materials is extremely important. Marigolds attract special attention among such raw materials. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition and evaluate the consumer properties of Tagetes L. varieties, zoned in the Kiev region, to prove the possibility of increasing the biological value of pasta by adding to their recipe powder from marigold inflorescences. Materials and methods. The object of research is pasta of B group (noodles). Inflorescences of marigolds of different varieties gathered during the flowering period in July-September 2019–2020 in the territory of Vasylkiv and Obukhiv districts of Kyiv region, Ukraine were used as enriching plant raw materials. The quality of finished pasta was assessed by organoleptic and physicochemical indexes (moisture content and titratable acidity). The content of mineral elements in the fine powder of marigold inflorescences was determined on the EXHERT-3L device, the quantitative composition and BAS identification – by spectrophotometric analysis on the device Specord-200 Analytic Jena UV-vis. The integrated quality index of pasta products was calculated taking into account the importance factors of individual indexes. Results. Comparing the obtained results, we can state that all the studied varieties – Gold Kopfen, Orange Flame, Hawaii, Equinox are characterized by high biological value, regardless of the area of collection. As a result of calculated and experimental studies it was determined that the addition of 7 % of the supplement does not provide the required supply of vitamins and minerals. Replacing the flour in the recipe by 20 % significantly improves the mineral composition, but deteriorates the taste and aromatic properties of pasta. The most optimal and rational amount of added additive is 15 %, as it improves the organoleptic properties of pasta and enriches their BAS. Conclusion. The usage of non-traditional vegetable raw materials, in particular powder from marigold inflorescences, which is rich in biologically active substances, allows not only to expand the range, improve the quality of finished products, but also increase the biological value of the product. The optimal amount of additive –powder from marigold inflorescences, was defined. It is 15 % by weight of flour in the production of noodles. This concentration allows not only to improve the organoleptic properties, but also to increase the content of biologically active substances – vitamins, micro- and macronutrients. The usage of non-traditional natural raw materials (powder from marigold inflorescences) allows to abandon artificial colorsand give the finished pasta a pleasant colorand aroma.

scholarly journals Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus (Amelanchier Medic) as source of biologically active substances and minerals

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Elena A. Laksaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Polysaccharide Complex ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Active Substances

An interest in plants of Amelanchier genus is stimulated by the necessity of search for plant sources rich in biologically active substances and possessing the ability to influence different physiological processes in a human organism. The article gives information about places of growth of different species of Amelanchier (Amelanchier Medic) and about the fact that its fruits contain high concentration of free sugars, relatively low level of organic acids, sufficient amounts of various vitamins and provitamins and a complex of mineral substances. Nutritive and biological value of Amelanchier fruits in complex may produce a beneficial effect on different biochemical and physiological processes of normal vital activity of a human organism. The data are given about a positive influence of enteral introduction of polysaccharides isolated from Amelanchier fruits, on different physiological processes that enhance adaptational reserves of an organism of experimental animals. In particular, it was shown that watersoluble polysaccharide complex (WSPC) of Amelanchier fruits activates erythropoiesis increasing the amount of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in blood of experimental animals and raises concentration of iron. WSPC improves physical working capacity and increases the body mass of experimental animals. Addition of watersoluble polysaccharide complex of Amelanchier fruits to blood of a healthy donor increases thermal, osmotic and peroxide resistance of erythrocyte membranes thus protecting cells against damage under action of adverse factors in the experiment. Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus may be recommended to be used as a food additive or a product in dietary and prophylactic therapy.

Influence of feed additive Vitartil on the productive traits and biochemical parameters of steers’ blood

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
S. S. Mirgalimova ◽  
A. O. Trufanova ◽  
R. R. Fatkullin
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Experimental Group

The physiological state of animals is to a certain extent characterized by hematological indicators, since blood occupies a special place in the body. By transferring nutrients and biologically active substances, the blood performs the general regulation of vital functions of the body. The use of Vitartil as a feed additive in the diets of animals leads to an increase in glycolytic processes and a decrease in the body’s need for oxygen delivery, which contributes to the growth of the animal body. The purpose of the research was to study the changes in blood parameters taking into account the age of Hereford steers against the background of the use of Vitartil feed additive to the main diet and its effect on the productive traits of animals. In order to carry out the experiment two groups of steers-analogs of Hereford breed have been formed at the age of 6 months per 10 heads in each. The difference between the groups was that the steers of the experimental group have been received the feed additive Vitartil in addition to the main diet. The greater yield of the meat part was in the steers of the experimental group in comparison with the herdmates of the control group. This indicator in the experimental group was 78,9 %, while in the control group it was lower by 1,6 %. The animals of the experimental group were superior to their herdmates in terms of meat weight by 1,4 kg or by 8,8 %. The relative number of bones was lower in the experimental group and amounted to 18,4 %, and in the control group 19,2 %. The meat content index was high in the steer have been received the biologically active additive Vitartil and was 4,3, and in the control group 4,0. It has been found that the use of Vitartil feed additive to the main diet of Hereford steers increases the blood content of hemoglobin and glucose, which has a certain effect on the morphological and chemical composition of meat, as well as increases its energy value.

scholarly journals Effects of biologically active substances on interior indicators of pigs in the early postnatal period

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Polozyuk ◽  
Tatyana Ivanovna Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances

The authors found out that the application  of dietary supplements "Glimalask Lact" allowed preventing the disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and saving all piglets throughout the experiment.  After application of "Agrocid super oligo", the safety of purebred piglets was 100 %, and for two pedigree piglets it was 96.7%.   In piglets of the 1st and 2nd control groups, disorder of the gastrointestinal tract was noted during the completion of colostral immunity and at weaning from sows.  The safety of purebred piglets was 96.7%, and of the two pedigree piglets  it was 93.4%. The number of γg-globulins in the blood serum of two breed piglings treated with the Glimalask Lact supplement increased by 3.5 and 2.5% compared to the piglets of the experimental group fed with Agrocid super oligo, and of the control group, The number of g-globulins in the blood serum of purebred  piglets it increased by 2.4 and 3.1% compared with analogues of the experimental and control groups.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN VEGETABLE PLANT NANO ADDITIVES USING PAROTHERMOMECHANODESTRUCTION PROCESSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Pogarskaya ◽  
Raisa Pavlyuk ◽  
Tatyana Kotuyk ◽  
Olga Yurieva ◽  
Nadiya Maksymova
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Method ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Active Substances

The aim of research is to develop a new method for the production of protein plant nanoadditives from dry chickpea in the form of nanopowders and nanopastes using the processes of steam thermo-mechanical destruction, leading to a high degree of mechanical destruction of biopolymers in separate constituent monomers, without destroying the latter. The new method is based on the use as an innovation of a complex effect on raw materials of steam-thermal treatment in modern steam-thermal devices (at a temperature of +70 °C) and non-enzymatic catalysis, which occurs when using fine grinding. The proposed method makes it possible to more fully reveal the biological potential of plant raw materials and transform hardly soluble, indigestible by the human body components of raw materials (in particular, cellulose, pectin substances, proteins and their nanocomplex and nanoassociates) into components that are easily absorbed by the body. The method makes it possible to more completely remove from the raw materials inactive bound forms of individual monomers of biopolymers, to reduce the molecular weight of biopolymers. At the same time, the efficiency of the resulting product increases significantly when consumed by the human body. New additives from chickpea are fundamentally different from traditional ones in properties and physicochemical state. The developed additives act simultaneously five in one: a source of essential amino acids and other biologically active substances, structure formers, gelling agents, thickeners and yellow dyes. The obtained protein supplements from chickpeas in combination with herbal Nanoadditives (from pumpkin, carrots, lemons, garlic, celery roots, ginger) were used as recipe components in the development of a new generation of confectionery products. The resulting confectionery products differ from the traditional ones in their low sugar and fat content (up to 5 %), high content of complete protein (from 13 to 20 %). In addition, 100 g of new products are able to satisfy the daily requirement for biologically active substances (β-carotene, phenolic compounds) and 0.5 daily requirement for vitamin C. The resulting products are natural, do not contain harmful impurities and exceed the quality of world analogues

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF MICROELEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF MECHANISMS OF PROTECTION OF THE BODY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
V. O. Velichko
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Substances

Analysis of literature data and the results of our own research show that even with intensive rearing of animals with the use of balanced feeding and keeping them in accordance with the technology - it is almost impossible to avoid stress. And especially, excessive man-made load on agroecosystems also has a negative impact on animal life. Factors that cause a decrease in immune status and the emergence of immune pathology in animals include: industrial technology of animal husbandry, chemicalization in crop and livestock production, man-made pressure, dietary imbalance in nutrients and biologically active substances. This increases the impact on the body of heavy metals, which displace nutrients from body tissues, in particular trace elements and replace them in metabolic processes, which is a potential prerequisite for the development of oxidative stress. The mechanism of development of stress reaction of an organism is closely connected with activity of POL (lipid peroxidation) and depression of antioxidant potential. Under these conditions, the ability of the organism to mobilize protective and adaptive capabilities in response to the action of negative factors becomes especially important. Keeping productive animals in adverse conditions, unbalanced feeding are components of immobilization stress, which reduces their productivity, affects reproductive function, metabolic and functional disorders, reducing nonspecific and specific resistance of the organism (Fedoruk & Kravtsiv, 2003; Velychko, 2008; Velychko, 2011). Under conditions of man-caused load on the environment, respectively, and animals – it is promising to develop effective methods for regulating the activity of the enzymatic system of antioxidant protection with the help of biologically active substances, in particular trace elements. The results of research confirm that this has a positive effect on the formation of productive and adaptive properties of animals. The system of antioxidant protection is a necessary part of non-specific reactions of the organism, a component of the processes of its adaptation to environmental conditions, a component of normal life, a factor in maintaining homeostasis. Widespread immunodeficiency and elucidation of the main links of their pathogenesis have exacerbated the problem of regulating disorders of the immune system. Therefore, knowledge of the patterns of formation of the immune status of animals, especially in the early postnatal period, is important in the development of methods for the correction of immunodeficiency, antioxidant protection.

scholarly journals CAUSES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORONARY SYNDROME X IN WOMEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
I.V. Tsiganenko ◽  
L.K. Ovcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances

The work considers the causes of the coronary X syndrome development in women by assessing the experimental group and the control group with typical angina pectoris with angiographically altered vessels. Each group included 30 patients. When studingy medical records of the patients in the study group, we found out that in the reproductive period all of them had hyperestrogenemia, confirmed by the laboratory data, with the corresponding consequences in the form of various gynecological diseases, while the patients of the control group had unburdened gynaecological history. In terms of the lipid spectrum, the results turned out to be opposite. In the experimental group, the rates were within the normal range, and the control level of LDL-C significantly exceeded the required values. Despite the fact that estrogens increase the concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood and lower the content of low density lipoprotein (LDL) that are atherogenic, their surplus has a less negative effect than their lack, as the risk of developing atherosclerosis increases with decreasing concentration, and with an increase there is a risk of developing endothelial dysfunction, which provokes the development of coronary syndrome X. These date confirm the development of endothelial dysfunction in the patients of the experimental group with hyperestrogenemia in the history resulted from the impairment of the process of proliferation of endothelial cells with subsequent imbalance of secretion of biologically active substances. Among them, there is nitric oxide, which causes the relaxation of smooth myocytes, thus resulting in vasodilatation, and endothelins, providing the opposite, vasodilating effect. Prostacyclines and thrombomodulins secreted by the vascular endothelium in physiological conditions, counteract platelet aggregation. In the case of damage to the vascular wall, the production of prostacyclin and thrombomodulin is suppressed, but the release of thromboplastin, platelet activation factor and von Willerband factor activates that promote platelet aggregation and blood clotting. Under the participation of other physiologically active substances, selectins, endothelial cells promote adhesion to their surface and further penetration into the site of inflammation of neutrophils, blood acidophils. Selectin is accumulated in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells in the form of specific electron-cellular inclusions, the so-called bodies of Weibel-Palade. Normally, vascular endothelium is impervious to blood components. However, being affected by a number of factors, and in particular histamine, endothelial cells lose contact with each other and decrease in number. This leads to the release of water and plasma proteins into the intercellular medium causing oedema. Due to the ability of the inner layer of vessels to produce a large number of biologically active substances, such changes can hardly be corrected by therapy.

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