The aspects of study of the onomastics in A. Platonov’s works

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Н.Б. Бугакова
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Image Creation

А. Платонов - известный русский писатель XX века, родившийся в Воронеже и проживший достаточно сложную жизнь, что не могло не отразиться на произведениях, создаваемых им. Особое внимание среди всего литературного наследия, оставленного А. Платоновым и изучаемого в разных аспектах (сюда входит проза, драматургия, публицистика и т.д.), привлекает специфика введения автором ономастических единиц разных разрядов. Имя собственное - это та лексическая единица, с употреблением которой мы сталкиваемся ежедневно в процессе использования языка для номинации людей, животных, стран, рек, поселений и т.д. Присущее именам собственным разнообразие как функциональное, так и языковое, привело к возникновению ономастики - науки, которая занимается рассмотрением имен собственных, названий и т.п. Полагаем, что имя собственное - это особый художественный элемент, не существующий в тексте самостоятельно и всегда взаимосвязанный с другими элементами текста, поскольку это необходимо автору для создания художественного образа. Анализ взаимодействия всех этих систем позволяет точнее понять замысел автора и цель введения в текст той или иной ономастической единицы. Очевидно, что введение автором в произведение конкретных ономастических единиц всегда не случайно, подобный выбор всегда обусловлен ассоциациями автора, связанными с тем или иным именем. В данном исследовании предпринята попытка провести анализ существующих в современной науке работ по исследованию особенностей функционирования ономастических единиц в творчестве А. Платонова. Рассмотренные нами работы масштабны, но исследование ономастических единиц в произведениях А. Платонова не теряет своей актуальности в связи с тем, что системные труды в данной области отсутствуют. A. Platonov is a famous Russian writer of the 20 century who was born in Voronezh and had a long and complicated biography reflected in his works. Platonov’s literary heritage which includes prose, plays, features etc. is studied in various aspects but special attention must be paid to the specificity of the author’s usage of proper names from different groups. A proper name is a lexical unit which is regularly used in the process of language nomination of people, animals, countries, rivers, settlements etc. The variety of proper names, both functional and lingual, lead to the foundation of onomastics as a science to study such lexical units. We think that proper names are special artistic elements which do not exist in the text by themselves as they are always connected with other text elements being necessary for the image creation. The analysis of the interaction of all these systems leads to the better understanding of the author’s ideas and the purpose of usage of a certain onym which never happens by chance but is always based on the author’s associations with the name. In the present article we try to analyze a set of contemporary scientific works devoted to the functioning of onomastic units in A. Platonov’s prose. The analyzed works are quite serious but the research of onomastic units in A. Platonov’s creativity is still relevant because of the absence of systematic studies in this sphere.

Reference and Preference in Narrative: Sherwood Anderson's Winesburg, Ohio

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Michel Grimaud
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Text Coherence ◽  
Specific Description ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Story And Discourse

In story and discourse proper names may be seen as one of five basic choices confronting the text producer: proper name (given name, surname); specific description (the tall one); classifier (the woman); pronoun (they); and zero anaphora. In Grimaud [1, 2], I studied cross-cultural (Hungarian and American) strategies in the use of those categories; in the present article, I look at some of the psychological implications of the various possible category choices by having twenty-five students comment on their preferences for one of the three versions of Sherwood Anderson's short story “The Strength of God” (in Winesburg, Ohio, 1919); a proper name only, a description only, and the mixed original version. Two influences dominated: a “friendliness” factor of proper names or descriptions (depending upon subject) and expectations concerning text coherence. Seven narrative maxims are postulated to account for the socio-cultural influences on preference for names in narrative.

scholarly journals Proper name as an object of semiotic research

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2/4) ◽  
pp. 197-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülle Pärli
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Linguistic Units

The present article is divided into two parts. Its theoretical introductory part takes under scrutiny how proper name has been previously dealt with in linguistics, philosophy and semiotics. The purpose of this short overview is to synthesise different approaches that could be productive in the semiotic analysis of naming practices. Author proposes that proper names should not be seen as a linguistic element or a type of (indexical) signs, but rather as a function that can be carried by different linguistic units. This approach allows us to develop a transdisciplinary basis for a wider understanding of naming as a sociocultural practice. The empirical part of the article uses one certain village in Estonia in Lääne-Virumaa district as an example to demonstrate how toponyms structure the social space, how they carry the memory and how naming practice highlights such changes in the semiotic behaviour of the social life that otherwise could have remained hidden.

scholarly journals Semantic peculiarities of diminutive forms of Spanish anthroponyms

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Victoria Dolzhenkova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Information Characteristic ◽  
The Core ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this research is the polemical linguistic question on the peculiarities of the semantics of proper name. The object of this research is the diminutive forms of Spanish anthroponyms, which function mainly in the colloquial discourse. Analysis is conducted on the semantic peculiarities of such diminutive forms as Paco, Pepe, Charo, Maruja from frequent Spanish anthroponyms, such as Francisco, José, Rosario, María. The analysis of practical material relies on the theoretical provisions and methods of empirical research of the Russian linguoculturologists and psycholinguists, as well as on the data of the Spanish National Institute of Statistics, materials of explanatory dictionaries of the Spanish language, and publicistic texts. The conclusion is made that the colloquial discourse is the core area of verbalization of the diminutive. It is also revealed that the semantics of diminutive forms of Spanish anthroponyms contains additional connotative elements that covey unique ethno psycholinguistic information characteristic to a single linguistic consciousness. Namely the presence of culturally determined components of meaning substantiates the transition of diminutives to the category of appellatives. This article is first to analyze the semantics of diminutive forms of Spanish anthroponyms  as separate proper names, as well as distinguish additional nuances of the  meanings of these lexical unit, which defines the scientific novelty.

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

Transposing Proper Names in Frank McCourt’s Memoir Angela’s Ashes from English into Maltese

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Grima
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Common People ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Conventional Meaning ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Processing Effort

This paper focuses on the transposition from English into Maltese of the various proper names encountered in Frank McCourt’s memoir Angela’s Ashes (Chapter 1). To achieve this aim, an extended practical translation exercise by the author himself is used. Eight different categories of proper names were identified in the source-text ranging from common people names to nicknames, titles and forms of address. Four different categories of cross-cultural transposition of proper names were considered, although only two were actually used. Various translation strategies were adopted ranging from non-translation to modification, depending on whether the particular proper name has a ‘conventional’ meaning or a culturally ‘loaded’ meaning. Although cultural losses were unavoidable, cultural gains were also experienced. Wherever possible, the original proper names were preserved to avoid any change in meaning and interference in their functionality as cultural markers. Moreover, a semantic creative translation was preferred, especially with proper names that were culturally and semantically loaded to reduce the amount of processing effort required by the target-reader and to minimize the cultural losses of relevant contextual and cultural implications in the target-text.

PROPER NAMES AS TERMINOLOGY IN SOCIAL SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Maximova ◽  
Tatiana Maykova
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Derivational Morphemes

Proper names reflect the interaction between society and language. They identify unique entities and are used to refer to them. At the same time, it is not uncommon of proper names to serve as a source for word-formation. It should be noted, however, that while in a natural language (notably English) proper names mostly give rise to denominal verbs or adjectives, terminologies are different. Most units that count as terms are nouns, which makes their semantics somewhat special. The paper originates as one of a series towards a typology of sociological terminology and endeavors to analyze the terms whose etymology refers to a proper name (that is, eponymic terms). The research poses the following questions: whether this type of terms is common in Social Science, what are their structural and semantic distinctions as well as mechanisms behind their motivation, whether they are culture specific. The terms were manually retrieved from a set of data of 2500 terminological units extracted from a number of dictionaries and other sources. They were further grouped by structural criteria and the nature of eponymous components and made subject to morphological and semantic analyses. The research shows that structurally eponymic terms are morphological derivatives or two-(or more)-word compounds, with their prevalence estimated at 2%. The authors come to conclusion that terms of this type feature substantial diversity with regard to their eponymous components; they are motivated through the combination of encyclopedic knowledge of the entity, represented by the eponym, and the semantics of derivational morphemes or appellative components. Mythology-based eponymous terminology is represented by two groups, the first tracing back to Antiquity or biblical tradition, and the second of later origin, which requires a specific cultural experience for the meaning to be retrieved. Further analysis shows that the latter type along with toponym-based terminology is culture-specific in relation to American culture.

Peut-on sauver un sens de dénomination pour les noms propres ?

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Kleiber
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Semantic Description ◽  
Procedural Approach ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
The Status ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Procedural Instruction

This study revisits the classic problem posed by the meaning of proper names, and proposes a procedural approach to this problem, by analysing the meaning of proper names as an instruction to find in long-term memory the referent that carries the proper name in question. This is a revision of my earlier theory of ‘naming predicates’ (Kleiber 1981), which captures the meaning of proper names like Louis in terms of paraphrases of the form “the x who is called Louis”. The concept of ‘naming predicate’ was meant to provide an alternative to the inadequacies of the two classic approaches to the meaning of proper names, viz. theories that analyse proper names as semantically empty (e.g. Mills, Kripke 1972) and theories that analyse proper names in terms of uniquely identifying descriptions (Frege, Russell 1956). An analysis in terms of naming predicates (‘the X called Louis’) gives proper names an abstract type of meaning, thus avoiding the disembodied sign that results from analysing them as semantically empty, and at the same time does not go to the other extreme of incoporating aspects of the referent in the proper name’s meaning, thus avoiding the well-known problems with referential identity (e.g. Tullius = Cicero) and the related puzzles of transparence and opacity. In spite of these descriptive advantages, further research has shown that there are a number of problems with the notion of ‘naming predicate’. One of these problems concerns the status of proper names in ‘naming constructions’ like I am called Louis. Applying a naming predicate analysis to such constructions either leads to infinite regression (Wilmet 1995), or — if Louis in the naming predicate ‘the x called Louis’ is regarded as a phonetic form rather than a proper name — to a denial of proper name status in the very construction that expresses the naming link between proper name and referent (Jonasson 1982). Another problem concerns the cognitive naturalness of an analysis in terms of ‘naming predicates’. While this analysis is quite natural in contexts like There is no Louis in this office, it works less well in contexts like This painting is a real Picasso and, most importantly, in prototypical uses like Louis is a painter and a sculpturer, where a naming predicate analysis solely identifies the referent as the carrier of the proper name. These problems have led me to propose a revision to the theory of naming predicates. The descriptive advantages of using the naming relation between proper name and referent as the basis of the semantic description are obvious, which means that this aspect of the theory needs to be maintained. What causes most of the problems, however, is associating this naming relation with a predicate. As an alternative, I propose to reanalyse it in a procedural sense, not as a predicate describing the referent but as a procedural instruction to look for the referent that carries the proper name. This puts proper names in the domain of indexical signs like deictic elements. Common nouns, on the other hand, are not indexical in this sense but stand for concepts, which means that indexicality only comes into the picture when deictic elements are added.

Rigidity

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Clear Case ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of

For an expression to be rigid means (abstracting from some variations) that it refers to one and the same thing with respect to any possible situation. But how is this in turn to be understood? An example will help us work through the definition. Take a word like ‘Aristotle.’ That word is a proper name; and proper names are a clear case of a type of word that refers. ‘Aristotle’ refers to a particular person, the last great philosopher of antiquity; in general, a name refers to the thing of which it is the name. To continue working through the definition of rigidity, we need to make sense of referring with respect to. It is tempting, for example, but mistaken, to understand a word's referring with respect to a possible situation as it's being used, in that situation, to refer to something.

St Aldhelm's bees (De uirginitate prosa cc. IV-VI): some observations on a literary tradition

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Casiday
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Broad View ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
The Relationship

Although the classic comparison of monks to bees owes its enduring success chiefly to the Vita S. Antonii, one of the most interesting developments of that simile is found in the prose treatise De uirginitate by Aldhelm of Malmesbury. In his writings, Aldhelm demonstrates familiarity with most of the conventional similes – monks are like bees in their industry, their intelligence, their chastity, and so on – but he also insists that monks are like bees in their ‘voluntary solidarity’ and obedience to leadership. This is a novel claim, one that I will argue Aldhelm makes by introducing a theme known from other Christian (and pagan) literature into his advice to nuns. The present article will describe the traditions incorporated by Aldhelm into his claim that monks, like bees, are obedient to a fault. In this way, this article will offer a broad view of the literary heritage to which Aldhelm's treatise belongs and in which it should be interpreted. This will entail an assessment of which sources Aldhelm likely knew. While this assessment is indebted to the excellent notes by Rudolf Ehwald (as indeed all scholarship subsequent to Ehwald must be),it will not be bound by Ehwald's conclusions. In some instances, I will posit sources not mentioned by, and perhaps not detected by, Ehwald; in others, I will with trepidation suggest refinements to Ehwald's work. It is hoped that on these grounds the article will be useful to students both of late antique monasticism and of Anglo-Saxon England. Since this is the goal of the article, it will be convenient to begin each section with an excerpt from Aldhelm and follow it with the relevant antecedents; each section will then be concluded with a return to Aldhelm; this will allow us to appreciate the distinctiveness of Aldhelm's contribution. The article itself will be concluded with an overview of the comparisons and of the relationship between the earlier writings and Aldhelm's.

Neurolinguistic and syntactic evidence for basic level meaning in proper names

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Van Langendonck
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Common Noun ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Level

This paper is intended to be an interdisciplinary investigation of the status of proper names, although it takes linguistics as its point of departure. In this study I will define proper names in terms of the currently developing Radical Construction Grammar, as promoted by Croft (to appear). Starting from the referential and semantic functions of proper names, I discuss the opposing theses of the language philosophers John Searle and Saul Kripke, and then formulate my position that proper names are assigned an ad hoc referent in an ad hoc name-giving act, i.e. not on the basis of a concept or predication as with common nouns. This ad hoc assignment can be repeated several times, so numerous people can be called John. Proper names do not have asserted lexical meaning but do display presuppositional meanings of several kinds: categorical (basic level), associative senses (introduced either via the name-bearer or via the name-form) and grammatical meanings. Language specifically, this referential and semantic status is reflected in the occurrence of proper names in certain constructions. I thus claim that close (or 'restrictive') appositional patterns of the form [definite article + noun + noun], e.g. the poet Burns, are relevant to the definition of proper names in English and also to the categorical (often basic level) meaning of the name. From proper names we can also derive nouns that appear as a special kind of common noun, e.g. another John. From a methodological viewpoint it is imperative to distinguish here between (proprial) lexemes or lemmas in isolation (dictionary entries) and proprial lemmas in their different functions (prototypically: proper name, nonprototypically: common noun or other). To corroborate the above theses, I will adduce recent psycholinguistic and especially neurolinguistic evidence. The overall argument will be based mainly on material from Germanic languages, especially English, Dutch and German.

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