scholarly journals INDO – CHINA TRADE: A NEW CENTRE PERIPHERY RELATIONSHIP

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Dr. Vaibhav Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Consumer Durable ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Names

Indo China trade names for last 3-4 years mainly because of three reasons one; China has become the robust trading partner of India outpacing USA, second; the balance of trade deficit of India is very high almost 60 Billion dollar, three; India and China are face to face on boundary issue and army skirmishes which has led to a boycott China slogan in India. But the issue do not end here. In fact China has become a manufacturing hub of all kind of industries in India. The inputs assembles spares as well as sophisticated machinery in India all Imported from China. In pandemic Covid-19 found that even dominant pharmaceutical companies of India are dependent on Chinese support. The whole consumer durable market of India is in fact only an assembly market. All parts of refrigerator, AC, cameras, microwave and what not are imported and then only assembly is done by Indian companies. Same is true for Electric gadgets, Telecommunication instruments, plastic industry and even handicrafts and handloom sector. Economics call it dependency of development. A Metropolis satellite like relationship in which India’s economic development at present is been conditioned by China. In fact this is an extension of Prebisch singer Centre periphery model where in the International division of labour is such that some group of countries (periphery) output, raw material, agro and mineral-based product to while the other group of countries (Centre) add value and exports them back to periphery. This leads to exploitation of resources of periphery and analogous development of the developed countries. In this research paper the researcher is trying to analyse the Indochina trade through the lens of dependency theory. KEYWORDS: Centre periphery relationship, manufacturing, exports, BOT, Indo China trade

Intellectual Property Rights on Traditional Knowledge and their Significance in Sustainable Societal Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 157-185
Author(s):  
P. Pushpangadan ◽  
T. P. Ijinu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Access And Benefit Sharing ◽  
Special Value ◽  
The Developed Countries

Rich biodiversity and equally rich cultural heritages are the two invaluable assets of most of the Third World Counties (TWC). Biogenetic resources are the primary source of valuable genes, chemicals, drugs, pharmaceuticals, natural dyes, gums, resins, enzymes or proteins of great health, nutritional and economic importance. Biodiversity regulates and maintains overall health of the life support systems on earth and is the source from which human race derives food, fodder, fuel, fibre, shelter, medicine and raw material for meeting his other multifarious needs and industrial goods required for the ever changing and ever increasing needs and aspirations. TWC members are still at the receiving end as far as the development of special value added products and herbal technologies are concerned. The developed countries, on the other hand, are emerging as super powers with their biotechnological strength. IPRs emerged strongly during the industrial revolution and it has been an important driving force behind rapid industrial growth and prosperity of the Western countries during the last 3 centuries. Nowadays Access and Benefit Sharing issues have become a central theme for subsequent detailed discussions and decision making under CBD, TRIPS and the WIPO. It is therefore increasingly urgent for the CBD to make ABS work as was intended. The entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol represents a step in this direction. In India, we can be proud of having the distinction of the first country in experimenting a benefit-sharing model that implemented in Letter and Spirit Article 8(j) of CBD.

scholarly journals Review of digital technologies in agriculture as a factor that removes the growth limits to human civilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01074
Author(s):  
Alexander Bogomolov ◽  
Victor Nevezhin ◽  
Margarita Larionova ◽  
Elena Piskun
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Growth Limits

According to Meadows' model, the main factor that determines the limits to the growth of the human civilization is the agricultural sector of the planet, the latter, however, significantly pollutes the environment and togather with other factors contributes much to global warming. A half of all the habitable land is used for agriculture. Unless the efficiency of agriculture is fundamentally improved and the amount of waste generated as a result, is reduced, a global catastrophe may befall in 30–50 years. Whereas agrarian “garbage” may not be just the waste that pollutes the environment, it can decrease the burden on the environment by being the raw material for fertilizers, feed or fuel manufacturing. Modern digital technologies can improve the efficiency of agriculture, organize low-waste or non-waste production and that will enable people to diminish the pollution of the environment and push away the limits to the growth of human civilization. The developed countries are using digital technologies more and more intensively to increase agricultural productivity and, at the same time, reduce both environmental pollution with agricultural waste and disruption of the ecological balance. The digitalization of agricultural business, the use of geoinformation technologies, drones, robots, artificial intelligence and other technologies of the digital society help to push the limits to the growth of human civilization away into the future.

BIM Implementation Maturity Level and Proposed Approach for the Upgrade in Lithuania

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalija Lepkova ◽  
◽  
Rana Maya ◽  
Sonia Ahmed ◽  
Vaidotas Šarka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Aec Industry

Recently, Building information modelling (BIM) proves its capability to solve the raised AEC industry issues. Therefore, several countries and entities pursue to transform into BIM especially the developed countries. Lithuania as a European country has a great challenge to cap up with the surrounding environment to implement BIM. This study aims to determine the BIM maturity levels in Lithuania and supposed the missed steps to upgrade to the next level. Eighteen important Lithuanian construction projects awarded the most successful implementing BIM are chosen as a case study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with several BIM experts whose work at the chosen projects. The analysis conducted by the most effective theoretical model entitled BIM Maturity Matrix (BIMM). The key findings of this research that Lithuania reached the BIM implementing maturity level 2 while some projects still at level 1 that proves the ability of Lithuanian AEC industry to softly and completely transfer the maturity to level 2 by the recommendation provided through the proposed approach at the end of the paper. These results provide a stunning opportunity to improve the AEC project performance and reap the benefits of implementing BIM. Future studies can develop a framework to improve the BIM implementation in Lithuania softly.

Influence of Hot Compression Moulding of Particulate Biopolymer and their Sandwich Layups for Sound Absorption Characteristic

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 1044-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najibah A. Latif ◽  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽  
M. Khairul Zaimy A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Absorption Characteristic ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Cooking Oils

Waste cooking oils are problematic disposal especially in the developed countries. In this paper, waste cooking oil is used as raw material to produce foam. The purpose of the study is to develop the high density solid biopolymer (HDB) by using hot compression moulding technique based on flexible and rigid crosslinking agents. Physical properties such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and density of HDB were examined. The acoustic study of HDB sandwich layups of flexible (F) or rigid (R) has been measured using an impedance tube test according ASTM E1050 standard up to four maximum sandwich lay ups of F and R HDB in different arrangement. It was revealed that the arrangement sandwich layups of FRRF HDB sandwich gives the lowest sound absorption coefficients. The resonance frequency for RFR, FRF and FRRF were shifted to the left except for RFFR. The highest increment was 35.7 %, observed from RFR compared to the three layers of sandwich HDB. For the conclusion, RFR HDB showed that could absorb more sound, thus having higher noise reduction coefficient (NRC) than the other sandwich layups HDB at low frequency.

scholarly journals Research on China-Pakistan Trade Potential under the Construction of “China-Pakistan Economic Corridor”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mughees Hassan ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Chen yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Trade Potential

Pakistan and China’s trade relation have always been good and growing. The trade volume has always been increasing dramatically every year and has come to a point where Pakistan is dependent on the imports from China. Although many researchers have chosen this topic and written, and this topic is also especially important. This research covers the aspect of the relation between China and Pakistan for example Industrial trade, Raw material etc. This research states the problems occurred between trade. Moreover, this thesis will be including empirical analysis and statistical data analysis of both the countries. Also, the study will include the policies and the trading the agreements. The micro and macroeconomics will be discussed and the effect of large imports from China. Trade deficit of Pakistan and the current account deficit will also be discussed. Demand and Supply and favorable government policies are discussed.

scholarly journals Formation of the structure of the system of information and analytical support of the state border protection processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kyrylenko ◽  
Oleksandr Meiko
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The State ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Job Responsibilities ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
The Developed Countries

The article deals with the actual problem of ensuring the activity of the border unit. The author formulated and substantiated the recommendations on the formation of the structure of the system of information and analytical support of the state border protection processes. The main part of the scientific article presents information on the content, nature and importance of the organizational and staff structure of the border unit: it is a set of rules and rules that shape human resources in accordance with the strategy of the border service measures are planned and agreed in advance, and focuses primarily on the powers and management style of its managers); The organizational and staffing structure of the border unit is a system of wishes, rules and restrictions in the relationship between the border service representatives and the service itself. Its main characteristics are defined: the clarity of division of labour into relevant positions (head of the unit, his deputy, etc.); presence of grouped posts (department or department); hierarchy of the system of positions (leading employee, employee, etc.); competences according to positions in the structure; the ordering of the connections between the posts according to the amount of job responsibilities. The content of the main regulatory and legal aspects of the formation of the organizational and staff structure of the border unit, orders for the functioning of the border service and so on is analysed. Prospects of further scientific researches in the context of this issue are presented: mechanisms of formation of organizational-staff structure of the border unit, introduction of foreign experience of functioning of the border agency (police, service) in the developed countries of the world are updated.

China in the Period of Global Crisis: Beneficiary, Victim or Culprit?

2010 ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
P. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mirror Reflection ◽  
Stabilization Policy ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This article analyzes new opportunities and challenges associated with Chinas entry into the world economy against the background of the recent crisis. It is shown that Chinas domestic macroeconomic disequilibria contributed heavily to the global disbalances which resulted in the global financial crisis. Extremely high rates of saving and investment, along with the huge trade surplus of China, are a mirror reflection of the US economic problems, such as negative gross saving rate, overdependence on consumer demand for economic growth, trade deficit and hefty inflows of foreign capital. Chinas economic cycle broke even in late 2007 - early 2008 that was aggravated with the recession in the developed countries. Hence Chinas economy met with unprecedented economic difficulties. Chinas government stabilization policy was up to the mark, and the economy has accelerated again. But deepening institutional reforms is essential for harmonic economic growth.

Effect of Thickness for Sound Absorption of High Density Biopolymer Foams

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najibah A. Latif ◽  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽  
M. Khairul Zaimy A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
High Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Cooking Oils

Waste cooking oils are problematic disposal especially in the developed countries. In this paper, waste cooking oil is used as raw material to produce foam. The purpose of the study is to develop the high density solid biopolymer (HDB) by using hot compression moulding technique based on flexible and rigid crosslinking agents. Physical properties such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and density of HDB were examined. The acoustic study of HDB for flexible and rigid has been measured using impedance tube test according ASTM E1050 standard with multiple layers of thicknesses. It was revealed that higher thicknesses of HDB exhibit less sound absorption coefficients. This situation is occurred for both flexible and rigid HDB. The frequency also shifted to the left when the layers of HDB were increased for both materials. The highest increment was 63.46%, observed from two layers from flexible and rigid HDB. For the conclusion, rigid HDB showed that they could absorb more sound, thus having higher noise reduction coefficient (NRC) than flexible HDB at low frequency.

scholarly journals Large and small farms in the agriculture of the Republic of Serbia

2007 ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Pejanovic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Developed Countries

The author deals with the current issue of the farm size in agriculture Thereby the starting point of the author is the experience of the developed countries of the EU, in which the policy of agglomeration has been implemented successfully for a long time. In the agrarian structure of these countries there coexist large, medium size, and small farms, which find their place and play a significant role in the division of labour and in the accompanying specialization within the concept of the integral rural development. Serbia is characterized by an unfavourable property structure on the one hand, and on the other hand by the uncompleted privatization and reconstructuring of agricultural enterprises and cooperatives. The agrarian policy has failed to solve the problem of our agricultural subjects which has resulted in the crisis in both agriculture and rural areas. Measures and activities which would contribute to finding the solution to these problems are required.

Globalization and Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
A. El’yanov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Developed Countries

There is still a considerable number of states in the world, where a substantial percent of humanity resides, for some reasons unable to meet the requirements of globalization and left behind as possible raw material supplier and labor. Thus situated, it is at least unserious to talk about the future pulling the developing countries up to the developed countries' level.

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