Persepsi Dewasa Awal Mengenai Kursus Pranikah

Abstrak - Pernikahan merupakan salah satu tugas perkembangan dewasa awal. Persiapan pernikahan yang dilakukan oleh pasangan dapat dilakukan melalui kursus pranikah. Kursus pranikah adalah pemberian bekal pemahaman dan pengetahuan tentang kehidupan rumah tangga/keluarga dalam mewujudkan keluarga sakinah, mawaddah warahmah serta mengurangi angka perselisihan, perceraian, dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat gambaran persepsi dewasa awal tentang kursus pranikah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian survei menggunakan. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang melibatkan 30 responden. Penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria dewasa awal usia 18 sampai 40 tahun, masa pernikahan kurang dari 10 tahun dan sudah pernah mengikuti kursus pranikah di Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) sebelum melangsungkan pernikahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dewasa awal memiliki persepsi yang baik terhadap kursus pranikah yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil persepsi terhadap hukum pernikahan memperoleh nilai rata-rata 3,50, dimensi mengenai mekanisme dan prosedur pencatatan perkawinan serta dimensi merawat cinta kasih memperoleh nilai rata-rata 3,37. Berikutnya dimensi penanaman nilai keimanan, ketaqwaan serta akhlaqul karimah dalam keluarga memperoleh rata-rata 3,32. Dimensi terkait fikih munakahat memperoleh nilai rata-rata 3,27. Serta dimensi pengetahuan umum mengenai kursus pranikah memperoleh rata-rata 3,17. Rata-rata kedua terendah adalah terkait kesehatan reproduksi yang hanya 3,04. Dan hanya satu dimensi yang memperoleh nilai rata-rata dibawah 3 yaitu materi mengenai manajemen konflik, dengan rata-rata 2,97. Saran dari penelitian ini agar kursus pranikah dapat diikuti oleh dewasa awal dalam mempersiapkan pernikahan. Diharapkan Direktur Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam dapat terus berkomitmen dalam menetapkan peraturan mengenai kursus pranikah dan menjadikannya sebagai persyaratan untuk melangsungkan pernikahan. Demikian juga bagi Organisasi keagamaan Islam yang telah memiliki akreditasi dari Kementerian Agama, agar terus melaksanakan pelatihan untuk penyelenggara kursus pranikah agar menghasilkan sumber daya manusia yang kompeten dalam pelaksanaan kursus tersebut. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan untuk memaparkan keefektifan kursus pranikah guna mempersiapkan pernikahan dan mencegah terjadinya perceraian. Kata Kunci: Persepsi, Kursus Pranikah, Awal Kedewasaan Abstract - Marriage is one of the developmental tasks of early adulthood. Wedding preparations can be done by the pair through a premarital course. Premarital course is giving a better understanding and knowledge of the life of the household / family in realizing harmonious family, mawaddah warahmah as well as reduce the number of disputes, divorce and domestic violence. This study aims to look at the picture of early adult perceptions about premarital course. This research was conducted by a quantitative method with the type of survey research use. Methods of data analysis using descriptive analysis involving 30 respondents. Research using purposive sampling with criteria early adulthood ages 18 to 40 years, a period of less than 10 years of marriage and have completed a course of premarital at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) before a wedding. The results showed that mature early have a good perception of premarital courses as indicated by the results of the perception of the marriage law to obtain an average value of 3.50, the dimension of the mechanisms and procedures for registration of marriages as well as the dimensions of caring loving obtain an average value of 3.37 , Next dimensions planting values of faith, devotion and akhlaqul karimah in the family receives an average of 3.32. Jurisprudence related dimensions munakahat obtain an average value of 3.27. As well as the dimensions of a general knowledge of the course of premarital gained an average of 3.17. Average of the two lowest-related reproductive health is only 3.04. And only one dimension to obtain an average value below 3 that material on conflict management, with an average of 2.97. Suggestions from this study that the premarital courses can be followed by early adulthood in preparing for the wedding. Expected Director General of Islamic Community Guidance can continue to be committed in setting the rules regarding pre-marital courses and make it a requirement for a wedding. Likewise for the Islamic religious organization that has had accreditation from the Ministry of Religion, in order to continue to carry out training courses for organizers of premarital order to produce competent human resources in the implementation of the course. For further research is expected to explain the effectiveness of premarital courses to prepare for marriage and prevent divorce. Keywords – perception, premarital courses, early adulthood

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Efektifitas SUSCATIN dalam Membentuk Keluarga yang Sakinah Mawaddah Wa Rahmah

El-Faqih : Jurnal Pemikiran dan Hukum Islam ◽

10.29062/faqih.v5i1.57 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 114-129

Author(s):

Muhammad Al Faruq

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Director General ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

The Family ◽

Harmonious Family

Abstract Ministry of Religious initiatives to implement the program in accordance with the regulations issued by the Director-General of Islamic Community guidance of the Department of Religious candidates for the No. DJ. II/491 Year 2009. Therefore, the quality of a marriage is determined by the readiness and maturity of the two prospective spouses to meet the life of the household in order to form a harmonious family in accordance with the premarital ideals. The research uses Research and Development (R&D) methods by combining qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative data is obtained through verbal and written interview results. The problems that occur in the community that the effectiveness of the prospective bride course has not walked fully well, with a variety of factors that inhibit, so that the bride who has not understood the whole material about the concept of family Sakinah that has been poured in the course process Bride brides. For that, the research seeks to uncover the implementation of the bride candidate course at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) of Papar District of Kediri, as well as how the prospective bride understanding the family concept of Sakinah.

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PENGARUH MEWARNAI GAMBAR TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN HOSPITALISASI PADA ANAK PRA SEKOLAH DI RS NURUL HASANAH KUTACANE TAHUN 2021

Jurnal Maternitas Kebidanan ◽

10.34012/jumkep.v6i2.2001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 66-72

Author(s):

Yusnika Damayanti

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Research Design ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Family Health ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Health Problems ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

The Family

The family has a health duty whose purpose is to prevent the occurrence of health problems and care for sick family members. There are five health tasks that must be done by the family dengan well. The implementation of this family health task is inseparable from the cultural factors owned by the family, such as the Minangkabau tribe who adhere to the patrilineal system. This research aims to identify the implementation of family health tasks in the Minangkabau tribe in Nogo Rejo Village of Galang Subdistrict. Research design is descriptive. Sampling with purposive sampling technique. A sample of 46 people consisted of 28 male respondents and 18 female respondents. The study was conducted from May 17 to July 12, 2021. Data collection is done using a questionnaire of family health tasks that includes demographic data and family health tasks. Then the data obtained is processed using descriptive analysis to determine the distribution of frequencies and percentages. The results showed that almost two-thirds (2/3) of respondents carried out family health duties in the Minangkabau tribe with a good category (63.04%). The conclusion of this study shows that implementing family health duties in the Minangkabau tribe belongs to the category of good (63.04%).

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Tingkat Ketergantungan, Kompleksitas Pemerintah, dan Tingkat Pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ◽

10.24914/jeb.v19i3.366 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 463

Author(s):

Tiara Pandansari

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Financial Reports ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Average Value ◽

Central Java ◽

Final Sample

This research aims to measure the disclosure level of local governments’ financial reports in Central Java Province. More importantly, we also investigate factors associated with the disclosure level. We measure the disclosure level using the Modified LGA Index. Meanwhile we use the local government’ dependence and government complexity as the independent variables. Using purposive sampling method, this research generates 32 local governments (districts/ municipals) as the final sample. The descriptive analysis suggests that the average value of the disclosure level is 58.46%. Meanwhile, local governments’ dependence on general allocation funds (DAU) and shared revenue funds (DBH) affect the disclosure level. However, we do not find significant effect between local governments’ dependence on special allocation funds (DAK) and government complexity on the disclosure level. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat pengungkapan dalam laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah di Jawa Tengah, serta menguji dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Tingkat pengungkapan diukur dengan menggunakan Modified LGA Index, sedangkan sebagai variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah tingkat ketergantungan daerah, dan kompleksitas pemerintahan. Sampel penelitian ini dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling method, sehingga diperoleh ukuran sampel yaitu 32 laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengungkapan pada masing-masing sampel. Rata-rata nilai pengungkapan sebesar 58,46 persen. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tingkat ketergantungan terhadap Dana Alokasi Umum dan tingkat ketergantungan terhadap Dana Bagi Hasil berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengungkapan, tingkat ketergantungan terhadap Dana Alokasi Khusus, dan kompleksitas pemerintah tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengungkapan dalam laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah.

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Kesejahteraan Keluarga pada Ibu yang Bekerja sebagai Perawat

Viva Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, Kebidanan dan Keperawatan ◽

10.35960/vm.v11i02.462 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 43-52

Author(s):

Arni Nur Rahmawati

Keyword(s):

Women Workers ◽

Family System ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Work And Family ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Average Value ◽

The Family ◽

Self Actualization

The times and increasingly modern technology, encourage a mother to work for financial reasons, self-actualization, and relationships. This makes women workers especially mothers work as vulnerable groups and at risk of occupational health hazards. One of them is the role imbalance between work and family due to multiple roles. This can make the mother work stressful so that it will affect the well-being condition of the mother working in the family. The purpose of this study was to describe the family well-being of mothers who worked as nurses. The design used in this study was descriptive quantitative with 52 respondents who were the results of screening based on inclusion criteria. Family well-being data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate the average value of family well-being in mothers who work as nurses is 123.33. The family well-being component consists of the unity of the family system including the relationship of family structure; the relevance of functions or roles in carrying out tasks in the family; and prevent family vulnerability to other influences such as genetic, physiological, sociological or psychological. Based on these results, it can be concluded that family well-being can describe the ability of the mother to work in adapting to her dual role.

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Relevansi Keputusan Dirjen Bimas Islam Nomor DJ.II/542 Tahun 2013 tentang Kursus Pranikah terhadap Keharmonisan Rumah Tangga di Kemenag Bandar Lampung

AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam ◽

10.37680/almanhaj.v3i2.806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 222-243

Author(s):

Sisca Novalia ◽

Khairuddin Khairuddin ◽

Zuhraini Zuhraini

Keyword(s):

Field Research ◽

Training Needs ◽

Actual Data ◽

Director General ◽

Depth Data ◽

Level Of Activity ◽

The Family ◽

Training Courses ◽

The City

This study was made to analyze the implementation of the Decision of the Director General of Islamic Community Guidance Number DJ.II / 542 of 2013 concerning the Prenuptial Course at the Office of the Ministry of Religion in the City of Bandar Lampung and to determine the relevance of taking the Prenuptial Course to household harmony. This type of research uses Field Research, where researchers go directly to the field to obtain strong, objective and actual data. Researchers will go to the field to obtain authentic, accurate, detailed and in-depth data. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Decree of the Director General of Guidance for the Islamic Community Number DJ.II / 542 of 2013 concerning prenuptial courses is quite effective. couples to reduce disputes in the family, divorce and conflict, so that they become provisions for realizing a peaceful, prosperous, safe, peaceful family and truly creating a sakinah mawadah warahmah family. After fulfilling the existing procedures, the bride and groom get a foundation book for the sakinah family and a certificate. However, if viewed from the level of effectiveness there are still several weaknesses, including the lack of availability of funding to cover all training needs, the seriousness of the participants is not optimal, the lack of attendance and the level of activity of participants in taking pre-marital training courses, and the continuity of pre-marital course activities that have not been optimally scheduled.

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Implementasi Pembelajaran Kontekstual berpendekatan Learning Community pada Bidang Studi Fiqh dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa MI Mambaul Hidayah Mengelo Sooko Mojokerto

Progressa Journal of Islamic Religious Instruction ◽

10.32616/pgr.v1i2.78 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Masadah Masadah

Keyword(s):

Learning Community ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Visual Presentation ◽

Contextual Learning ◽

Learning Motivation ◽

Human Beings ◽

Action Execution ◽

Average Value ◽

Community Approach ◽

Motivation And Achievement

Education is a conscious and systematic effort not only to humanize human beings but also for human beings to realize their position as khalifatullah fil ardhi, which in turn will increasingly increase itself to be a pious, faithful, knowledgeable and virtuous man. In general the problems formulated in this research is whether Implementation of Contextual Learning with Learning Community approach can improve student's motivation and achievement in FIQH study field? How Implementation of Contextual Learning has a Learning Community approach that can improve students' motivation and achievement in FIQH? Field. This research was conducted in Mojokerto Regency, precisely at MI Mambaul Hidayah Mengelo Sooko Mojokerto. This research is a classroom action research with collaborative type. This research phase follows a model developed by Kemmis and Taggart, which is a spiral cycle that includes planning activities, action execution, observation, and reflection. The data collection techniques used are: (1) observation; (2) measurement of learning result test; and (3) documentation. Data obtained from the action are then analyzed. Qualitative data consisting of observation and documentation are analyzed qualitatively, while data collected in the form of numbers or quantitative data, simply by using descriptive analysis and visual presentation. Based on the results of research that has been implemented can be concluded that the Implementation of Contextual Learning with Learning Community approach can improve student's motivation and achievement in the field of FIQH study. From the data in the field shows that there is an increase in student learning motivation that the initial average value of pre-test of 20 increased to 24 or about 20% in cycle I, in cycle II more increased to 31 or about 55%, and in cycle III the more increased to 45 or about 125%. Level of increase between cycle I with cycle II about 29%, between cycle II with cycle III about 45%, between cycle III with cycle I about 87%. With the increase of students' learning motivation, their learning achievement also increased, whereas the average value of pre test of 6.60 increased to 6.84 or about 4% in cycle I, in cycle II more increased again to 7.75 or about 17 %, and in cycle III it increases to 8.80 or about 35%. The level of improvement between cycle I with cycle II is about 13%, between cycle II with cycle III about 15%, between cycle III with cycle I about 30%.

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Model Kurikulum Pendidikan Pra Nikah Untuk MembentukKeluarga Sakinah: Studi Impelementasi Surat Edaran Dirjen Bimas Islam No. DJ.II/491 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kursus Calon Pengantin di Kantor Urusan Agama Karawang

Ta dibuna Jurnal Pendidikan Islam ◽

10.32832/tadibuna.v5i1.585 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Munir Huda ◽

Ulil Amri Syafri ◽

Didin Hafidhuddin ◽

Irfan Syauqi Beik

Keyword(s):

Director General ◽

Premarital Education ◽

Domestic Life ◽

Model Curriculum ◽

District Office ◽

Reference Implementation ◽

The Republic ◽

Stock Of Knowledge ◽

Harmonious Family

Marriage is one of Allah's command execution. and the Sunnah of Muhammad SAW. However, very few people know about it. For the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia through the District Office of Religious Affairs has been providing services courses bride is the provision of a stock of knowledge, understanding and skills of the domestic life / family. The bride is the basis of the convening of the course; Regulation of the Director General of Islamic Community Guidance No. DJ.II / 491 in 2009. The conclusion that the implementation of the course curriculum bride in Karawang Religious Affairs Office has not carried out systematically. This is due to the lack of a model or guide that can be used as a reference implementation. Therefore, to address this problem researchers offer a model curriculum-based lessons bride harmonious family to KUA in Karawang. Through the Model Curriculum bid is expected to be used as reference or guidance in implementing the premarital education in the Office of Religious Affairs Karawang.Keyword: sakinah family, curriculum, prewedding

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PENERAPAN STRATEGI CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL)UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VSD NEGERI 010 SILIKUAN HULU KECAMATAN UKUI

Primary: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar ◽

10.33578/jpfkip.v5i2.3720 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Siwi Enggar Makarti

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Student Activities ◽

Student Activity ◽

Average Value ◽

Contextual Teaching

The background of this study is the low learning outcomes IPS. It is characterized by the acquisition of the average value of social studies students at 59.10 with the percentage of students learning completeness amounted to 50.00% from 20 students. This research is a classroom action research (PTK) which aims to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of strategies IPS Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). This study was conducted in 010 primary schools Silikuan Ukui Hulu subdistrict, with research subjects fifth grade students with a number of 20 students. This study was conducted by two cycles. The data used in this study are the activities of teachers, student activities, and learning outcomes are collected using the observation technique teacher and student activities and written tests, while the analytical techniques used in this research is descriptive analysis. The study states that the acquisition of the activities of teachers and students and learning outcomes in each cycle has increased. This is supported by: (1) the percentage of activity the teachers in the first cycle of the first meeting by 45%, in the first cycle of meetings II percentage teacher activity by 52%, the percentage of teacher activity in the second cycle of the first meeting by 65%, the percentage of teacher activity in the second cycle meeting II by 75%; (2) the percentage of student activity in the first cycle of the first meeting by 49%, in the first cycle of meetings II percentage of student activity by 60%, the percentage of the activity of students in the second cycle the first meeting by 63%, the percentage of student activity on the second cycle of meeting II by 79% ; (3) learning outcomes in basic score of 59,10.Dan which reached KKM 65 only 10 students or (50%). The first cycle of the average value obtained by the students reached 63.6. Students who achieve KKM there are 13 students or 65 (65%). Cycle II average value obtained students achieve value above 67 means the KKM. Students who reached the last 16 students or (80%).

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PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM PERENCANAAN PENILAIAN AUTENTIK DENGAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DI SMPN 011 MANDA

JURNAL PAJAR (Pendidikan dan Pengajaran) ◽

10.33578/pjr.v3i3.7211 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Maisuherni Maisuherni

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Junior High School ◽

Junior High ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Teacher Competence ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Junior High School Teachers ◽

Average Value ◽

Authentic Assessments ◽

Group Guidance

This study aims to improve teacher competence in planning authentic assessments with group guidance. The research method used is classroom action research. The research subjects were 10 teachers at Mandau 011 Junior High School. The timing of the research is carried out in two cycles starting on Monday 11 February to Saturday 23 February 2019. Analysis of the data used is qualitative in the form of data reduction, data presentation, and data inference. While for quantitative data descriptive analysis is carried out by calculating the average value and percentage. The results of the study indicate an increase in the competency of 011 Mandau Junior High School teachers in planning authentic assessments with group guidance. there is a cycle I of the average teacher competence of 70,6 with sufficient categories. The average teacher competency in the second cycle is 76,3 which is included in the good category. Classically, as many as 90% of teachers have been able to plan authentic assessments properly.

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Menurunkan Dismenoreaa Primer melalui Hipnoterapi pada Siswi Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran ◽

10.24198/jkp.v3i2.107 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Oyoh O ◽

Jenita Sidabutar

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Junior High School ◽

Junior High ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽

School Students ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Average Value

Kejadian dismenorea primer di Indonesia sekitar 54,89%, sisanya 45,11% dismenorea sekunder. Dismenorea primer pada siswi SMP X dari 35 siswi 25 siswi mengalami disminor bila haid. Salah satu pengobatan dismenorea secara non-farmakologis yaitu hipnoterapi. Hipnoterapi merupakan salah satu cara yang mudah, cepat, efektif, dan efisien dalam menjangkau pikiran bawah sadar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hipnoterapi terhadap dismenorea pada siswi SMP. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pre Eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian one group pre-test-post-test. Jumlah populasi yang didapat 117 orang dan jumlah sampel yang diambil 20 orang, dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data diperoleh secara langsung dari responden dengan menggunakan alat ukur Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS). Analisis data melalui dua tahapan, yaitu univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji t-dependen. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai rata-rata skala dismenorea sebelum diberikan intervensi adalah 6,50 dan nilai rata-rata sesudah diberikan intervensi adalah 1,35, terdapat pengaruh hipnoterapi terhadap dismenorea (t=17,596, p-value= 0,001). Hipnoterapi dapat disarankan untuk diterapkan sebagai tindakan nonfarmakologis untuk mengatasi dismenorea.Kata kunci: Dismenorea primer, hipnoterapi, SMP.Effect of Hypnotherapy on Alleviating Primary Dysmenorrhea in Junior High School StudentsAbstractThe incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in Indonesia amounts to approximately 54.89%, while another 45.11% is secondary dysmenorrhea. 25 out of 35 female students at SMP Patriot Bangsa (Patriot Bangsa Junior High School) experience primary dysmenorrhea when menstruating. One of nonpharmacological treatments for dysmenorrhea is hypnotherapy. Hypnotherapy is an easy, fast, effective, and efficient way to treat dysmenorrhea by reaching the subconcious. This research aimed to identify the effect of hypnotherapy on dysmenorrhea in junior high school students. This research used a pre-experimental method with one group pretest- posttest design. The population of this research was 117 students and 20 students were chosen as sample with purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from respondents using Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS) instrument. Data were analyzed in two steps, univariate and bivariate with t-dependent test. The results showed that the average value of dysmenorrhea before intervention is 6.5 and after intervention is 1.35. Hypnotherapy was found to have an effect on dysmenorrhea (t=17,596, p-value 0,001). It was suggested to the school that they should conduct nonpharmacological interventions such as hypnotherapy as treatment of dysmennorhea.Key words: Dysmenorrhea primer, hypnotherapy, SMP.

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