Genetic diversity of medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
M.P. Kolosovych ◽  
L.A. Hlushchenko ◽  
T.L. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Experimental Station

Aim. To study accessions of new medicinal plants, to form and augment collections, to use valuable accessions of the gene pool in breeding and collections for educational and outreach activities. Results and Discussion. We present results of multi-year research work on creating collections of medicinal and essential-oil-bearing plants, their using in breeding, training and educational activities. The collection of the Botanical Nursery of the Experimental Station totals 990 samples belonging to 436 species of 254 genera of 69 families. The following genera are most fully represented: Mentha – 13 species (263 samples), Thymus L. – 11 species, Salvia L. – 6, Echinacea Moench – 6 (29 samples), etc. The collection consists of accessions from 22 countries: 605 from Ukraine, 29 from Russia, 22 from Germany, 12 from Bulgaria, 11 from the USA, 5 from France, etc. Training collections of mint and medicinal plants, trait collections of calendula, thyme, and echinacea and the basic collection of mint were formed and registered with the NCPGRU. Collections are dynamically being formed, and accessions of tree/shrub medicinal species belonging to the genera Sambucus L., Berberis L. and Crataegus L. are being studied. Selected accessions and sources of economically valuable traits are constantly involved in breeding. Ten new varieties of medicinal plants were originated from the gene pool accessions variety Yuvileina (2018) – from Dalmatian chamomile , variety Poltavka (2018) – from blessed milk thistle, variety Berezotitska Soniachna (2020) – from pot marigold, variety Struminka (2020) – from dyer's-madder. Acquisition companies in 14 regions of Ukraine resulted in gathering the gene pool accessions of valuable medicinal species for breeding and investigating: 720 seed samples, 62 planting material samples, 42 raw material samples and 691 herbarium specimens. Conclusions. The exploratory research at the Experimental Station of Medicinal Plants of IAEM NAAS allowed building up unique collections of medicinal and aromatic plants, accessions of which are used in breeding, training and educational activities, as well as to preserve the biodiversity of domestic and wild plants.

scholarly journals Scientistsʼ Warning on Climate Change and Medicinal Plants

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Applequist ◽  
Josef A. Brinckmann ◽  
Anthony B. Cunningham ◽  
Robbie E. Hart ◽  
Michael Heinrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

AbstractThe recent publication of a World Scientistsʼ Warning to Humanity highlighted the fact that climate change, absent strenuous mitigation or adaptation efforts, will have profound negative effects for humanity and other species, affecting numerous aspects of life. In this paper, we call attention to one of these aspects, the effects of climate change on medicinal plants. These plants provide many benefits for human health, particularly in communities where Western medicine is unavailable. As for other species, their populations may be threatened by changing temperature and precipitation regimes, disruption of commensal relationships, and increases in pests and pathogens, combined with anthropogenic habitat fragmentation that impedes migration. Additionally, medicinal species are often harvested unsustainably, and this combination of pressures may push many populations to extinction. A second issue is that some species may respond to increased environmental stresses not only with declines in biomass production but with changes in chemical content, potentially affecting quality or even safety of medicinal products. We therefore recommend actions including conservation and local cultivation of valued plants, sustainability training for harvesters and certification of commercial material, preservation of traditional knowledge, and programs to monitor raw material quality in addition to, of course, efforts to mitigate climate change.

scholarly journals HERBS USED TO TREAT SKIN DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 04-05
Author(s):  
Maia Matoshvili ◽  
Davit Tophuria
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
History Of Use

Skin diseases are numerous and a frequently occurring health problem affecting all ages from the neonates to the elderly and cause harm in number of ways. Maintaining healthy skin is important for a healthy body. Many people may develop skin diseases that affect the skin, including cancer, herpes and cellulitis. Some wild plants and their parts are frequently used to treat these diseases. The use of plants is as old as the mankind. Natural treatment is cheap and claimed to be safe. It is also suitable raw material for production of new synthetic agents. A review of some plants for the treatment of skin diseases is provided that summarizes the recent studies. Natural drugs from the plants are gaining popularity because of several advantages such as often having fewer side-effects, better patient tolerance, being relatively less expensive and acceptable due to a long history of use. Besides herbal medicines provide rational means for the treatment of many diseases that are obstinate and incurable in other systems of medicine. For these reasons several plants have been investigated for treatment of skin diseases ranging from itching to skin cancer. So far 31 plants have been reported to be effective in various skin diseases during the past 17 years (1995-2012) of research work, which are mentioned below.

scholarly journals Genotype Screening and Propagation Techniques of Three Selected Medicinal Plant Species for Production of High-Quality Planting Material

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Farah Fazwa Md Ariff ◽  
Sures Kumar Muniandi ◽  
Norhayati Saffie ◽  
Syafiqah Nabilah Samsul Bahari ◽  
Zunoliza Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Planting Material

Medicinal plants are a vital source of new bioactive compounds due to their ecological biodiversity and varied chemical properties of each species. Phenotypic selection coupled with the evaluation of genotypes based on the chemical profile can be used for the development of a high-yielding variety. However, most of the raw material that has been used for commercial production of herbal products is mainly derived from wild sources, with little knowledge of the quality of genetic materials. Thus, three medicinal species, Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed), Andrographis paniculata (Creat), and Baeckea frutescens (False ru), were chosen based on their significant benefits to human health. These medicinal species have been traditionally used to treat various illnesses, and have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. This paper highlights the harvesting method and collection of accessions from natural habitats for the selection of superior genotypes. Individual plants having superior phenotypic characteristics and bioactive compounds were identified. We successfully developed appropriate propagation techniques for each species for the mass production of high-yielding planting material. The establishment of breeding activities for these medicinal plants will provide quality raw materials to support the herbal industry in increasing the value of pharmaceutical products. These efforts will also ensure the sustainable production of high-quality planting materials for the establishment of herbal plantations.

Plant genepool of forest-steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
V.M. Kirian ◽  
L.A. Hlushchenko ◽  
R.L. Boguslavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Preservation And Restoration

Goal: To investigate the distribution of and to collect local gene pool accessions of domestic plants and their wild relatives adapted to the forest-steppe of Ukraine and further to select among them accessions with economically and biologically valuable traits with subsequent inclusion in breeding and research programs and preservation in collections of the National Plant Gene Bank of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. Collecting was focused on local accessions of grain legumines, cereals, medicinal plants, vegetables, gourds and spice herbs, wild fodder legumes and cereal grasses and other valuable accessions. The method – a collecting mission. Results and Discussion. In 46 locations, 417 accessions were collected belonging to 164 plant species, of which 76 are domestic and 88 are wild. The accessions are adapted to the central, southern and eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. 88 herbarium sheets were collected. Nine promising sites were identified for monitoring the status of coenopopulations of valuable and rare forms of forage and medicinal plants, their comprehensive study, preservation and restoration. For Red Book species and species that are not listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, but are rare or endangered in nature, locations for possible foundation of in situ reserves were chosen in the Kirovogradska and Poltavska regions. Based on studies of the collected Althaea officinalis L. material, sources of economically valuable traits were singled out: with increased content of polysaccharides in grass, leaf number per plant, resistance to leaf-eating pests. 478 packages of seed samples and planting units collected by the mission were transferred for in-depth study and use in breeding, research and training programs. Conclusions. The collected 417 accessions of the gene pool of domestic plants and their wild relates belonging to 164 species will help expand the genetic basis of existing collections of genetic resources of field, medicinal and other crops and to build up new ones for breeding, scientific and other programs. Identification of habitats of valuable forms of wild plants will ensure their preservation and restoration. The results of the mission indicate that it is promising to continue missions and surveys and to collect gene pool accessions in this region.

Investigation through Bangladesh Flora: Critically Endangered Medicinal Species of Fabaceae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Jahan ◽  
M.A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Threatened Taxa ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The University ◽  
Total Species

Background: Species threatening is of great concern now-a-days, for Bangladesh as well as the whole world. Present research work has been carried out to make an inventory of the medicinal species of family Fabaceae, determine their status in the flora of Bangladesh and assess their probable threat. Methods: Research was carried out at the University of Chittagong during the period 2014-2016 by the first author as part of her thesis work. Previous records of species were collected from different literatures dating back to 1814 and their place of occurrence was recorded as well. Medicinal literatures were consulted for screening of medicinal species of Fabaceae. Herbarium specimens preserved at different herbaria were examined for updating the time of their collection. Finally field trips were made to relevant localities for assessing their status in the field condition. Result: The present study reveals that out of 254 total species, 169 species under 61 genera have medicinal properties. In this investigation, 7 species under 7 genera were identified and documented as Critically Endangered according to International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources criteria. Enumeration of these threatened taxa is provided with updated nomenclature and short annotation with data on medicinal value, recorded locality, global distribution, first and last authentic record and list of specimens available at different herbaria.

Sweet cherry collection composition and breeding value of Melitopol experimental station of horticulture

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
L.M. Tolstolik
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Western European ◽  
One Year ◽  
Morphogenic Process

Aim. To evaluate the composition and breeding potential of a gene poolcollection of sweet cherry varieties of M.F. SydorenkoMelitopolResearch Station of Fruit Growing of the Institute of Horticulture, NAAS of Ukraine. Result and Discussion.The results of studying the morphological, economic and biological features of sweet cherry (Cerasusavium L. Moench) varieties from the gene pool collection of MelitopolExperimental Station of Horticulturenamed after M.F. Sidorenko of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS are presented. The history of the collection creation and the genealogy of modern Ukrainian varieties were analyzed. We found that they were the 1st and 2nd generations of traditional Western European varieties. Major sweet cherry varieties that had been most often used in developing modern Ukrainian assortment, were identified. Analysis of the collection showed that 111 accessions of 129 were varieties bred in Melitopol, 40 of which are officially registered.The other accessions are elite forms, which failed the state variety trials or are being tested according to the competitive design. Among the latter, promising forms (candidates for varieties and pre-breeding forms) were distinguished, as they are sources of valuable economic traits. It was determined that the morphogenic process had contributed to the diversity in fruit quality features, which enabled building up a trait collection of sweet cherries for 20 traits with 82 levels of their expression. However, morphogenesis almost did not affect the growth power, fructification nature, generative organs, fructification time and resistance to diseases, therefore there are no significant differences in these features between the collection accessions bred at Melitopol Experimental Station of Horticulture named after M.F. Sidorenko of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS. Most of the varieties grown on Magalebian cherry plantlet have extensive crowns, bear fruit on "May bouquets" and, after one-year growth, are winter hardy, tolerant to drought, moderately and highly resistant to spur blight and leaf spot as well as self-infertile. On this parent stock, most of the varieties come into fruition after 5-6 years and quickly increase their yields. It was established that enrichment of the gene pool collection with valuable introduced accessions and their wide involvement in hybridization were currently the key objectives aimed at expansion of morphogenesis limits to obtain competitive varieties with high adaptability, productivity and marketability. Conclusions. Modern Ukrainian varieties are the 1st and 2nd generations of traditional Western European varieties. German variety Drogansgelbeknorpelkirsche (DroganaZhyoltaya) with its clone Napoleon Belaya and Russian-Ukrainian variety Valeriy Chkalov were the most actively used in their development. 86% of the gene pool collection of MelitopolExperimental Stationof Horticulture named after M.F. Sidorenkoof the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS are varieties bred in Melitopol differing mainly in ripening time and fruit quality. The collection contains released varieties, a number of sources of valuable traits and, as a tool for the effective implementation of modern breeding programs, requires enrichment with varieties of other eco-geographical groups.

scholarly journals Experimental tests of PVD AlCrN-coated planer knives on planing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under industrial conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nadolny ◽  
Wojciech Kapłonek ◽  
Marzena Sutowska ◽  
Paweł Sutowski ◽  
Piotr Myśliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Edge Condition ◽  
Wear Area ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Machining Operations

AbstractRaw pine wood processing and especially its mechanical processing constitute a significant share among technological operations leading to obtaining a finished product. Stable implementation of machining operations, ensuring long-term repeatable processing results depends on many factors, such as quality and invariability of raw material, technical condition of technological equipment, adopted parameters of work, qualifications and experience of operators, as well as preparation and properties of the machining tools used. It seems that the greatest potential in the search for opportunities to increase the efficiency of machining operations has the modification of machining tools used in it. This paper presents the results of research work aimed at determining how the life of cutting tools used in planing operations of wet pine wood is affected by the application of chromium aluminum nitride (AlCrN) coating to planar industrial planing knives in the process of physical vapour deposition. For this purpose operational tests were carried out under production conditions in a medium-sized wood processing company. The study compares the effective working time, rounding radius, the profile along the knife (size of worn edge displacement, wear area of the cutting edge), selected texture parameters of the planar industrial planing knife rake face and visual analyses of cutting edge condition of AlCrN-coated planar knives and unmodified ones. The obtained experimental results showed the possibility of increasing the life of AlCrN-coated knives up to 154% compared to the results obtained with uncoated ones. The proposed modification of the operational features of the knives does not involve any changes in the technological process of planing, does not require any interference with the machining station nor its parameters, therefore enabling rapid and easy implementation into industrial practice.

Agglomeration Technologies of Processing Powder Wastes

2015 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Marian Peciar ◽  
Roman Fekete ◽  
Peter Peciar
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
New Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
High Technologies

This article deals with the presentation of modern applications for processing powdered, primarily hazardous, waste to an agglomeration form appropriate for subsequent processing by classical methods, for example in the construction, automotive and consumer goods industries. The aim of the research work was to set appropriate operating conditions in order to appreciate currently non-processable wastes resulting from the intensive production of often extremely expensive materials. Technologies which enable returning powder waste back into the primary production cycle were developed and experimentally tested, thus saving raw material resources. When necessary for the fixing of fine airborne particles with a problematic compacting curve (hard to compress, repulsive due to the surface charge) extrusion processes using a patented technology enabling controlled modification of shear forces in the extrusion zone were successfully applied. A new type of axial extruder allows the elimination of the liquid phase and as a result prevents the clogging of the extrusion chamber. In the case of need for granulation of sensitive materials (for example pharmaceuticals not allowing the addition of any kind of agglomerating fluid or reacting strongly in the contact of the two phases), a process of compaction between rolls with different profiled surface was successfully applied. The developed high technologies and the resulting products thus represent a major contribution to environmental protection in the context of not only the work but also the communal environment.

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