scholarly journals Stress Properties Optimization of a Composite Sandwich Structure by Application of Hybrid Taguchi-GRA-PCA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
◽  
Surjit Angra ◽  
Arindam Kumar Chanda ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
Core Height ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Design Factors

A sandwich structure is always designed to have maximum Strength and Stiffness. In this research, three main design factors i.e. facesheet thickness, core height and panel with each having three different values (levels) have been chosen and a L9 Orthogonal Array has been generated using Taguchi Design in Minitab software. The Sheet Stresses and Shear Stresses have been calculated for all 9 configurations. From Taguchi Analysis it has been observed that the optimum level for different design parameters are F/S thickness .8mm, Core Height 8mm and Panel Width 50mm.Then PCA assisted GRA has been performed on the two responses and it has been observed that the optimum parameter level are F/S thickness. 8mm, Core Height 8mm and Panel Width 50mm. ANOVA analysis has also been performed to find out the effect of selected design elements on the two types of stress values of the sandwich panel. It has been observed that the Facesheet Thickness has the maximum effect on Sandwich Stresses.

scholarly journals Analysis of effect of variation of Honeycomb core cell size and sandwich panel width on the stiffness of a sandwich structure

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
◽  
Surjit Angra ◽  
Arindam Kumar Chanda ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Equivalent Stiffness ◽  
Honeycomb Core ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
Ansys Analysis ◽  
Stiffness Properties

A sandwich structure consists of three main parts i.e. the facing skins, the core and the adhesive. It acts in a way similar to that of the I- Beam. In this research, a sandwich structure has been designed with a regular hexagon honey-comb core made up of Kevlar® and face sheet of carbon fiber. The design has been modelled and the model has also been validated with the experimental and analytical method. Six different configurations of sandwich structures have been proposed. Out of these six, three configurations have the varying cell size i.e. 3.2 mm, 4 mm and 4.8 mm and the other three configurations have the varying panel width i.e. 40 mm, 45 mm and 50 mm keeping rest of the design parameters unchanged. Using ANSYS, analysis has been performed for all these six configurations and equivalent stiffness has been calculated. It has been observed that the honeycomb core cell size does not have a significant effect on the stiffness properties of a composite sandwich panel. The analysis also reveals that with the increased panel width the stiffness of composite panel increases significantly.

Effects of Core Height, Cell Angle and Face Thickness on Vibration Behavior of Aircraft Sandwich Structure with Honeycomb Core: An Experimental and Numerical Investigations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
Muhsin Jaber Jweeg ◽  
S.H. Bakhy ◽  
S.E. Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Honeycomb Core ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vibration Behavior ◽  
Core Height

The aim of the present paper is to study the vibration behavior of a sandwich structure with honeycomb core experimentally and numerically with different design parameters. The natural frequency and damping ratio were obtained. Core height, cell angle and face thickness were considered as design parameters. Finite element models for the honeycomb sandwich were developed and analyzed via ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) software. Response Surface Method (RSM) is used to establish numerical methodology to simulate the effect of the design parameters on natural frequency and damping ration. The employment of (RSM) provides a study of the effect of design parameters on natural frequency and damping ratio, numerical modeling of them in term of design parameters and specifying optimization condition. The experimental tests were conducted on sandwich specimens for the validity goal of the previous models created via the finite element analysis. The obtained results show that the natural frequency is directly proportional to the core height and face thickness, while it is inversely proportional to cell angle, Vice versa for damping ratio. Moreover, the optimum value of natural frequency (209.031 Hz) as minimum and damping ratio (0.0320) as maximum were found at 4.8855 mm of core height, 26.770 cell angle and 0.0614 mm face thickness.

Phase Lag of Tire Cornering Force

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hanada ◽  
T. Nagumo ◽  
T. Mashita
Keyword(s):  
Phase Lag ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Radial Location ◽  
Radial Stiffness ◽  
Design Factors

Abstract Automobile handling can be greatly improved by reducing the phase lag of tire cornering force behind imposed distortion. We have shown experimentally that this lag is related to in-plane stiffness of the belt and to radial, lateral, and circumferential stiffnesses of the sidewall. While the cornering stiffness is related to the belt rigidity, either can be changed without affecting the sidewall stiffnesses. The cornering stiffness, for example, is sensitive to design factors such as tread compound and tread pattern. The radial, lateral, and circumferential sidewall stiffnesses, however, are mutually perpendicular at a given point in a tire, so they cannot be changed independently of each other. In order to reduce the phase lag of the cornering force, the lateral and circumferential stiffnesses must be increased with a minimum increase in radial stiffness. This can be done by either lowering the radial location of the maximum section width of the inflated tire or by proper changes in material and/or design elements of the sidewall.

scholarly journals Urban Design and Walkability: Lessons Learnt from Iranian Traditional Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5731
Author(s):  
Elmira Jamei ◽  
Khatereh Ahmadi ◽  
Hing Wah Chau ◽  
Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian ◽  
Ben Horan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Residential Quarters ◽  
Objectively Measured

Physical activity is connected to public health in many ways, and walking is its most popular form. Modern planning models have been applied to cities to manage rapid urban expansions. However, this practice has led to low level of walkability and strong car-dependency in today’s cities. Hence, this study aims to provide a review of the most promising urban design parameters affecting walkability, using Frank Lawrence’s theory of “Objectively Measured Urban Form” (density, connectivity and accessibility, and mixed-use development) as the basis of discussion. The second part of this paper takes a case study approach, through discussing the main design elements of traditional Iranian cities (mosques, bazaars, residential quarters, and alleyways) and analyses their impacts on promoting walkability. This study concludes that incorporating inherent values of traditional urban design elements will complement modern planning and design practices.

scholarly journals The energy absorption behavior of novel composite sandwich structures reinforced with trapezoidal latticed webs

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-518
Author(s):  
Juan Han ◽  
Lu Zhu ◽  
Hai Fang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Peng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Elastic Displacement ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
Composite Sandwich Structures

Abstract This article proposed an innovative composite sandwich structure reinforced with trapezoidal latticed webs with angles of 45°, 60° and 75°. Four specimens were conducted according to quasi-static compression methods to investigate the compressive behavior of the novel composite structures. The experimental results indicated that the specimen with 45° trapezoidal latticed webs showed the most excellent energy absorption ability, which was about 2.5 times of the structures with vertical latticed webs. Compared to the traditional composite sandwich structure, the elastic displacement and ultimate load-bearing capacity of the specimen with 45° trapezoidal latticed webs were increased by 624.1 and 439.8%, respectively. Numerical analysis of the composite sandwich structures was carried out by using a nonlinear explicit finite element (FE) software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The influence of the thickness of face sheets, lattice webs and foam density on the elastic ultimate load-bearing capacity, the elastic displacement and initial stiffness was analyzed. This innovative composite bumper device for bridge pier protection against ship collision was simulated to verify its performance. The results showed that the peak impact force of the composite anti-collision device with 45° trapezoidal latticed webs would be reduced by 17.3%, and the time duration will be prolonged by about 31.1%.

Low Velocity Impact Response of Composite/Sandwich Structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 725 ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar V. Akshaj ◽  
P. Surya ◽  
M.K. Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
Set Up

Dent resistance of structures is one of the important design parameters to consider in automotive, aerospace, packaging and transportation of fragile goods, civil engineering and marine industries. It is important to study the dynamic impact response of various combinations of skin and core materials which can provide desired fracture toughness and highest strength to weight ratio for such applications. This paper discusses the low velocity impact response of sandwich structures having unique combination of mild steel as skin material bonded to thermoplastics/PU foam as core material. HDPE, LDPE and polypropylene were the choice of thermoplastics and an optimum combination of materials for the sandwich structure was evaluated using drop-weight experimental set up. It is observed that LDPE is the best choice of core material for the sandwich structures considered.

DESIGN PARAMETERS SELECTION OF SPRINGBACK EFFECT IN AIR-V BENDING USING TAGUCHI APPROACH ON ADVANCE HIGH STRENGTH STEEL-DP590

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrul Azam Abdullah ◽  
Muhamad Sani Buang ◽  
Juri Saedon ◽  
Hashim Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Plate Thickness ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Parameters Selection ◽  
Bending Process ◽  
Punch Radius ◽  
Evaluation Problem

Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) are increasingly utilized especially in automotive industry. However, forming of AHSS is challenging particularly in prediction of springback effect caused by material properties, tools and dies parameters, work material and bending technique factors. An air V-bending process was chosen as an evaluation problem because it showed larger springback effect. This paper presents an optimization to predict the influence of various parameters on springback of sheet metal in air V-bending process using Taguchi method (TM). The experimental study was conducted on DP590 sheets with plate thickness of 1 and 2 mm under different process parameters such as punch radius, die radius, die gap and punch travel. A significant level of springback parameters was further described by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). It showed that the contribution percentage of each factor to springback was calculated to optimum level and the significant levels of entire factor were observed. The thickness of material, die width, punch travel and punch radius were found to be the most significant factor affecting springback while die radius is insignificant. 

scholarly journals Research on the Response Characteristics of Bio-Inspired Composite Sandwich Structure under Low Velocity Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 2101 (1) ◽  
pp. 012087
Author(s):  
Peng Hao ◽  
Lin’an Li ◽  
Jianxun Du
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In order to research the impact mechanical response characteristics of the bio-inspired composite sandwich structure, the hemispherical impactor is preloaded with different energy to impact bio-inspired and conventional composite sandwich structure, the stress distribution and dynamic response characteristics of composite sandwich structure under impact load are studied. The results show that the main damage of the upper panel is fiber shear fracture, while crushing fracture for the core, and the main damage of the lower panel is fiber tensile tearing under different impact load. The bio-inspired composite sandwich structure shows better impact resistance in terms of damage depth and maximum impact load under the same impact energy. From the perspective of energy consumption, the bio-inspired structure absorbed more energy than conventional structure under high energy impact.

Thermo-Mechanical Reliability of Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) and Solder Interconnects in 3-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila J. Ladani ◽  
Omar Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Solder Joints ◽  
Silicon Layer ◽  
Copper Interconnects ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
3D Ic ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Impact

3-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) is a promising technology in today’s IC packaging industry. Since the technology is in infancy stages, many aspects of this technology are still under heavy investigation. Reliability of through silicon via (TSV) interconnects and interlayer bonding between the silicon layers are issues that become more complicated in 3D ICs due to complexity of the architecture and miniaturized interconnects. Optimizing design of these devices is essential in order to avoid short fatigue life of interconnects. This manuscript addresses the impact of design parameters such as die thickness, TSV diameter, TSV pitch, underfill thickness and underfill properties on thermo-mechanical durability of Direct Chip Attach (DCA) solder joints and TSV interconnects used in a 3D IC packages. A design was proposed where DCA is used to connect 4 layers of ICs and TSVs are used to connect the active layer of the dies to the second silicon layer. Solder joints, as small as 50-micron diameter, were used to attach silicon layers. A numerical experiment is designed to vary design parameters at 3 levels using L9 ortagonal array. A 3-dimensional model of the package was built and model was solved under an accelerated temperature cycle loading. Solder is considered as visco-plastic material and copper interconnects are assumed to follow bilinear isotropic hardening behavior. Two continuum damage models, energy partitioning and Coffin-Manson models, were used to assess the number of cycles to failure for solder joints and TSV copper interconnects respectively. Minitab software was used to analyze the result of experiment. The most influential factors on durability of solder interconnect are found to be underfill properties and height. However, the most influential factor on TSV durability is found to be TSV diameter. A non-linear response was observed for TSV pitch and diameter indicating that the optimum level may be in the range selected.

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