scholarly journals The analysis of airports' physical factors impacts on wildlife

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
M. M. Radomska ◽  
I. V. Horobtsov ◽  
L. M. Cherniak ◽  
O. M. Tykhenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Physical Fields ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
The Impact

The impacts of manmade structures on wildlife are often underestimated due to misbelieve that wild animals avoid living in close proximity to any kind of technogenic object. However, such objects may offer a range of benefits to animals and thus become points of attraction, being still a source of hazards for these living organisms. The airports are considered to be dangerous industrial facilities for they create chemical and physical pollution, as well as host a variety of biohazards, originating from transported items and dense groups of population. Meanwhile they are often located outside the urban areas in previously pristine areas, specially allocated for this purpose and animals, whose habitat they occupy undergo all these impacts equally with passengers and staff. The aim of the research is to conduct differential analysis of physical factors of influence within the airport impact area and evaluate the negative trends for exposed animals. The physical factors were divided into the physical objects and physical fields. The assessment of these factors was based on the data obtained using special metering equipment for measuring the level of noise, light and electro-magnetic pollution, while the intensity of visual pollution and fragmentation effects by airport infrastructure were evaluated using qualitative approach. The airport facilities itself and ground access infrastructure are showed as the causes of habitat destruction by barrier and edge effects, as well as structural transformations of landscapes, in particular, relief and phytocenosis. The impact of physical fields coming from the airport territory is formed by light, vibration and electro-magnetic pollution. The intensity of considered factors is different, but the sensitivity of laboratory animals to these factors is high enough to cause a range of effects. However, the methods for mitigation of some other airport impacts can exacerbate the value of the existing sources of impacts. The light pollution is measured and defined as the most significant and damaging. Thus, there is a clear need to pay attention to the interactions between an airport and wildlife to reduce the intensity of negative effects. The predicted and described effects for wildlife could be very diverse, but they need verification by field surveys in the impacts areas of airports is highlighted.

Unexpected Arrivals

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilyn Ruble Whitesell ◽  
Leanna Stiefel ◽  
Amy Ellen Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
English Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Across the country and in urban areas in particular, many students change schools during the academic year. While much research documents the impact of changing schools on the academic achievement of mobile students themselves, less research explores whether new arrivals have negative spillovers on stable classmates. The lack of research on impacts of mid-year entry is problematic, as poor, minority, and low-achieving students are disproportionately exposed to mid-year entry. In this study, we use a rigorous causal identification strategy and rich longitudinal data on fourth- through eighth-grade students in the New York City (NYC) public schools to estimate the impact of exposure to mid-year entry on the achievement of stable students. We analyze heterogeneous effects of mid-year entrants by origin (arriving from other NYC public schools, from other U.S. school systems, or from other countries), determine the extent to which mid-year entrants’ characteristics mediate the impact of mid-year entry, and explore the moderating influence of stable students’ characteristics. We find small negative effects of mid-year entry on both math and English language arts test scores in the short run. These impacts are not driven by mid-year entrant characteristics and are somewhat larger for Asian students and those who do not qualify for free or reduced-price lunch. Finally, results suggest mid-year entry continues to negatively influence the math performance of stable students beyond the year of exposure. We discuss the relevance of results and conclude with recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Walk-along and cycle-along: Assessing the benefits of the Connswater Community Greenway in Belfast, UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepi Adlakha ◽  
Jane Clarke ◽  
Perla Mansour ◽  
Mark Tully
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Health Problem

Physical inactivity is a risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, and a mounting global health problem. It is likely that the outdoor physical environment, together with social environmental factors, has a tendency to either promote or discourage physical activity, not least in cities and other urban areas. However, the evidence base on this is sparse, making it hard to identify the best policy interventions to make, at the local or city level. This study seeks to assess the impact of one such intervention, the Connswater Community Greenway CCG), in Belfast, in Northern Ireland, UK. To do that it uses innovative methodologies, ‘Walk-along’ and ‘Cycle-along’ that involve wearable sensors and video footages, to improve our understanding of the impact of the CCG on local residents. The findings suggest that four characteristics of the CCG affect people’s activity and the benefits that the CCG created. These are physical factors, social factors, policy factors and individual factors. Each of these has many elements, with different impacts on different people using the greenway.

scholarly journals Rationale for main fans service life in the conditions of changing load

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Kopachev Valerii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Service

Research aim is to study basic regularities in functional condition change of main fans included in the confi guration of main mine ventilation installations depending on the technological service conditions. The research also aims to determine the standard service life of main fans with the account of the diff erential analysis of the destructive factors, structural features, intensity and modes of operation of ventilation plants. 108 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 6. 2020 ISSN 0536-1028 Research methodology. Based on the analysis of main fan installations structure and differential analysis of technological factors affecting the functional efficiency of main fans, a mathematical model has been proposed which determines the standard and residual life of the main fan with the account of the changing load. Results and analysis. As a result of studying the impact of destructive factors on the main functional parts of the main fan, an equation has been proposed, which takes into account the physical properties of the material the fan elements are made of together with the quantitative effect of the external physical factors on the machine’s operation. Research results show that the resource of the main fans should be determined based on the useful life of the machine’s major component, i.e. mainshaft, with the account of the machine’s operation mode. Conclusions and scope of results. Circuit designs of mine ventilation plants predetermine the main fans service life. The service life should be established at the stage of the detail design with the account of the differential analysis of the destructive factors, structural features, intensity and operation modes of ventilation plants. The proposed methodology for main mine fans residual life determination is applied in expert organizations and Guidances on the determination of residual life of main mine fans which operate under the excess of the standard service life. The methodology may also be applied by project organizations to determine the design service life for the constructed main ventilation installations.

scholarly journals The reengineering of built-up areas: structure and composition

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1508-1519
Author(s):  
Sergej B. Sborshchikov ◽  
Pavel A. Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Transformation Methods ◽  
Capital Construction ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Engineering solutions of construction facilities are becoming obsolete due to the impact of scientific and technological progress, changes in consumer needs and production capabilities of the construction industry. A gap between consumer needs and characteristics of construction products is bridged by updating, modernizing, retrofitting and transforming design solutions. Materials and methods. The subject of the study is capital construction facilities that have various functional purposes: they structure built-up urban areas (space planning), whose urban planning solutions need reengineering in the course of operation. The article considers the list of capital construction entities that include industrial facilities (manufacturing, agricultural, and communication facilities), non-industrial facilities (public buildings, residential housing) and linear objects (overpasses, pipelines, power grids). Functional, planning, structural, organizational and technological features of capital construction facilities, features of vital processes, production and technological procedures, that are underway inside them, determine the characteristic differences in the composition and structure of construction reengineering. Structural and functional analysis is the research method of the study. Results. The composition of actions and methods used to reengineer residential and industrial buildings, areas occupied by the engineering and transport infrastructure is described. The article presents changes introduced by reengineering actions with regard for the features of facilities that structure urban development. The co-authors acknowledge that the structure and composition of construction reengineering are highly variable, and their variability is determined by the types of built-up areas and their transformation methods. This dependence impacts a combination of reengineering actions, including those that determine the nature of transformation and supplement the principal change. The research results allow to develop reengineering process organization charts and outline the resource provision process.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Geografis Kolaboratif Pada Kawasan Rawan Bencana Banjir Di Wilayah Peri Urban Kota Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mustika Arif Jayanti ◽  
Achmad Maulana Malik Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Survey Research Methods ◽  
The Impact

Abstrak: Perkembangan kota yang terjadi dewasa ini sangat cepat dan merata diseluruh indonesia. Kota Malang salah satunya yang merupakan kota terbesar nomor dua di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Setiap perkembangan kota pasti akan berdampak pada munculnya permasalahan wilayah, tidak hanya di wilayah pusat kota namun juga di wilayah pinggiran kota atau disebut juga dengan istilah peri urban. Bertambahnya permukiman terutama di Kawasan Peri Urban sejalan dengan semakin padatnya penduduk berdampak pada munculnya titik-titik banjir. Banjir merupakan fenomena alam berupa naiknya air di suatu kawasan sehingga menutupi permukaan kawasan tersebut yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, meliputi faktor fisik dan non fisik. Munculnya banjir dikota Malang yang terjadi dewasa ini seperti  ditemui di Jalan Simpang Borobudur, Jalan Sukarno Hatta, Jalan S Parman. Mayoritas terjadi di daerah peri urban yang berkembang dan cenderung kurang terkontrol. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian survey yang berbasis pada pemodelan berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis Kolaboratif. Penelitian dilaksanakan Kecamatan Blimbing, Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang diambil secara langsung dilapangan dengan bantuan partisipasi masyarakat terkait updating data mengenai bencana banjir. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bahwa penerapan teknik pemetaan partisipatif untuk pemetaan rawan banjir dengan melibatkan narasumber yang berkompeten dibidang kebencanaan baik dari BPBD Kota Malang dan dari Kecamatan Blimbing  dapat melengkapi teknik pemetaan konvensional guna menghasilkan produk peta rawan banjir yang komprehensif.   Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi Geografis Kolaboratif,Bencana Banjir, dan  Peri urban.   Abstract: The urban development is happening today is very fast and evenly across indonesia. Malang one which is the second largest city in East Java province. Every regional development will certainly have an impact on the emergence of regional problems, not only in downtown areas but also in rural area or also called peri urban. Increase settlements especially in Peri Urban Areas of dense population in line with the impact on the appearance of dots flood, Flooding is a natural phenomenon of the rising waters in an area that covers the surface of the region caused by various factors, including the physical and non-physical factors. The advent of the flood that occurred in Malang today as met at Jalan Simpang Borobudur, Jalan Sukarno Hatta, Jalan S Parman. The majority occur in growing suburban areas and tend to be less controlled. The study used a qualitative approach to survey research methods based on Geographic Information System-based modeling Collaborative.Research conducted Blimbing district, Malang.This study uses data collected directly in the field with the help of public participation related to updating the data of a catastrophic flood. Based on the results, that the application of participatory mapping techniques for mapping of flood-prone areas with the involvement of competent resource persons in the field of disaster either of BPBDs Malang and from Blimbing district can complement conventional mapping techniques in order to produce a comprehensive flood hazard maps. Keywords: Geographic Information System Collaborative, Flood and Peri urban

scholarly journals Assessment of changes in the main homeostasis indicators in mammals after hyperthermic exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1397-1403
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Kriyt ◽  
Yuliya N. Sladkova ◽  
Maksim V. Sannikov ◽  
Aleksandr O. Pyatibrat
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Leading Indicators ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The occupation of firefighters is characterized by the impact of both hazardous fire factors and a complex of harmful and dangerous characteristics of various natures, often exceeding the expected values. High air temperature is typical for almost all types of fire and is one of the main adverse physical factors affecting the body of firefighters. Experimental models on animals are of leading importance in studying extreme fire factors, including hyperthermic exposure. Material and methods. The study was carried out on 124 outbred white male rats of 3 months of age weighing 250-300 g, divided randomly into two groups. The first group (62 rats) was subjected to a single hyperthermic load. The second group (62 rats) was subjected to daily hyperthermic load during 14 days. The study of the leading indicators of the acid-base state and water-electrolyte balance, biochemical and clinical blood tests, cellular and humoral immunity was carried out before and after hyperthermic exposure. Results. The obtained data indicate high ambient temperatures cause changes in homeostasis indices in laboratory animals. At the same time, there are alterations in the indicators of water-electrolyte balance, acid-base state, clinical and biochemical blood tests and the immune system. Conclusion. An experimental model of extreme heat exposure on animals showed the emergence and persistence of changes in the leading indicators of homeostasis. In the group of single hyperthermia, these parameters were restored to the background levels in a day. In the group of multiple hyperthermia, they remained altered.

scholarly journals The Impact of On-Demand Collective Transport Services on Sustainability: A Comparison of Various Service Options in a Rural and an Urban Area of Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3091
Author(s):  
Lisa Dang ◽  
Widar von Arx ◽  
Jonas Frölicher
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the effects of on-demand mobility services on sustainability in terms of emissions and traffic volume. According to our simulations, implementing on-demand mobility services is recommendable only as a supplement to public transport in both urban and rural regions since there are positive effects in terms of CO2 emissions. However, in urban areas, there is a negative impact on the traffic volume in terms of additional vehicle kilometres since the bundled public transport demand is replaced by less bundled on-demand vehicles. In rural areas, the increase in vehicle kilometres plays less of a role due to generally low demand. The negative effects per vehicle kilometre are slightly higher in rural areas due to higher empty kilometres and lower bundling rates, but the negative effects per km2 in dense cities are much more serious. Authorities need to consider these effects according to the spatial context when implementing such services.

Development and use of rapid reconnaissance soil inventories for reclamation of urban brownfields: A Vancouver, British Columbia, case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Iverson ◽  
Emma P. Holmes ◽  
A. A. Bomke
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Urban Brownfields

Iverson, M. A., Holmes, E. P. and Bomke, A. A. 2012. Development and use of rapid reconnaissance soil inventories for reclamation of urban brownfields: A Vancouver, British Columbia case study. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 191–201. As a result of suburban growth and abandonment and relocation of industrial facilities, vacant lots are becoming common in most urban centers in North America. These neglected, derelict, and often contaminated brownfields are receiving attention as a public liability since they are not productive and detract from the environmental quality of urban centres. Soils at these urban sites have been negatively impacted by anthropogenic activities. A prerequisite to effective reclamation is knowledge about the soil conditions on these sites. Most urban areas do not have soil survey or soil inventory information. Soil physical factors such as compaction are common problems at sites and are difficult and expensive to modify. A soil inventory provides the initial information for remediation and reclamation strategies that incorporate inherent soil properties. A soil inventory was conducted in Vancouver, British Columbia, by interpreting and extrapolating surficial geologic and regional soil survey information. The resulting soil inventory is presented as a series of topographical cross sections through the city, and displays information to stakeholders by reference to cultural features including street addresses. The soil inventory is compiled into soil management groups for general descriptions of the soil units and for initial recommendation for reclamation strategies.

Effects of urbanization on small-mammal communities and the population structure of synurbic species: an example of a medium-sized city

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 554-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Łopucki ◽  
Iwona Mróz ◽  
Łukasz Berliński ◽  
Marzena Burzych
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Large City ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Theories concerning the impact of urbanization on ground-dwelling mammals are mainly based on large-city studies. We investigated whether the negative effects of urbanization are evident in smaller urban areas, where green areas are usually less isolated from their natural surroundings. Livetrapping of small mammals (Rodentia and Soricomorpha) was conducted between 2007 and 2010 in 15 patches within the city of Lublin (Poland) (147.5 km2, population 354 000) and 15 patches in its agricultural surroundings. A decline in species richness and diversity along an urbanization gradient and an increase in the abundance of species best adapted to the city environment (synurbic species) were observed. The main factors influencing ground-dwelling mammals was isolation of green patches, while the management type of green areas had no significant effect. The genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829, particularly the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771)), was the most urban biased. Within the city, A. agrarius alters its habitat preferences and life-history parameters (body mass, seasonal fluctuations, winter survival). Understanding the factors influencing ground-dwelling mammals in medium-sized cities will enable measures to be implemented that could reduce the negative effects of urbanization during urban expansion.

The More Control, the Better?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyun Oh ◽  
Mun-Young Chung ◽  
Sangyong Han
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Design ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High User ◽  
User Control ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Despite of the popularity of interactive movie trailers, rigorous research on one of the most apparent features of these interfaces – the level of user control – has been scarce. This study explored the effects of user control on users’ immersion and enjoyment of the movie trailers, moderated by the content type. We conducted a 2 (high user control versus low user control) × 2 (drama film trailer versus documentary film trailer) mixed-design factorial experiment. The results showed that the level of user control over movie trailer interfaces decreased users’ immersion when the trailer had an element of traditional story structure, such as a drama film trailer. Participants in the high user control condition answered that they were less fascinated with, absorbed in, focused on, mentally involved with, and emotionally affected by the movie trailer than participants in the low user control condition only with the drama movie trailer. The negative effects of user control on the level of immersion for the drama trailer translated into users’ enjoyment. The impact of user control over interfaces on immersion and enjoyment varies depending on the nature of the media content, which suggests a possible trade-off between the level of user control and entertainment outcomes.

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