MANIFESTATIONS OF SUBACUTE SYSTEMIC TOXICITY OF LEAD OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN RATS AFTER AN INHALATION EXPOSURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
M. Р. Sutunkova ◽  
S. N. Solovyeva ◽  
I. N. Chernyshov ◽  
S. V. Klinova ◽  
V. B. Gurvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
White Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sham Exposure

Outbred white female rats were exposed to an aerosol of lead oxide nanoparticles in a nose-only inhalation setup at an average concentration of 1.30 ± 0.10 mg / m3 during 5 days for 4 hours a day. In parallel, the control group of rats was subjected to sham exposure under similar conditions. The deposition of nanoparticles in the lungs and in the olfactory region of the brain was detected using transmission electron microscopy. Some disorders of the body state were detected in the exposed group, some of which can be considered as the result of a lead-specific toxic effect (an increase in the proportion of reticulocytes and in urinary excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid), and others - the result of nanoparticles circumventing the blood-brain barrier (axon demyelination, vacuolization of the neurons’ cytoplasm).

scholarly journals Manifestation of Systemic Toxicity in Rats after a Short-Time Inhalation of Lead Oxide Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina P. Sutunkova ◽  
Svetlana N. Solovyeva ◽  
Ivan N. Chernyshov ◽  
Svetlana V. Klinova ◽  
Vladimir B. Gurvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Urine Excretion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Short Time

Outbred female rats were exposed to inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticle aerosol produced right then and there at a concentration of 1.30 ± 0.10 mg/m3 during 5 days for 4 h a day in a nose-only setup. A control group of rats were sham-exposed in parallel under similar conditions. Even this short-time exposure of a relatively low level was associated with nanoparticles retention demonstrable by transmission electron microscopy in the lungs and the olfactory brain. Some impairments were found in the organism’s status in the exposed group, some of which might be considered lead-specific toxicological outcomes (in particular, increase in reticulocytes proportion, in δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) urine excretion, and the arterial hypertension’s development).

scholarly journals Impact of lead acetate and sodium and potassium stearates on lipid peroxidation processes in the body of experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-410
Author(s):  
Olha Ye. Fedoriv ◽  
Alexandra Ye. Kopach ◽  
Nataliia A. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
White Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Group 2

Introduction. Given the significant prevalence of lead in the environment, research in this area has significant social and economic importance. Lead compounds are characterized by high toxicity and increased ability to cumulate in ecosystems, humans, and animals. Lead enters the human body with food, drinking water, atmospheric air, and smoking. Lead causes pathological changes in the nervous system, blood-forming organs, kidneys, etc. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on four groups of white female rats, each included seven animals, weighing 150-200 g. The first group of animals was a control. The second group consumed dechlorinated water from the city water supply, followed by lead acetate. The animals from the third and fourth groups drank the same water with sodium stearate and potassium stearate content in a dose of 1/250 LD50. After the 40th-day of the use of these waters, the animals were orally administered lead acetate at a dose of 7 mg/kg. The levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers were studied by studying the content of diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum, liver, and kidney homogenates. Results. The administration of 1/2 acetate LD50 to lead in experimental rats drinking water with stearates was accompanied by a significant increase in the DCs concentration and (MDA) in animals. Higher concentrations of LPO products were observed in the group of animals that consumed water from potassium stearate. Conclusions. 1. With the oral administration of lead acetate against the background of drinking water containing stearates at a dose of 1/250 LD50, an increase in lipid peroxidation indices was noted compared with the control group. 2. Higher concentrations of LPO products were observed in the group of animals consuming water from potassium stearate.

The Experimental Study of Cardiotoxic Effects of Lead Oxide Nanoparticles by Their Various Routes of Exposure

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Minigalieva IA ◽  
MP Sutunkova ◽  
SV Klinova ◽  
SN Solovyova ◽  
LI Privalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Background: Lead oxide nanoparticles are emitted in the workplace air of copper smelters. They are also a by-product in many other metallurgical industries. Objectives: Adverse health effects of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO-NPs) were assessed in vivo using various routes of exposure with special attention paid to particle cardiotoxicity. Materials and methods: The subacute inhalation experiments were conducted on outbred female rats exposed to the generated aerosol of PbO-NPs in the concentration of 1.30 ± 0.10 mg/m3, 4 hours a day during five consecutive days, using the Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure System. The study of subchronic exposure to PbO-NPs was conducted on male rats using intraperitoneal injections made thrice a week during six weeks (18 injections in total). Conclusions: Following both types of exposure to PbO-NPs, we observed changes in toxicological indices including those specific for lead including a decrease in hemoglobin counts, an increase in blood reticulocyte counts and urine concentrations of δ-aminolevulenic acid. The subacute inhalation exposure to PbO-NPs affected electrocardiographic findings in animals (an increase in amplitudes of P and T waves) while the subchronic intraperitoneal injections decreased blood pressure and changed biochemical indices of the cardiovascular system (decreased activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and the concentration of endodelin-1).

The effect of work environment on the biochemical profile of workers operating at the Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium and Magnesium Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 591-603
Author(s):  
Kulzipa Zh Dakieva ◽  
Anatoliy P Tsyganov ◽  
Anna V Egorina ◽  
Anargul S Sharipkhanova ◽  
Valeriy A Sedelev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
White Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Furnace Operator

This study explored biochemical parameters of blood in workers operating in the main workshops at the Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium and Magnesium Plant: magnesium (Mg) workshop (furnace operator, chlorinator operator, and electrolyzer operator), titanium tetrachloride workshop (mill operator and titanium (Ti) production operator), and Ti sponge workshop (reduction furnace operator, knockout operator, and crushing machine operator). The control group consisted of 112 male workers, whose duties were not related to similar occupational hazards (plumbers, electricians, janitors cleaning the administrative building, security guards, and carpenters). The activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphate, and α-amylase and the concentration of serum calcium, Mg, phosphorus, and chloride ion were measured. To clarify the nature of pathological changes that occur in the body of mammals under the influence of toxic gases and dust, this study also included 130 sexually mature, white female rats. Animals and workers were exposed to examination of the same indicators. Changes in test results of enzymes and minerals indicated a negative impact that harmful production factors may have had on the bodies of workers. Findings showed significant fluctuations in enzyme and mineral blood profiles of workers as compared to controls. In the test animals, changes in the enzyme activity and mineral blood composition were as diverse as in the workers. These findings will be useful when identifying markers of a negative impact of harmful substances in an industrial workplace and when developing measures to prevent employees from developing an occupational disease.

Biosynthetic growth hormone changes the collagen and elastin contents and biomechanical properties of the rat aorta

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Brüel ◽  
Hans Oxlund
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I

Abstract The biomechanical and biochemical properties of aortas from female rats treated with biosynthetic human GH (b-hGH) for 80 days were investigated. b-hGH was administered at a dose of 5 mg·kg−1·d−1. Treatment with b-hGH increased the body weight by 75% and the diameter of the aorta by 14% compared with the control group. The concentration of collagen and the relative amount of collagen type I were increased, and the concentration of elastin was decreased. Aortas from the b-hGH-treated group showed increased extensibility in the regions corresponding to physiological load values (i.e. 100-200 mmHg), and increased stiffness in regions with higher load values. The increased extensibility at low load values corresponds well with the loss of elastin, and the increased stiffness at higher load values with the increase of collagen and relative increase of collagen type I. These alterations induced by the growth hormone treatment might influence the elasticity and recoiling properties of the aorta.

Effects of lead and/or cadmium on the distribution patterns of some essential trace elements in immature female rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1914-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Xuelei Zhou ◽  
Dubao Yang ◽  
Zhenyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Essential Trace Elements

Lead acetate (300 mg/L) and/or cadmium chloride (50 mg/L) were administered as drinking water to Sprague-Dawley rats for 9 weeks to investigate the effects of concurrent exposure to lead and cadmium on the distribution patterns of five essential trace elements. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese, selenium and iron in the urine at different exposure times, as well as their levels in the renal cortex and serum at the end of treatment. Compared with the control group, exposure to lead and/or cadmium resulted in a significant increase in the urinary excretion of these five elements during the experiment, whereas significant decreased levels of these elements were found in kidney and serum. In conclusion, increased urinary loss of antioxidant trace elements due to lead and/or cadmium exposure induced the deficiency of antioxidants in the body, which could result in further oxidative damage. Moreover, there was an obvious synergistic effect of lead combined with cadmium on the distribution patterns of these essential trace elements, which may be related to the severity of co-exposure to these two metals.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ORGANISM OF FEMALE RATS F1 UNDER LONG-TERM EXPOSURE OF CITRIC ACID

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
U. І. Теsarinska ◽  
R. S. Fedoruk ◽  
S. Ya. Маrtynyk ◽  
Т. V. Yurynec ◽  
V. А. Smuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Morphological Composition

The paper considers the effect on rats of long-term feeding of an aqueous solution of citric acid (C6H12O6 x H2O, "chemically pure.") in the amount of 8 mg/l. The study was performed on 10 laboratory female rats F1 of the Wistar line, obtained from F0 females. Two groups were set up: control and experimental, 5 animals in each. Animals were under standard conditions with natural light regime day/night, aqueous solutions of citrate, water, and feed received ad libitum. Were determined the morphological composition and biochemical parameters of the blood of female F1 rats. The results of the study indicate the absence of an unfavorable effect of citric acid on red blood cells. Concerning white blood, there is a decrease in the number of leukocytes, which may be due to the development of an adaptive response of the body to citric acid or the inhibition of citric acid's immune response to long-term adaptive action. There is a significant increase in the relative content of eosinophils in females F1, which probably may be due to the action of citric acid. The analysis of the obtained results of blood biochemical parameters indicates a certain tendency to decrease, in terms of control, the content of serum iron, as well as its total and unsaturated Fe-binding capacity. Ferrum saturation of serum transferrin was present at the level of animals in the control group. Analysis of the study results indicates no changes in control in the activity of enzymes: Alkaline phosphatase ALT and AST, also have no statistically significant confirmation of differences in the control group. The level of urea was statistically not significantly higher in terms of control. Thus, long-term watering of citric acid to female rats in the generation F0 and F1 during their physiological and sexual gestation and pregnancy reveal un-favorable effects in female rats F1. However, there was distinguished the adaptive immune-biological response of the animals organism. The immunological response was supported by a decrease in the number of leukocytes and a significant increase in the relative content of eosinophils. The results of biochemical studies of serum indicate the absence of statistically significant differences in animals of the control group.

scholarly journals Stress-Induced Morphological Changes of Ovarian Histology in Female Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1625-1643
Author(s):  
Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka ◽  
Ojieh Anthony Emeka ◽  
Ovuakporaye Simon Irukefe ◽  
Wilson Josiah Iju ◽  
Ogbutor Udoji Godsday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
Ovarian Histology

Stress as it relatesto infertility has become a global issue attracting public health concern. The present study examined the morphological changes in ovarian histology in response to oxidative stress-induced in female rats following exposure to different stressors. 92 rats of 12-14weeks old weighing between 120-160g were used for the study. Three (3) different stress models were utilized for stress induction at the rate of 1, 3, and 5hours per day for 1, 2, and 3weeks respectively. At the end of stress induction durations, bodyweights were obtained and the rats were euthanized via cervical dislocation while the ovary weights were carefully isolated and their weights recorded. The harvested ovary was sectioned, mounted on slides, stained, and observed under the microscope for histopathological investigations. Findings from this study established that exposure to restraint mirror or intruder stressor significantly (p<0.05) altered the body and/or ovary weights of the rats irrespective of the rate of exposure when compared to the control group. Cellular degeneration, infiltration, and atretic follicular changes were observed in the ovarian histology of rats in response to stress-inducedchanges caused by exposure to restraint or intruder stressors, whereas, equivalent exposure of the rats to mirror stressor did not result in any observed degenerative changes in the histology of the ovary studied. Our study revealed that exposure to restraint or intruder stressor points towards the existence of stress contributes towardsorgan/body weight changes and cellular damage inthe ovarian tissuespossiblycausing pathogenesis in reproductive capacity of females.

scholarly journals Effect of cadmium on the floor of the mouth on rats during lactation

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Cristina Picoli ◽  
Ii-Sei Watanabe ◽  
Ruberval Armando Lopes ◽  
Miguel Angel Sala ◽  
Fábio Picoli
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth

Cadmium (Cd) present in the air, drinking water and food has the potential to affect the health of people, mainly those who live in highly industrialized regions. Cd affects placental function, may cross the placental barrier and directly modify fetal development. It is also excreted into milk. The body is particularly susceptible to Cd exposure during perinatal period. The effect on rat oral epithelium (floor of the mouth) after continuous exposure to drinking water containing low levels of Cd during lactation was studied. Female rats were supplied with ad libitum drinking water containing 300 mg/l of CdCl2 throughout the whole lactation period. Control animals received a similar volume of water without Cd. Lactating rats (21 day-old) were killed by lethal dose of anesthetic. The heads were retrieved, fixed in "alfac" solution (alcohol, acetic acid and formaldehyde) for 24 h, serially sectioned in frontal plane, at the level of the first molars. The 6 µm sections were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Nuclear epithelium parameters were estimated, as well as cytoplasm and cell volume, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, numeric and surface densities, and epithelial thickness. Mean body weight was 34.86 g for the control group and 18.56 g for the Cd-treated group. Histologically, the floor of the mouth epithelium was thinner in the treated group, with smaller and more numerous cells. In this experiment, Cd induced epithelial hypotrophy, indicating a direct action in oral mucosa cells, besides retarded development of the pups.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alkaline Water and Sodium Ascorbate on Glucose and Cortisol Levels During Acute Hyperthermic Stress in White Laboratory Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdrina Ajeti ◽  
Slagjana Brsakoska ◽  
Vasilka Rendjova ◽  
Marija Angelovski ◽  
Icko Gjorgoski
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
White Female ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Abstract Stress can be a reason for some physiological and biological disorders in the body. The antioxidative defense system is necessary for the maintenance of redox homeostasis in the organisms. Alkaline water (AW) is in the focus of the scientific interest due to its antioxidative effect. The treatment with AW and sodium ascorbate (SA) is expected to have potential preventive effect on the organism to hyperthermic stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AW and SA on glucose and cortisol levels during acute hyperthermic stress, in white female Wistar laboratory rats. The rats were divided into three groups, each having 10 subjects. They were exposed in hyperthermic conditions (41˚C) for 80 min, in 21 consecutive days in order to induce oxidative stress. The first group received drinkable water (control group), the second AW, and the third, AW and SA. Plasma glucose levels were determined by colorimetric method. Cortisol level was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA). The means were compared using the Tukey test. Differences were considered significant at a level of p<0.05. Our results showed that levels of glucose and cortisol were significantly higher in the group treated with AW on the 21st day after treatment (p<0.0001), but not on the 7th and 14th day as compared to the control group. Also, co-treatment of animals with AW and SA had significantly increased the levels of glucose and cortisol on the 21st day after treatment, indicating a synergistic effect. In conclusion, the individual action of AW or in synergism with SA caused a high protective effect on oxidative damage in white Wistar laboratory rats.

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